CN210443621U - Metal matrix bipolar plate - Google Patents
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- CN210443621U CN210443621U CN201921224170.2U CN201921224170U CN210443621U CN 210443621 U CN210443621 U CN 210443621U CN 201921224170 U CN201921224170 U CN 201921224170U CN 210443621 U CN210443621 U CN 210443621U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The utility model provides a metal matrix bipolar plate, which comprises an anode plate and a cathode plate made of metal, wherein the anode plate and the cathode plate respectively comprise an intermediate reaction area, a first shunting island, a second shunting island, an inlet area and an outlet area, the inlet area is communicated with the intermediate reaction area through the first shunting island, and the intermediate reaction area is communicated with the outlet area through the second shunting island; the middle reaction zone is provided with a plurality of grooves and ridges, the ridges on the front side form grooves on the back side, the grooves on the front side form ridges on the back side, the grooves and the ridges on the front side form flow channels on the front side, and the flow channels on the front side are Z-shaped flow channels; the groove width of the positive surface of the anode plate is smaller than that of the negative plate, and the ridge width of the positive surface of the anode plate is larger than that of the negative plate. The utility model provides a metal matrix bipolar plate, based on the fuel fully reacts required volume ratio's of oxidant consideration, the width that enlarges the air runner makes it be greater than the hydrogen runner, has guaranteed the abundant reaction of fuel with the oxidant from this, avoids unnecessary extravagant.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fuel cell field specifically, relates to a metal matrix bipolar plate, especially a high performance metal bipolar plate for fuel cell.
Background
A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy in a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy through an electrocatalytic reaction on an electrical machine. The fuel cell mainly comprises a Membrane Electrode (MEA) and a bipolar plate; the MEA is the core of the fuel cell, and the bipolar plate is an important component of the cell and plays the roles of collecting current, distributing gas, managing water and managing heat in the fuel cell; the bipolar plates are of various types, the commonly adopted bipolar plates are graphite bipolar plates processed by carving, the technology is mature, but the processing cost is high, and the bipolar plates are mainly applied to experimental research in a laboratory. At present, the research on the bipolar plate of the fuel cell mainly focuses on the flexible graphite bipolar plate (and the injection molding graphite bipolar plate), the metal bipolar plate and the composite bipolar plate. Because the metal material has the advantages of good electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, easy flaking, easy processing and the like, the metal material becomes one of the first-choice fuel cell bipolar plate materials, and the development and research of the metal bipolar plate are carried out by various companies and units in the world.
The metal bipolar plate material adopted by H-power (US patent 5858567) of hydrogen energy company in America is titanium material, and the bipolar plate is nitrided in high-temperature vacuum, so that a layer of compact titanium nitride protective film is formed on the surface of the titanium material. The surface treatment can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the metal, but the surface treatment time is too long, the structure is complex, the processing cost is high, and the cost of the bipolar plate in a fuel cell cannot be greatly reduced. The fuel cell stack of the institute of chemical and physical technology of China also uses metal materials to process the bipolar plate, and utilizes linear cutting or electric spark to process the flow field channel, so that the processing cost is higher, the mass production cannot be realized, and the application of the bipolar plate is greatly limited.
Chinese patent publication No. CN107634240A discloses a small fuel cell metal bipolar plate, which comprises an anode unipolar plate and a cathode unipolar plate connected with each other, and is characterized in that: the anode unipolar plate and the cathode unipolar plate are two identical unipolar plates, each unipolar plate comprises an inlet end and an outlet end which are respectively positioned at two sides, and a flow channel area which is positioned in the middle and connects the inlet end and the outlet end, the inlet end comprises a fuel inlet, a cooling medium inlet and an oxidant inlet, and the outlet end comprises a fuel outlet, a cooling medium outlet and an oxidant outlet; grooves and ridges are arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the unipolar plate, the ridges on the front surface form the grooves on the back surface, and the grooves on the front surface form the ridges on the back surface; the grooves and the ridges on the front surface of the unipolar plate form a front flow channel of the unipolar plate; the front runner of the anode unipolar plate is a fuel runner which is connected with a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet; the front runner of the cathode unipolar plate is an oxidant runner which is connected with an oxidant inlet and an oxidant outlet; after the anode unipolar plate and the cathode unipolar plate are attached, the grooves and the ridges on the back surfaces of the two unipolar plates form a cooling flow channel through which a cooling medium passes; the anode unipolar plate is hermetically connected with the cathode unipolar plate; the oxidant runner and the fuel runner are both snakelike runners and are respectively provided with at least one runner. The cathode unipolar plate and the anode unipolar plate of the metal bipolar plate for the fuel cell provided by the scheme are identical, which means that the volume of air flowing through the cathode unipolar plate flow channels is identical to the volume of hydrogen flowing through the anode unipolar plate flow channels at the same time, and the oxygen content in the air is only about 20%, so that the volume difference between the hydrogen and the oxygen participating in the reaction is large, the reaction cannot be fully performed, and the fuel utilization rate is low under the scheme.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a metal matrix bipolar plate.
According to the utility model provides a metal matrix bipolar plate, including anode plate and the negative plate that the metal was made, anode plate and negative plate all include middle reaction zone, first reposition of redundant personnel island, second reposition of redundant personnel island, inlet area and export district, the inlet area is through first reposition of redundant personnel island intercommunication middle reaction zone, and middle reaction zone is through second reposition of redundant personnel island intercommunication export district;
the middle reaction zone is provided with a plurality of grooves and ridges, the ridges on the front side form grooves on the back side, the grooves on the front side form ridges on the back side, the grooves and the ridges on the front side form flow channels on the front side, and the flow channels on the front side are Z-shaped flow channels;
the positive flow channel of the anode plate is a hydrogen flow channel, and the positive flow channel of the cathode plate is an air flow channel; after the anode plate is attached to the back of the cathode plate, the grooves and the ridges on the back of the two electrode plates form a cooling water flow channel;
the groove width of the front surface of the anode plate is smaller than that of the cathode plate, and the ridge width of the front surface of the anode plate is larger than that of the cathode plate;
the middle reaction area of the anode plate is a hydrogen reaction area, and the middle reaction area of the cathode plate is an air reaction area.
Preferably, after the anode plate is attached to the back of the cathode plate, the groove on the back of the anode plate is opposite to the groove on the back of the cathode plate, and the ridge on the back of the anode plate is opposite to the ridge on the back of the cathode plate.
Preferably, the first diversion island comprises diversion ports, strip-shaped bosses and distribution fences, the strip-shaped bosses are discontinuous strip-shaped bosses with unequal intervals, a plurality of strip-shaped bosses are parallel to each other, diversion channels are formed between adjacent strip-shaped bosses, the diversion channels are communicated with the inlet area through the diversion ports, and the diversion channels are communicated with the middle reaction area through the distribution fences;
the width of the distribution channel is gradually increased from one side of the distribution fence close to the distribution port to one side of the distribution fence far away from the distribution port;
the first flow splitting island of the anode plate is a hydrogen flow splitting island, and the flow splitting port of the hydrogen flow splitting island is a hydrogen flow splitting port; the first diversion island of the cathode plate is an air diversion island, and the diversion port of the air diversion island is an air diversion port;
the back of the strip-shaped boss of the first diversion island is provided with a reverse concave station, and the reverse concave station on the anode plate and the reverse concave station on the cathode plate are supported in a staggered manner to form a diversion channel of cooling water.
Preferably, the second flow splitting island comprises a flow collecting port, strip-shaped bosses and a distribution fence, the strip-shaped bosses are discontinuous strip-shaped bosses with unequal intervals, a plurality of strip-shaped bosses are parallel to each other, flow collecting channels are formed between adjacent strip-shaped bosses, the flow collecting channels are communicated with the outlet area through the flow collecting port, and the flow collecting channels are communicated with the middle reaction area through the distribution fence;
the width of the flow collecting channel is gradually increased from one side of the distribution fence close to the flow collecting port to one side of the distribution fence far away from the flow collecting port;
the second flow-dividing island of the anode plate is a hydrogen flow-dividing island, and the flow-collecting port of the hydrogen flow-dividing island is a hydrogen flow-collecting port; the second flow distribution island of the cathode plate is an air flow distribution island, and the flow collecting port of the air flow distribution island is an air flow collecting port;
the back of the strip-shaped boss of the second flow-dividing island is provided with a reverse concave station, and the reverse concave station on the anode plate and the reverse concave station on the cathode plate are supported in a staggered manner to form a flow-collecting channel of cooling water.
Preferably, the inlet region comprises a hydrogen inlet, a cooling water inlet and an air inlet, the cooling water inlet being disposed between the hydrogen inlet and the air inlet;
the outlet area comprises a hydrogen outlet, a cooling water outlet and an air outlet, and the cooling water outlet is arranged between the hydrogen outlet and the air outlet;
the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are symmetrically distributed relative to the center diagonal of the metal matrix bipolar plate, and the air inlet and the air outlet are symmetrically distributed relative to the center diagonal of the metal matrix bipolar plate.
Preferably, the ratio of the area of the air inlet to the area of the hydrogen inlet is between 2:1 and 3: 1.
Preferably, the surfaces of the anode plate and the cathode plate are respectively coated with a nano coating film; the thickness of the anode plate and the cathode plate is 1 mm.
Preferably, the anode plate and the cathode plate are provided with positioning holes.
Preferably, welding tracks are arranged on corresponding positions of the anode plate and the cathode plate, and the anode plate and the cathode plate are connected through welding by the welding tracks.
Preferably, the hydrogen inlet, the cooling water inlet, the air inlet, the hydrogen outlet, the cooling water outlet and the air outlet are all provided with a sealing ring groove, and a sealing element is arranged in the sealing ring groove.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1. the utility model provides a metal matrix bipolar plate, based on the consideration of the required volume ratio of fuel and oxidant abundant reaction, on the one hand, enlarge air inlet's area and make it be greater than the hydrogen air inlet, on the other hand, enlarge air runner's width and make it be greater than the hydrogen runner, guaranteed the abundant reaction of fuel with the oxidant from this, avoid unnecessary extravagant.
2. The metal matrix bipolar plate provided by the utility model has the advantages that on one hand, the airflow shunting port is arranged between the airflow inlet and the adjacent shunting island, and the airflow shunting port is matched with the shunting island for use, so that the airflow pressure, the flow and the speed distribution in each flow channel are more uniform when the gas reaches the reaction zone; on the other hand, a gas collecting port is arranged between the gas outlet and the adjacent distributing island, and the collecting port is matched with the distributing island, so that the recycling rate of gas can be further improved, and the loss is effectively reduced.
3. The metal matrix bipolar plate provided by the utility model is provided with a plurality of parallel Z-shaped flow field runners in the reaction area, and the design of the Z-shaped runners is helpful to prolong the retention time of gas in the runners and improve the gas utilization rate; compared with a single-row flow channel, the design of the multiple parallel flow channels can still play a role even if a single flow channel is blocked, and the battery can be continuously used.
4. The metal matrix bipolar plate provided by the utility model takes the metal sheet as the base material, and has good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity; meanwhile, the weight and the volume of the bipolar plate are greatly reduced by adopting the ultrathin base material, and the cost of the bipolar plate can be effectively controlled.
5. The utility model provides a metal matrix bipolar plate adopts optic fibre laser welding technique to weld, has guaranteed good sealed effect, has guaranteed the assembly precision simultaneously.
6. The utility model provides a metal matrix bipolar plate adopts nanometer coating film coating technique to carry out the surface coating film on the surface, and the coating film material has high conductivity, high corrosion resistance and high adhesive force, can make electrochemical reaction more stable, prolongs bipolar plate's life.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
figure 1 is a front view of a metal matrix bipolar plate of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a rear view of a metal matrix bipolar plate of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 2.
The figures show that:
001-hydrogen inlet 007-air flow splitting port 015-hydrogen flow splitting island
002-sealing ring groove 010-hydrogen outlet 017-hydrogen collecting port
003-Cooling water inlet 011-cooling water outlet 018-air flow passage
004-air flow distribution island 012-air flow collecting port 019-hydrogen flow channel
005-air inlet 013-air outlet 020-cooling water flow passage
006-positioning hole 014-hydrogen flow-dividing port
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The utility model discloses a metal matrix bipolar plate, the positive and negative two sides of bipolar plate are negative plate and anode plate respectively. The flow channel in the front of the anode plate is the hydrogen flow channel 019, and the flow channel in the front of the cathode plate is the air flow channel 018. Form cooling water runner 020 between anode plate and the negative plate, the import district of anode plate, negative plate is provided with first reposition of redundant personnel island with middle reaction zone, and the export district is provided with second reposition of redundant personnel island with middle reaction zone, the reposition of redundant personnel island comprises a plurality of bar bosss, and the bar boss on the reposition of redundant personnel island of anode plate and negative plate plays gaseous reposition of redundant personnel, makes gaseous even along the cavity dispersion to middle reaction zone that slot and proton exchange membrane formed, and bar boss still plays the supporting role to proton exchange membrane simultaneously. The back of reposition of redundant personnel island bar boss is reverse concave station, and reverse concave station on the positive plate and the crisscross support of reverse concave station on the negative plate play reposition of redundant personnel water conservancy diversion effect to the cooling water, play the supporting role to cooling water runner 020 simultaneously. The gas enters the intermediate reaction zone to generate electrochemical reaction, and electron current and voltage are generated. The interlayer between the anode plate and the cathode plate is a cooling water flow channel 020 which has the function of reducing the temperature generated in the intermediate reaction zone. The utility model discloses the substrate is sheet metal, and the bipolar plate structure of adoption can effectual realization gas and the distribution of cooling water, realizes more even stable electrochemical reaction and cooling effect. The bipolar plate is processed by adopting the technologies of stamping, welding, surface coating and the like, has stable process, low cost and high precision, can be suitable for large-scale production and meets the requirements of various industries on the bipolar plate.
According to the metal matrix bipolar plate provided by the utility model, as shown in fig. 1-3, the metal matrix bipolar plate comprises an anode plate and a cathode plate made of metal, wherein the anode plate and the cathode plate respectively comprise a middle reaction area, a first shunting island, a second shunting island, an inlet area and an outlet area, the inlet area is communicated with the middle reaction area through the first shunting island, and the middle reaction area is communicated with the outlet area through the second shunting island; the middle reaction zone is provided with a plurality of grooves and ridges, the ridges on the front side form grooves on the back side, the grooves on the front side form ridges on the back side, the grooves and the ridges on the front side form flow channels on the front side, and the flow channels on the front side are Z-shaped flow channels; the flow channel on the front side of the anode plate is a hydrogen flow channel 019, and the flow channel on the front side of the cathode plate is an air flow channel 018; after the anode plate is attached to the back of the cathode plate, the grooves and the ridges on the back of the two electrode plates form a cooling water flow channel 020; the groove width of the positive surface of the anode plate is smaller than that of the negative plate, and the ridge width of the positive surface of the anode plate is larger than that of the negative plate. The middle reaction area of the anode plate is a hydrogen reaction area, and the middle reaction area of the cathode plate is an air reaction area. After the anode plate is attached to the back of the cathode plate, the groove on the back of the anode plate is opposite to the groove on the back of the cathode plate, and the ridge on the back of the anode plate is opposite to the ridge on the back of the cathode plate. Preferably, the width of the groove on the front surface of the cathode plate is 1.0mm, and the width of the groove on the front surface of the anode plate is 0.8 mm. Preferably, the error of the grooves on the front surfaces of the cathode plate and the anode plate is less than 15um, the error of the ridges on the front surfaces of the cathode plate and the anode plate is less than 15um, and the flatness of the surface of the bipolar plate is higher. The front flow channel adopts a Z-shaped design, which is beneficial to prolonging the retention time of gas in the flow channel and improving the gas utilization rate; the width of the air flow passage 018 is increased to be larger than that of the hydrogen flow passage 019, which is advantageous for sufficient reaction of the oxidant and the fuel.
The first diversion island comprises diversion ports, strip-shaped bosses and distribution fences, the strip-shaped bosses are discontinuous strip-shaped bosses with unequal distances, a plurality of strip-shaped bosses are parallel to each other, diversion channels are formed between adjacent strip-shaped bosses, the diversion channels are communicated with the inlet area through the diversion ports, and the diversion channels are communicated with the middle reaction area through the distribution fences; the width of the distribution channel is gradually increased from one side of the distribution fence close to the distribution port to one side of the distribution fence far away from the distribution port; the first diversion island of the anode plate is a hydrogen diversion island 015, and the diversion port of the hydrogen diversion island 015 is a hydrogen diversion port 014; the first shunting island of the cathode plate is an air shunting island 004, and a shunting port of the air shunting island 004 is an air shunting port 007; the back of the strip-shaped boss of the first diversion island is provided with a reverse concave station, and the reverse concave station on the anode plate and the reverse concave station on the cathode plate are supported in a staggered manner to form a diversion channel of cooling water. The second flow-dividing island comprises a flow-collecting port, strip-shaped bosses and a distribution fence, the strip-shaped bosses are discontinuous and have unequal intervals, a plurality of strip-shaped bosses are parallel to each other, flow-collecting channels are formed between adjacent strip-shaped bosses, the flow-collecting channels are communicated with the outlet area through the flow-collecting port, and the flow-collecting channels are communicated with the intermediate reaction area through the distribution fence; the width of the flow collecting channel is gradually increased from one side of the distribution fence close to the flow collecting port to one side of the distribution fence far away from the flow collecting port; the second flow splitting island of the anode plate is a hydrogen flow splitting island 015, and a flow collecting port of the hydrogen flow splitting island 015 is a hydrogen flow collecting port 017; the second diversion island of the cathode plate is an air diversion island 004, and the collecting port of the air diversion island 004 is an air collecting port 012; the back of the strip-shaped boss of the second flow-dividing island is provided with a reverse concave station, and the reverse concave station on the anode plate and the reverse concave station on the cathode plate are supported in a staggered manner to form a flow-collecting channel of cooling water. The strip-shaped bosses of the diversion island are discontinuous strip-shaped bosses with unequal intervals, which is favorable for distributing or collecting the gas in the diversion island; the first diversion island is internally provided with the diversion port, so that the pressure, flow and speed of airflow in each flow channel can be distributed more uniformly when the gas reaches the reaction zone; and a flow collecting port is arranged in the second flow dividing island, so that the recovery rate of gas can be further improved, and the loss is effectively reduced.
The inlet region includes a hydrogen inlet 001, a cooling water inlet 003 and an air inlet 005, the cooling water inlet 003 being disposed between the hydrogen inlet 001 and the air inlet 005; the outlet region comprises a hydrogen outlet 010, a cooling water outlet 011 and an air outlet 013, wherein the cooling water outlet 011 is arranged between the hydrogen outlet 010 and the air outlet 013; the hydrogen inlet 001 and the hydrogen outlet 010 are symmetrically disposed with respect to the center diagonal of the metal matrix bipolar plate, and the air inlet 005 and the air outlet 013 are symmetrically disposed with respect to the center diagonal of the metal matrix bipolar plate. The area ratio of the air inlet 005 to the hydrogen inlet 001 is 2:1 to 3:1, so that the volume of oxygen in the air participating in the reaction is close to the volume of hydrogen, and the reaction is more complete.
The surfaces of the anode plate and the cathode plate are respectively coated with a nano coating, and the coating material has high conductivity, high corrosion resistance and high adhesive force, so that the electrochemical reaction is more stable, and the service life of the bipolar plate is prolonged. The thickness of the anode plate and the cathode plate is 1mm, the weight and the volume of the bipolar plate are greatly reduced due to the design of the ultrathin base material, and the cost of the bipolar plate can be effectively controlled. The welding tracks are arranged at the corresponding positions of the anode plate and the cathode plate, and the anode plate and the cathode plate are connected in a welding mode through the welding tracks, so that a good sealing effect is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the assembly precision is guaranteed. The anode plate and the cathode plate are provided with positioning holes 006 through which the bipolar plate can be connected with other equipment; preferably, the positioning hole 006 is a welding positioning hole. Hydrogen inlet 001, cooling water inlet 003, air inlet 005, hydrogen export 010, cooling water export 011 and air export 013 all are provided with seal ring groove 002, be provided with sealing element in the seal ring groove 002 to guarantee that inlet channel and outlet channel, inlet channel and outlet channel have good relation of connection with the bipolar plate, avoid gas overflow or rivers to flow.
The preferred embodiment:
according to the utility model provides a metal matrix bipolar plate, include negative plate and the anode plate of being made by sheet metal. The selection of the bipolar plate comprises the selection of the plate type and the selection of the plate thickness, and the plate of the punched metal matrix bipolar plate can be stainless steel, titanium (alloy) and aluminum (alloy); because the mechanical strength and the extensibility of different materials are different, the material thickness of selection also is different, the utility model discloses panel thickness is 0.1mm, material saving when guaranteeing intensity.
The metal matrix bipolar plate structure is designed as follows: the structure of the bipolar plate has great influence on the performance of the fuel cell, and the normal performance of the fuel cell can be ensured only by a reasonable bipolar plate structure. A metal matrix bipolar plate which has uniform gas distribution, reasonable structure and simple processing is designed according to theoretical calculation and practical experience. The bipolar plate is suitable for the design of a passenger vehicle stack, the length range of the bipolar plate is 400-180 mm, the width range of the bipolar plate is 100-180mm, and the area of a reaction area is about 150-350cm2。
The bipolar plate is provided with a fuel gas channel, an oxidant gas channel and a cooling medium channel. The fuel gas channel includes a hydrogen inlet 001, a hydrogen flow channel 019, and a hydrogen outlet 010; the oxidizer gas channel includes an air inlet 005, an air flow passage 018, and an air outlet 013; the cooling medium passage includes a cooling water inlet 003, a cooling water flow passage 020, and a cooling water outlet 011. Hydrogen enters through a hydrogen inlet 001 of the anode plate, enters a hydrogen diversion island 015 through a hydrogen diversion port 014 for diffusion, enters a hydrogen flow channel 019 of a hydrogen reaction zone for catalytic reaction, enters a hydrogen collecting port 017 and then flows out of a hydrogen outlet 010, and unreacted hydrogen enters a hydrogen circulating pump of the pile system for recycling; air enters through an air inlet 005 of the cathode plate, enters an air distribution island 004 through an air distribution opening 007 for diffusion, enters an air flow channel 018 of an air reaction area, enters an air collecting opening 012 after catalytic reaction, and then flows out of an air outlet 013 for release; the cooling water gets into the cooling water chamber of negative plate and the interbedded of anode plate from cooling water entry 003, gets into cooling water runner 020 and flows out from cooling water outlet 011 after cooling hydrogen reaction zone and air reaction zone, guarantees that the pile is unlikely to the high heap of temperature, guarantees the stability of pile work.
A hydrogen inlet 001, a cooling water inlet 003 and an air inlet 005 of the bipolar plate are arranged on one side of the bipolar plate, and a hydrogen outlet 010, a cooling water outlet 011 and an air outlet 013 are arranged on the other side of the bipolar plate; the flow-dividing area of the bipolar plate adopts a flow-dividing island design, and the strip-shaped bosses of the flow-dividing island play a role in supporting the flow of hydrogen and oxygen and the proton exchange membrane; the back of the strip-shaped boss of the flow dividing island is a reverse concave platform which plays a role in supporting the cavity of the cooling water flow channel 020. Since the air contains non-reactive gases other than oxygen, the width of the air flow channel 018 is increased, which is beneficial to better electrochemical reaction. The width of the air flow passage 018 is 1.0mm, the width of the hydrogen flow passage 019 is 0.8mm, and the contact area between the oxygen and the proton exchange membrane is increased after the width of the air flow passage 018 is increased. Preferably, the width ratio of the hydrogen inlet 001 to the air inlet 005 is between 1:2 and 1: 3.
The middle reaction area of the bipolar plate is a flow field, the flow field structure adopts a concave-convex structure, the concave part of the flow field is a groove, and the convex part of the flow field is a ridge. The surface of the bipolar plate in the flow field is a gas flow area, and the channel in the middle of the bipolar plate is a cooling water channel 020. The reaction gas can flow and transfer in the groove; the ridge in the flow field is mainly used for current generated by the reaction of the mobile phone fuel cell and transmitting the current out; in order to ensure that the gas is uniformly distributed in the flow field, a flow-dividing island for dispersing the gas is arranged in the bipolar plate, the reaction gas is uniformly input into a groove of the flow field through the flow-dividing island to carry out electrochemical reaction, and the current is collected and transmitted out through a ridge in the flow field; the height error of the flow field ridges is controlled below 0.01mm, the height of each ridge is controlled below 0.5mm, and the mechanical strength of the bipolar plate is improved by performing laser welding treatment on the periphery and the grooves of the bipolar plate in consideration of the pressure applied to the bipolar plate in the working process.
The bipolar plate structure design and stamping process: designing a die for stamping the bipolar plate according to a double-plate structure, wherein the structure comprises an upper die and a lower die; the bipolar plate is punched on a punching machine tool by using a die, the prepared plate is put into the punching machine tool, the working procedures of cutting, punching, bulging and the like are carried out at different stations, and the bipolar plate is finally processed into the target metal matrix bipolar plate by surface coating and welding. Because the bipolar plate is processed by the mold, the processing speed is high, and the production efficiency of the bipolar plate is high, thereby reducing the production cost of the fuel cell. The method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, blanking processing is carried out on the periphery of the bipolar plate to form a rough outline, and then punching is carried out on an inlet area and an outlet area, and a series of punching processes such as stretching and bulging are carried out; the bipolar plate is subjected to nano-scale surface coating to reduce use loss so as to improve the service life of the bipolar plate; and finally, welding the cathode plate and the anode plate together by laser to manufacture the bipolar plate which meets the design requirement, has a smooth surface and high mechanical strength. The bipolar plate has high mechanical strength, so that the phenomenon of extrusion deformation in the battery pack is avoided; the mold processing of the bipolar plate ensures the consistency of the product size, is beneficial to the self-assembly of the cell, greatly reduces the weight and the volume of the bipolar plate by using the 0.1mm ultrathin plate, and improves the weight specific power and the volume specific power of the fuel cell; the bipolar plate processed by the die has wide processing speed, and can be processed in large batch to control the cost of the bipolar plate.
The front flow channel of the metal matrix bipolar plate provided by the utility model adopts a Z-shaped design, which can prolong the retention time of gas in the flow channel and is beneficial to the full reaction of fuel and oxidant; the error of the ridge and the groove of the flow field of the utility model is less than 15um, and the flatness of the bipolar plate is high; the utility model adopts metal thin plate as the base material, the adopted bipolar plate structure can effectively realize the distribution of gas and cooling water, and realize more uniform and stable electrochemical reaction and cooling effect, and meanwhile, the weight and volume of the bipolar plate are greatly reduced by the 0.1mm ultrathin base material, and the cost of the bipolar plate can be effectively controlled; the utility model adopts an advanced welding process, has high production precision, reduces metal loss while ensuring the tolerance of the contact surface, and greatly prolongs the service life of the bipolar plate; the utility model uses the nano coating film coating technology to coat the surface of the bipolar plate, and the coating material has high conductivity, high corrosion resistance and high adhesive force, thus leading the electrochemical reaction to be more stable and prolonging the service life of the bipolar plate; the utility model discloses a technique such as punching press, welding and surface coating processes, and technology is stable, and the expense is low, and precision is high, applicable in large-scale production and satisfy each trade to bipolar plate's demand, manufacturing cost reduces substantially, helps promoting the application of metal bipolar plate in fuel cell.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments of the invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A metal matrix bipolar plate is characterized by comprising an anode plate and a cathode plate which are made of metal, wherein the anode plate and the cathode plate respectively comprise an intermediate reaction area, a first shunting island, a second shunting island, an inlet area and an outlet area, the inlet area is communicated with the intermediate reaction area through the first shunting island, and the intermediate reaction area is communicated with the outlet area through the second shunting island;
the middle reaction zone is provided with a plurality of grooves and ridges, the ridges on the front side form grooves on the back side, the grooves on the front side form ridges on the back side, the grooves and the ridges on the front side form flow channels on the front side, and the flow channels on the front side are Z-shaped flow channels;
the front flow channel of the anode plate is a hydrogen flow channel (019), and the front flow channel of the cathode plate is an air flow channel (018); after the anode plate is attached to the back of the cathode plate, the grooves and the ridges on the back of the two electrode plates form a cooling water flow channel (020);
the groove width of the front surface of the anode plate is smaller than that of the cathode plate, and the ridge width of the front surface of the anode plate is larger than that of the cathode plate;
the middle reaction area of the anode plate is a hydrogen reaction area, and the middle reaction area of the cathode plate is an air reaction area.
2. The metal matrix bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein the grooves on the back of the anode plate are opposite the grooves on the back of the cathode plate and the ridges on the back of the anode plate are opposite the ridges on the back of the cathode plate after the anode plate is attached to the back of the cathode plate.
3. The metal matrix bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein said first current-dividing island comprises current-dividing openings, strip-shaped bosses and distribution fences, said strip-shaped bosses are non-equidistant and discontinuous strip-shaped bosses, a plurality of strip-shaped bosses are parallel to each other, current-dividing channels are formed between adjacent strip-shaped bosses, the current-dividing channels communicate with the inlet region through the current-dividing openings, and the current-dividing channels communicate with the intermediate reaction region through the distribution fences;
the width of the distribution channel is gradually increased from one side of the distribution fence close to the distribution port to one side of the distribution fence far away from the distribution port;
the first flow splitting island of the anode plate is a hydrogen flow splitting island (015), and the flow splitting port of the hydrogen flow splitting island (015) is a hydrogen flow splitting port (014); the first shunting island of the cathode plate is an air shunting island (004), and a shunting port of the air shunting island (004) is an air shunting port (007);
the back of the strip-shaped boss of the first diversion island is provided with a reverse concave station, and the reverse concave station on the anode plate and the reverse concave station on the cathode plate are supported in a staggered manner to form a diversion channel of cooling water.
4. The metal matrix bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein said second current-dividing island comprises a current-collecting port, strip-shaped bosses and distribution fences, said strip-shaped bosses are non-equidistant and discontinuous strip-shaped bosses, a plurality of strip-shaped bosses are parallel to each other, current-collecting channels are formed between adjacent strip-shaped bosses, the current-collecting channels communicate with the outlet zone through the current-collecting port, and the current-collecting channels communicate with the intermediate reaction zone through the distribution fences;
the width of the flow collecting channel is gradually increased from one side of the distribution fence close to the flow collecting port to one side of the distribution fence far away from the flow collecting port;
the second flow splitting island of the anode plate is a hydrogen flow splitting island (015), and the flow collecting port of the hydrogen flow splitting island (015) is a hydrogen flow collecting port (017); the second shunting island of the cathode plate is an air shunting island (004), and the collecting port of the air shunting island (004) is an air collecting port (012);
the back of the strip-shaped boss of the second flow-dividing island is provided with a reverse concave station, and the reverse concave station on the anode plate and the reverse concave station on the cathode plate are supported in a staggered manner to form a flow-collecting channel of cooling water.
5. The metal matrix bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the inlet region comprises a hydrogen inlet (001), a cooling water inlet (003), and an air inlet (005), the cooling water inlet (003) being disposed between the hydrogen inlet (001) and the air inlet (005);
the outlet region comprises a hydrogen outlet (010), a cooling water outlet (011) and an air outlet (013), the cooling water outlet (011) being disposed between the hydrogen outlet (010) and the air outlet (013);
the hydrogen inlet (001) and the hydrogen outlet (010) are symmetrically distributed relative to the center diagonal of the metal matrix bipolar plate, and the air inlet (005) and the air outlet (013) are symmetrically distributed relative to the center diagonal of the metal matrix bipolar plate.
6. The metal matrix bipolar plate of claim 5, wherein the area ratio of the air inlet (005) to the hydrogen inlet (001) is between 2:1 and 3: 1.
7. The metal matrix bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein the surfaces of said anode and cathode plates are coated with a nanocoating; the thickness of the anode plate and the cathode plate is 1 mm.
8. The metal matrix bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein said anode and cathode plates are provided with registration holes (006).
9. The metal matrix bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein said anode and cathode plates have weld rails disposed at corresponding locations, said anode and cathode plates being welded together by said weld rails.
10. The metal matrix bipolar plate of claim 5, wherein said hydrogen gas inlet (001), cooling water inlet (003), air inlet (005), hydrogen gas outlet (010), cooling water outlet (011), and air outlet (013) are each provided with a seal ring groove (002) in which a sealing element is provided.
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| CN201921224170.2U CN210443621U (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Metal matrix bipolar plate |
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| CN201921224170.2U CN210443621U (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Metal matrix bipolar plate |
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| CN111600046A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-28 | 清华大学山西清洁能源研究院 | Short-distance direct-discharging bipolar plate for fuel cell |
| CN112615021A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-06 | 海卓动力(青岛)能源科技有限公司 | Symmetric fuel cell bipolar plate |
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| CN111600046A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-28 | 清华大学山西清洁能源研究院 | Short-distance direct-discharging bipolar plate for fuel cell |
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| CN114420963A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-29 | 潍坊倍力汽车零部件有限公司 | Forming method of metal bipolar plate of hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN114512691A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-17 | 安徽瑞氢动力科技有限公司 | Bipolar plate sealing groove structure suitable for glue dispensing forming |
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| CN114883592A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-09 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | Plate assembly of fuel cell, and cathode plate and anode plate |
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