CN210792810U - A two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system for new energy vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system for a new energy vehicle, which consists of a brake pedal, a brake pedal displacement sensor, a vehicle speed sensor, a gradient sensor, a manual switch, a vehicle controller, a brake controller, and a battery. It consists of management system, DC/DC converter, motor controller, generator, speed increaser, electromagnetic clutch, main reducer, and drive motor. The drive motor and the main reducer form a primary electric braking mechanism, the generator and the speed increaser form a secondary electric braking mechanism, the driving motor is a primary energy recovery device, and the generator is a secondary energy recovery device. The system enables the car to generate more electric braking force during braking, and at the same time recovers energy with high efficiency, thereby effectively solving the problems of small auxiliary braking force and low energy recovery efficiency in the existing solution.

Description

A two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system for new energy vehicles

technical field

The utility model relates to a two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system for new energy vehicles, which belongs to the field of electric vehicle energy recovery.

Background technique

New energy vehicles have become the trend of world development, but they are not popular now. One of the important reasons is that the difficulty of batteries has not been overcome, which has a great impact on the cruising range of new energy vehicles, increasing the cruising range of new energy vehicles. Improving the energy density of the battery is the key, and recovering the energy during the driving process as much as possible is also an important method to improve the cruising range. The braking condition during driving is essential. The braking frequency is frequent, so a large amount of electric energy is lost; due to the large number of slopes, large slopes and long distances on mountain roads, the brakes will generate a great load when the vehicle goes downhill, and in severe cases, the brakes will fail, and safety accidents will occur.

At present, new energy vehicles mostly use decoupling braking energy recovery systems, which brake the car through the coupling of driving motor braking force and mechanical braking force, and recover energy from the driving motor, which can recover energy when the car is coasting or braking. However, due to the limited braking torque of the drive motor and the low power generation efficiency, the generated electric braking force is small and the energy recovery efficiency is low.

If a special generator is added on the basis of the existing decoupling braking energy recovery system, not only the braking torque of the generator can be used to increase the electric braking force, but also the energy recovery efficiency can be effectively improved, which can greatly improve the battery life of new energy vehicles. It is of great significance to reduce the mileage, reduce the brake load, and improve the driving safety of the car.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the above problems, the present utility model provides a two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system for new energy vehicles on the basis of the existing decoupling braking energy recovery system. Brake pedal displacement sensor 2, gradient sensor 4, manual switch 5, generator 13, speed increaser 14, electromagnetic clutch 15 and other components are added to the system, and a set of electric braking and energy recovery device is added on the existing basis, so that The vehicle generates a larger electric braking force during braking, and at the same time recovers energy with high efficiency, thereby effectively solving the problems of small electric braking force and low energy recovery efficiency in the existing solution.

A two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system for a new energy vehicle, comprising a brake pedal 1, a brake pedal displacement sensor 2, a vehicle speed sensor 3, a gradient sensor 4, a manual switch 5, a vehicle controller 6, and a brake controller 7. Battery management system 10 , DC/DC converter 11 , motor controller 12 , generator 13 , speed increaser 14 , electromagnetic clutch 15 , main reducer 16 , and drive motor 17 .

The driving motor 17 and the main reducer 16 form a primary electric braking mechanism, the generator 13 and the speed increaser 14 form a secondary electric braking mechanism, the driving motor 17 is a primary energy recovery device, and the generator 13 is a secondary energy recycling device.

The input shaft a end of the main reducer 16 is connected with the output shaft of the drive motor 17 through splines, and the input shaft b end of the main reducer 16 is connected with the driving shaft of the electromagnetic clutch 15 through splines.

The driven shaft of the electromagnetic clutch 15 is connected with the input shaft of the speed increaser 14 through splines.

The output shaft of the speed increaser 14 is connected with the input shaft of the generator 13 through splines.

The brake pedal displacement sensor 2 , the vehicle speed sensor 3 , the gradient sensor 4 , and the manual switch 5 are connected to the vehicle controller 6 through signal lines.

The brake pedal displacement sensor 2 is mounted on the brake pedal 1 .

The manual switch 5 is installed on the cab console.

The brake controller 7 , the battery management system 10 , and the motor controller 12 are connected to the vehicle controller 6 through the CAN bus.

The master cylinder 8 , the speed increaser 14 , and the electromagnetic clutch 15 are connected to the brake controller 7 through a circuit.

The generator 13 , the drive motor 17 , and the battery 19 are connected to the motor controller 12 through a circuit.

The battery 19 is electrically connected to the battery management system 10 .

The DC/DC converter 11 connects the electromagnetic clutch 15 to the battery 19 through an electrical circuit.

A two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system for a new energy vehicle. The vehicle controller 6 is based on the brake pedal displacement signal output by the brake pedal displacement sensor 2, the vehicle speed signal output by the vehicle speed sensor 3, and the road gradient output by the gradient sensor 4. The signal and the working signal output by the manual switch 5 determine how the two-stage electric braking mechanism and the energy recovery device operate, and send the instructions to the braking controller 7, the battery management system 10, and the motor controller 12 through the CAN bus.

When the brake pedal 1 is stepped on to trigger the operation of the secondary electric braking mechanism and the secondary energy recovery device, the brake controller 7 controls the electromagnetic clutch 15 to operate with electricity, and the main reducer 16 drives the speed increaser through the power transmission of the electromagnetic clutch 15 14 runs, so that the speed increaser 14 drives the generator 13 to run, and the speed increase ratio of the speed increaser 14 changes in direct proportion to the displacement of the brake pedal within a certain range.

When the brake pedal 1 is released, the brake controller 7 controls the electromagnetic clutch 15 to be powered off to stop running, interrupting the power transmission between the main reducer 16 and the speed increaser 14, thereby stopping the generator 13 from running.

Compared with the prior art, by adding a set of two-stage electric braking and energy recovery mechanism composed of a generator 13 and a speed increaser 14 to the existing decoupling braking energy recovery system, the utility model can be used in automobile manufacturing. It can generate greater electric braking force and recover energy with high efficiency during driving, thereby effectively solving the key problems of low energy recovery efficiency and small electric braking force in the existing solution.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system for a new energy vehicle of the present invention. Among them: 1. Brake pedal; 2. Brake pedal displacement sensor; 3. Vehicle speed sensor; 4. Slope sensor; 5. Manual switch; 6. Vehicle controller; 7. Brake controller; 8. Brake total Pump; 9. Brake; 10. Battery Management System; 11. DC/DC Converter; 12. Motor Controller; 13. Generator; 14. Speed Increaser; 15. Electromagnetic Clutch; 16. Final Gearbox; 17. Drive motor; 18. Wheels; 19. Battery.

Figure 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of the structure.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation method of the present invention is as follows.

The present utility model provides a two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system for a new energy vehicle. In order to make the technical solutions and effects of the present utility model clearer, the present utility model is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings; it should be understood that the specific The implementation is only used to explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, a two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system for a new energy vehicle consists of a brake pedal 1, a brake pedal displacement sensor 2, a vehicle speed sensor 3, a gradient sensor 4, a manual switch 5, and a vehicle controller 6 , Brake controller 7, battery management system 10, DC/DC converter 11, motor controller 12, generator 13, speed increaser 14, electromagnetic clutch 15, main reducer 16, drive motor 17.

The driving motor 17 and the main reducer 16 form a primary electric braking mechanism, the generator 13 and the speed increaser 14 form a secondary electric braking mechanism, the driving motor 17 is a primary energy recovery device, and the generator 13 is a secondary energy recycling device.

The input shaft a end of the main reducer 16 is connected with the output shaft of the drive motor 17 through splines, and the input shaft b end of the main reducer 16 is connected with the driving shaft of the electromagnetic clutch 15 through splines.

The driven shaft of the electromagnetic clutch 15 is connected with the input shaft of the speed increaser 14 through splines.

The output shaft of the speed increaser 14 is connected with the input shaft of the generator 13 through splines.

The brake pedal displacement sensor 2 , the vehicle speed sensor 3 , the gradient sensor 4 , and the manual switch 5 are connected to the vehicle controller 6 through signal lines.

The brake pedal displacement sensor 2 is mounted on the brake pedal 1 .

The manual switch 5 is installed on the cab console.

The brake controller 7 , the battery management system 10 , and the motor controller 12 are connected to the vehicle controller ( 6 ) through the CAN bus.

The master cylinder 8 , the speed increaser 14 , and the electromagnetic clutch 15 are connected to the brake controller 7 through a circuit.

The generator 13 , the drive motor 17 , and the battery 19 are connected to the motor controller 12 through a circuit.

The battery 19 is electrically connected to the battery management system 10 .

The DC/DC converter 11 connects the electromagnetic clutch 15 to the battery 19 through an electrical circuit.

When the car is running, the above system works as follows.

During the running process of the vehicle, the vehicle controller 6 receives the brake pedal displacement signal output by the brake pedal displacement sensor 2 , the vehicle speed signal output by the vehicle speed sensor 3 , the road gradient signal output by the gradient sensor 4 , and the working signal output by the manual switch 5 .

After processing the received signal, the vehicle controller 6 outputs the instruction to the brake controller 7, the motor controller 12, and the battery management system 10 through the CAN bus for corresponding control.

The brake controller 7 controls the working state of the electromagnetic clutch 15 and the brake master cylinder 8 according to the instructions of the vehicle controller 6, and adjusts the speed increase ratio of the speed increaser 14, so that the first-level electric braking and the second-level electric braking are performed. , The brake braking is carried out in an orderly manner.

The motor controller 12 adjusts the braking torque and rotational speed of the driving motor and the generator, adjusts the current and voltage, and protects the circuit according to the instructions of the vehicle controller 6 .

The battery management system 10 monitors and evaluates the battery in real time according to the instructions of the vehicle controller 6 to ensure the normal operation of the charging process.

The DC/DC converter 11 converts the voltage of the battery 19 into a low voltage to supply power to the electromagnetic clutch 15 .

The vehicle controller 6 receives the vehicle speed signal obtained by the vehicle speed sensor 3, and the brake controller 7 and the motor controller 12 are based on the instructions output by the vehicle controller 6 through the CAN bus. When the vehicle brakes at high speed, the brake controller 7 controls the vehicle. The speed increase ratio of the speed increaser 14 is increased within a certain range, and the motor controller 12 controls the driving motor 17 and the braking torque of the generator 13 to increase within a certain range, generating a large electric braking force. Correspondingly reduced, a relatively small electric braking force is produced.

When the vehicle goes downhill, the vehicle controller 6 receives the road gradient signal obtained by the gradient sensor 4, and the brake controller 7 controls the speed increase ratio of the speed increaser 14 to be within a certain range based on the command output by the vehicle controller 6 through the CAN bus. The motor controller 12 controls the braking torque of the drive motor 17 and the generator 13 to change proportionally with the gradient within a certain range based on the command output by the vehicle controller 6 through the CAN bus, thereby generating a suitable electric braking force .

When the car is coasting, the displacement of the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal 1 are both 0. The brake controller 7 controls the electromagnetic clutch 15 to stop running when the power is turned off based on the command output by the vehicle controller 6 through the CAN bus, and the wheels 18 drive the main reducer 16 to run. Thereby, the drive motor 17 is driven to run, and the drive motor 17 is converted into a "generator" for primary energy recovery, and cooperates with the main reducer 16 to generate a primary electric braking force, which not only ensures the vehicle has a good coasting speed but also recovers a small amount of energy.

When the car brakes, it is divided into two situations according to the displacement of the brake pedal 1.

Case 1: When the displacement of the brake pedal 1 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 35%, the first-level electric braking and the first-level energy recovery are still carried out, and the brake controller 7 controls the solenoid based on the command output by the vehicle controller 6 through the CAN bus. The clutch 15 is energized and operated, the main reducer 16 drives the speed increaser 14 to operate through the power transmission of the electromagnetic clutch 15, the speed increaser 14 drives the generator 13 to operate, the generator 13 performs secondary energy recovery, and is driven by the generator 13 to operate. The required torque and the reverse torque increase of the speed increaser 14 generate a secondary electric braking force. During the entire braking process, the brake 9 does not participate in braking. About 40% of the required braking force is generated by the secondary electric braking mechanism, and about 60% is generated by the secondary electric braking mechanism. Generated by a primary electric braking mechanism.

As the displacement of the brake pedal 1 increases, the brake controller 7 controls the speed increase ratio of the speed increaser 14 to increase accordingly within a certain range based on the command output by the vehicle controller 6 through the CAN bus, and the motor controller 12 is based on the The vehicle controller 6 controls the braking torque of the drive motor 17 and the generator 13 to increase accordingly through the commands output by the CAN bus, and the two-stage electric braking force reaches the maximum when the displacement of the brake pedal 1 is 35%.

Case 2: When the displacement of the brake pedal is greater than 35%, on the basis of two-stage electric braking, the brake controller 7 controls the master cylinder 8 to work based on the command output by the vehicle controller 6 through the CAN bus, and the brake The master cylinder 8 makes the brake 9 generate a mechanical braking force, and the three brake the car together. The two-stage electric braking mechanism brakes with the maximum braking force, and the rest of the braking force is generated by the brake 9 and recovered by the energy recovery device at the same time. braking energy.

When the slope is large and the distance is long, the manual switch 5 is pressed, the vehicle controller 6 receives the working signal of the manual switch 5, and the brake controller 7 controls the electromagnetic clutch 15 to energize based on the command output by the vehicle controller 6 through the CAN bus. The motor controller 12 controls the braking torque of the drive motor 17 and the generator 13 to the maximum based on the command output by the vehicle controller 6 through the CAN bus, so as to achieve the maximum braking torque during braking. When the displacement of pedal 1 is 0, the two-stage electric braking mechanism can also generate the maximum braking force to brake the car. At the same time, the braking energy is recovered by the energy recovery device, which is of great help to reduce the load of the brake and maximize the recovery. The energy is reduced, and the difficulty of the driver's operation is reduced.

When the accelerator pedal stroke is not 0 and the manual switch 5 is in the off state, the system is automatically turned off.

The utility model has the following beneficial effects.

1. Two-stage electric braking can effectively reduce the brake load and improve driving safety.

2. The two-stage energy recovery device improves the efficiency of energy recovery and effectively increases the cruising range.

3. The system can continue to work through the manual switch to reduce the difficulty of the driver's operation.

4. The added components in the system are all mature products on the market, with high reliability and low cost.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a new energy automobile two-stage electric braking and energy recuperation system which characterized in that:

the vehicle-mounted brake system is composed of a brake pedal (1), a brake pedal displacement sensor (2), a vehicle speed sensor (3), a gradient sensor (4), a manual switch (5), a vehicle control unit (6), a brake controller (7), a battery management system (10), a DC/DC converter (11), a motor controller (12), a generator (13), a speed increaser (14), an electromagnetic clutch (15), a main speed reducer (16) and a driving motor (17);

the driving motor (17) and the main speed reducer (16) form a primary electric braking mechanism, the generator (13) and the speed increaser (14) form a secondary electric braking mechanism, the driving motor (17) is a primary energy recovery device, and the generator (13) is a secondary energy recovery device;

the input shaft a end of the main speed reducer (16) is connected with the output shaft of the driving motor (17) through a spline, and the input shaft b end of the main speed reducer (16) is connected with the driving shaft of the electromagnetic clutch (15) through a spline;

the driven shaft of the electromagnetic clutch (15) is connected with the input shaft of the speed increaser (14) through a spline;

the output shaft of the speed increaser (14) is connected with the input shaft of the generator (13) through a spline;

the brake pedal displacement sensor (2), the vehicle speed sensor (3), the gradient sensor (4) and the manual switch (5) are connected with the whole vehicle controller (6) through signal lines;

the brake pedal displacement sensor (2) is arranged on the brake pedal (1);

the manual switch (5) is arranged on a cab console;

the brake controller (7), the battery management system (10) and the motor controller (12) are connected with the whole vehicle controller (6) through a CAN bus;

the brake master cylinder (8), the speed increaser (14) and the electromagnetic clutch (15) are connected with the brake controller (7) through circuits;

the generator (13), the driving motor (17) and the storage battery (19) are connected with the motor controller (12) through circuits;

the storage battery (19) is connected with the battery management system (10) through a circuit;

the DC/DC converter (11) connects the electromagnetic clutch (15) to the battery (19) through a circuit.

2. The two-stage electric braking and energy recovery system of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle control unit (6) judges how the two-stage electric braking mechanism and the energy recovery device operate based on a brake pedal displacement signal output by the brake pedal displacement sensor (2), a vehicle speed signal output by the vehicle speed sensor (3), a road gradient signal output by the gradient sensor (4) and a working signal output by the manual switch (5), and sends instructions to the braking controller (7), the battery management system (10) and the motor controller (12) through a CAN bus, and is characterized in that:

the brake pedal (1) is stepped, the brake controller (7) controls the electromagnetic clutch (15) to be electrified and operated, the main speed reducer (16) drives the speed increaser (14) to operate through the power transmission of the electromagnetic clutch (15), so that the speed increaser (14) drives the generator (13) to operate, and the speed increasing ratio of the speed increaser (14) is changed in a positive proportion to the displacement of the brake pedal within a certain range; when the brake pedal (1) is released, the brake controller (7) controls the electromagnetic clutch (15) to be powered off and stop running, and the power transmission between the main speed reducer (16) and the speed increaser (14) is interrupted, so that the generator (13) stops running.

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