CN210129554U - Ammonia fuel cell system and electric device - Google Patents
Ammonia fuel cell system and electric device Download PDFInfo
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- CN210129554U CN210129554U CN201920936590.7U CN201920936590U CN210129554U CN 210129554 U CN210129554 U CN 210129554U CN 201920936590 U CN201920936590 U CN 201920936590U CN 210129554 U CN210129554 U CN 210129554U
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 364
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007175 bidirectional communication Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
本实用新型属于氨分解技术领域，具体涉及一种氨燃料电池系统及电动装置。本实用新型提供的氨燃料电池系统包括氨分解反应装置、加热装置、氢燃料电池、依次连接的DC/DC变换器和逆变器、电池组和换热器，该氨燃料电池系统可以长期稳定运行、形成循环利用，具有灵活性高、能耗低、系统利用率高的优点；本系统的换热器可以使氨分解后产生的能量对氨气进行预热，实现了对余热的回收利用；通过电池组可以使电池组快速响应、稳定输出，快速应对电动装置加速、减速的情况，提高了系统运行稳定性；该系统的电池组或加热装置可以为氨分解反应装置提供能量，无需外界为氨分解反应装置提供能量。
The utility model belongs to the technical field of ammonia decomposition, in particular to an ammonia fuel cell system and an electric device. The ammonia fuel cell system provided by the utility model includes an ammonia decomposition reaction device, a heating device, a hydrogen fuel cell, a DC/DC converter and an inverter connected in sequence, a battery pack and a heat exchanger, and the ammonia fuel cell system can be stable for a long time. It has the advantages of high flexibility, low energy consumption and high system utilization rate; the heat exchanger of this system can preheat the ammonia gas with the energy generated after the decomposition of ammonia, and realize the recovery and utilization of waste heat. ; The battery pack can make the battery pack respond quickly and stably output, quickly respond to the acceleration and deceleration of the electric device, and improve the operating stability of the system; the battery pack or heating device of the system can provide energy for the ammonia decomposition reaction device without external Provide energy for the ammonia decomposition reaction unit.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于氨分解技术领域，具体涉及一种氨燃料电池系统及电动装置。The utility model belongs to the technical field of ammonia decomposition, in particular to an ammonia fuel cell system and an electric device.
背景技术Background technique
燃料电池是一种把燃料所具有的化学能直接转换成电能的化学装置，又称电化学发电器，它是继水力发电、热能发电和原子能发电之后的第四种发电技术。由于燃料电池是通过电化学反应把燃料的化学能中的吉布斯自由能部分转化成电能，不受卡诺循环效应的限制，效率高。另外，燃料电池和氧气作为原料，同时没有机械传动部件，没有噪声污染，排放出的有害气体较少。由此可见，从节约能源和保护生态环境的角度来看，燃料电池具有较好的发展前景。A fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy, also known as an electrochemical generator. It is the fourth power generation technology after hydropower, thermal power and atomic power generation. Since the fuel cell converts the Gibbs free energy of the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction, it is not limited by the Carnot cycle effect and has high efficiency. In addition, fuel cells and oxygen are used as raw materials, and there are no mechanical transmission parts, no noise pollution, and less harmful gas emissions. It can be seen that from the perspective of saving energy and protecting the ecological environment, fuel cells have good development prospects.
燃料电池是一种主要通过氧或其他氧化剂和燃料进行电化学反应，燃料电池是将燃料中的化学能转换成电能的电池，在燃料电池中燃料和空气分别进行送进燃料电池的阳极和阴极，电就会被生产出来。氢燃料是目前燃料电池应用中最理想的燃料，效率高，燃料产物为水，没有灰渣和废气，不会污染环境，并且可以循环使用、来源广，因此，氢燃料被认为是21世纪最理想的能源。但氢的存储技术还存在诸多挑战，常温常压下氢气的体积能量密度为0.0108MJ·L-1，为满足车用燃料电池的续航里程需求，需要将氢气增压至35MPa才能将氢的体积能量密度提升至3MJ·L-1，导致相应的投资成本将加大，且降低了车用燃料电池的安全性。氨作为氢气的替代性燃料，含氢量可达17.6wt％，具有易液化、能量密度高、无碳排放、安全性高、燃料成本低等优势，仅需2MPa即可将氨液化为体积能量密度高达13MJ·L-1的液体，高出压缩储氢3～4倍，是未来车用燃料电池车理想的燃料之一。但氨用于车用燃料电池车时，质子交换膜燃料电池中的全氟磺酸隔膜中的质子会与高浓度氨反应生成NH4 +离子，易导致质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)性能的不可逆衰减。因此，氨燃料电池系统需要耦合氨分解、氨脱除、氢燃料电池等一系列部件装置，这些部件装置的高效集成涉及了复杂的能量管理和系统控制策略，易导致氨燃料电池系统运行不稳定、能耗高。A fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction mainly through oxygen or other oxidants and fuel. A fuel cell is a battery that converts the chemical energy in the fuel into electrical energy. In the fuel cell, the fuel and air are fed into the anode and cathode of the fuel cell respectively. , electricity will be produced. Hydrogen fuel is currently the most ideal fuel for fuel cell applications. It has high efficiency. The fuel product is water, there is no ash and waste gas, it does not pollute the environment, and it can be recycled and has a wide range of sources. ideal energy. However, there are still many challenges in hydrogen storage technology. The volumetric energy density of hydrogen at room temperature and pressure is 0.0108MJ·L -1 . In order to meet the cruising range requirements of vehicle fuel cells, it is necessary to pressurize hydrogen to 35MPa to increase the volume of hydrogen. When the energy density is increased to 3MJ·L -1 , the corresponding investment cost will be increased, and the safety of vehicle fuel cells will be reduced. As an alternative fuel for hydrogen, ammonia has a hydrogen content of up to 17.6wt%. It has the advantages of easy liquefaction, high energy density, no carbon emissions, high safety, and low fuel cost. It only takes 2MPa to liquefy ammonia into volumetric energy. The liquid with a density of up to 13MJ·L -1 is 3 to 4 times higher than compressed hydrogen storage, and is one of the ideal fuels for future automotive fuel cell vehicles. However, when ammonia is used in vehicle fuel cell vehicles, the protons in the perfluorosulfonic acid membrane in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell will react with high concentration of ammonia to generate NH 4 + ions, which may easily lead to poor performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). irreversible decay. Therefore, the ammonia fuel cell system needs to be coupled with a series of components such as ammonia decomposition, ammonia removal, and hydrogen fuel cells. The efficient integration of these components involves complex energy management and system control strategies, which can easily lead to unstable operation of the ammonia fuel cell system. , High energy consumption.
实用新型内容Utility model content
因此，本实用新型要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的氨燃料电池系统变工况性能差、能耗高、启动慢等缺陷，从而提供一种氨燃料电池系统。Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art ammonia fuel cell system, such as poor performance under variable working conditions, high energy consumption, and slow startup, thereby providing an ammonia fuel cell system.
为此，本实用新型提供了以下技术方案。Therefore, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
本实用新型提供了一种氨燃料电池系统，包括，The utility model provides an ammonia fuel cell system, comprising:
氨分解反应装置及控制所述氨分解反应装置内部温度的加热装置；An ammonia decomposition reaction device and a heating device for controlling the internal temperature of the ammonia decomposition reaction device;
氢燃料电池，与所述氨分解反应装置连通，以通过所述氨分解反应装置为所述氢燃料电池提供氢气；a hydrogen fuel cell, in communication with the ammonia decomposition reaction device, so as to provide hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel cell through the ammonia decomposition reaction device;
转变装置，包括依次连接的DC/DC变换器和逆变器，所述DC/DC变换器与所述氢燃料电池连接，以对所述氢燃料电池的电压进行升压；a conversion device, comprising a DC/DC converter and an inverter connected in sequence, the DC/DC converter is connected with the hydrogen fuel cell to boost the voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell;
电池组，与所述逆变器双向连通，以储存所述氢燃料电池产生的电能或将所述电池组内的电能输送至外界；所述电池组和所述加热装置给所述氨分解反应装置提供能量；A battery pack, in bidirectional communication with the inverter, to store the electrical energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell or to transmit the electrical energy in the battery pack to the outside; the battery pack and the heating device contribute to the ammonia decomposition reaction the device provides energy;
换热器，设置于所述氨分解反应装置与所述氢燃料电池之间，所述换热器的一端外连供氨装置，另一端与所述氨分解反应装置的氨气进口连通，以通过所述换热器利用氨分解后产生的能量对氨进行预热，预热后的氨气进入所述氨分解反应装置内部。A heat exchanger is arranged between the ammonia decomposition reaction device and the hydrogen fuel cell, one end of the heat exchanger is externally connected to an ammonia supply device, and the other end is connected to the ammonia gas inlet of the ammonia decomposition reaction device, so as to The energy generated after ammonia decomposition is used to preheat ammonia through the heat exchanger, and the preheated ammonia gas enters the interior of the ammonia decomposition reaction device.
所述氨燃料电池还包括，氨脱除装置，设置于所述换热器与所述氢燃料电池之间，以通过所述氨脱除装置脱除未分解的氨；The ammonia fuel cell further includes an ammonia removal device, which is arranged between the heat exchanger and the hydrogen fuel cell to remove undecomposed ammonia through the ammonia removal device;
脱除氨的方法包括吸附法、络合法和选择性催化氧化法；The methods of removing ammonia include adsorption method, complex method and selective catalytic oxidation method;
吸附法为在在所述氨脱除装置中装填沸石分子筛、活性炭等吸附剂对氨气进行吸附；络合法为采用MgCl2、CuCl2等与氨气发生络合反应对氨气进行脱除；选择性催化氧化法为以V2O5、Cr2O3、MoOx、WOx等过渡金属氧化物为催化剂对氨气进行氧化以脱除氨气。The adsorption method is to fill the zeolite molecular sieve, activated carbon and other adsorbents in the ammonia removal device to adsorb the ammonia gas; the complex method is to use MgCl 2 , CuCl 2 , etc. to undergo a complex reaction with the ammonia gas to remove the ammonia gas. The selective catalytic oxidation method is to use V 2 O 5 , Cr 2 O 3 , MoO x , WO x and other transition metal oxides as catalysts to oxidize ammonia to remove ammonia.
所述氨燃料电池还包括，空气管路，包括第一空气管路和第二空气管路，所述第一空气管路与所述氢燃料电池连通，所述第二空气管路与所述加热装置连通，所述供氨装置和所述氢燃料电池的阳极出气口均与所述第二空气管路连通，以将部分空气、阳极出气口的出口气和部分氨气经过所述换热器换热后进入所述加热装置内部，为所述氨分解反应装置提供能量，所述加热装置为多孔燃烧器或催化燃烧器。The ammonia fuel cell further includes an air pipeline, including a first air pipeline and a second air pipeline, the first air pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell, and the second air pipeline is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell. The heating device is communicated, and the ammonia supply device and the anode gas outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell are both communicated with the second air pipeline, so as to pass part of the air, the outlet gas of the anode gas outlet and part of the ammonia through the heat exchange After exchanging heat, the heater enters into the heating device to provide energy for the ammonia decomposition reaction device, and the heating device is a porous burner or a catalytic burner.
进一步地，所述阳极出气口的出口气与部分氨气的空速比为(6-20)：1；所述阳极出气口的出口气与部分空气的空速比为1：(2-4)。Further, the air velocity ratio of the outlet gas of the anode gas outlet to the partial ammonia gas is (6-20): 1; the air velocity ratio of the outlet gas of the anode gas outlet to the partial air is 1: (2-4 ).
进一步地，所述加热装置为电加热器；所述电池组与所述电加热器连接，以给所述加热装置提供能量；Further, the heating device is an electric heater; the battery pack is connected to the electric heater to provide energy to the heating device;
所述氢燃料电池为质子交换膜燃料电池；The hydrogen fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell;
所述电池组为镍氢电池组或者锂离子电池组。The battery pack is a nickel-hydrogen battery pack or a lithium-ion battery pack.
所述质子交换膜燃料电池为低温全氟酸型PEMFC电池或高温PBI(聚苯并咪唑)型PEMFC电池；The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a low temperature perfluorinated acid type PEMFC cell or a high temperature PBI (polybenzimidazole) type PEMFC cell;
当所述质子交换膜燃料电池为低温全氟酸型PEMFC电池，所述质子交换膜燃料电池的工作温度为50-90℃；When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a low temperature perfluorinated acid type PEMFC cell, the working temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is 50-90°C;
当所述质子交换膜燃料电池为高温PBI(聚苯并咪唑)型PEMFC电池时，所述质子交换膜燃料电池的工作温度为150-190℃。When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a high temperature PBI (polybenzimidazole) type PEMFC cell, the working temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is 150-190°C.
所述氨分解反应装置内装填钌基催化剂，所述氨分解反应装置的工作温度为400-650℃，空速为500-10000mL/(gcat·h)。The ammonia decomposition reaction device is filled with a ruthenium-based catalyst, and the working temperature of the ammonia decomposition reaction device is 400-650° C., and the space velocity is 500-10000 mL/(g cat ·h).
本实用新型还提供了一种电动装置，采用上述的氨燃料电池系统。The utility model also provides an electric device, which adopts the above-mentioned ammonia fuel cell system.
所述电动装置还包括驱动装置，所述驱动装置包括依次连接的电机控制器和驱动电机，所述电机控制器与所述逆变器双向连接，以通过所述电机控制器控制所述驱动电机。The electric device further includes a drive device including a motor controller and a drive motor connected in sequence, and the motor controller is bidirectionally connected with the inverter to control the drive motor through the motor controller .
所述电动装置为电动汽车。The electric device is an electric vehicle.
本实用新型技术方案，具有如下优点：The technical scheme of the utility model has the following advantages:
1.本实用新型提供的氨燃料电池系统，包括氨分解反应装置、加热装置、氢燃料电池、依次连接的DC/DC变换器和逆变器、电池组和换热器，该系统通过将换热器设置在氨分解反应装置和氢燃料电池之间，一端外连供氨装置，另一端与氨分解反应装置氨气进口连通，使氨分解后产生的能量对氨气进行预热，实现了对余热的回收利用；该系统通过电池组与逆变器连通，可以使电池组快速响应、稳定输出，快速应对电动装置加速、减速的情况，提高了系统动态特性及运行稳定性，且电池组可以将氢燃料电池产生的电能或将电池组内的电能输送至外界，实现了电能的最优化利用，提高了系统的利用效率；该系统通过氨分解反应装置与氢燃料电池连通，为氢燃料电池提供氢气，DC/DC变换器与氢燃料电池连接，对氢燃料电池的电压进行升压，可将氢燃料电池产生的电能输送至外界，且电池组或加热装置可以为氨分解反应装置提供能量，无需外界为氨分解反应装置提供能量。该氨燃料电池系统可以长期稳定运行、形成循环利用，具有灵活性高、能耗低、系统利用率高的优点。1. The ammonia fuel cell system provided by the present utility model comprises an ammonia decomposition reaction device, a heating device, a hydrogen fuel cell, a DC/DC converter and an inverter, a battery pack and a heat exchanger connected in turn, and the system passes the exchange The heater is arranged between the ammonia decomposition reaction device and the hydrogen fuel cell, one end is connected to the ammonia supply device, and the other end is connected to the ammonia gas inlet of the ammonia decomposition reaction device, so that the energy generated after the ammonia decomposition can preheat the ammonia gas, realizing Recycling and utilization of waste heat; the system is connected to the inverter through the battery pack, which can make the battery pack respond quickly and stably output, quickly respond to the acceleration and deceleration of the electric device, improve the dynamic characteristics and operation stability of the system, and the battery pack The electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell or the electric energy in the battery pack can be transported to the outside world, realizing the optimal utilization of electric energy and improving the utilization efficiency of the system; the system is connected with the hydrogen fuel cell through the ammonia decomposition reaction device, which is the hydrogen fuel The battery provides hydrogen, and the DC/DC converter is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell to boost the voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, which can transmit the electrical energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell to the outside world, and the battery pack or heating device can provide the ammonia decomposition reaction device. energy, without the need for external energy to provide energy for the ammonia decomposition reaction device. The ammonia fuel cell system can operate stably for a long time and form a cyclic utilization, and has the advantages of high flexibility, low energy consumption, and high system utilization rate.
2.本实用新型提供的氨燃料电池系统，该系统通过设置氨脱除装置可以有效避免对PEMFC的毒化或采用高温PBI型PEMFC可以提高燃料电池对氨中毒的耐受能力，从而提高氨燃料电池系统的耐氨气毒性；2. The ammonia fuel cell system provided by the utility model can effectively avoid the poisoning of the PEMFC by setting the ammonia removal device or adopt the high temperature PBI type PEMFC to improve the tolerance of the fuel cell to ammonia poisoning, thereby improving the ammonia fuel cell. The system's resistance to ammonia gas toxicity;
该系统通过将加热装置设置为多孔燃烧器或催化燃烧器，可以实现氢燃料电池尾气的再次利用，可以提高燃料的利用率；By setting the heating device as a porous burner or a catalytic burner, the system can realize the reuse of the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel cell, and can improve the utilization rate of the fuel;
该系统当电池组与加热装置连通时，可以在5min内使氨分解反应装置达到反应温度，当达到反应温度后仅需要电池组启动时的1/5电能就可以维持氨分解反应，启动快、耗能少、效率高。When the battery pack is connected to the heating device, the system can make the ammonia decomposition reaction device reach the reaction temperature within 5 minutes. When the reaction temperature is reached, only 1/5 of the electric energy when the battery pack is started can maintain the ammonia decomposition reaction. Low energy consumption and high efficiency.
3.本实用新型提供的电动装置，包括驱动装置，驱动装置包括依次连接的电机控制器和驱动电机，电机控制器与逆变器双向连接，以通过电机控制器控制驱动电机，该驱动装置可以控制电动装置的加速、减速情况，同时当电动装置减速时，可以回收减速的电能，电能利用效率高。3. The electric device provided by the utility model includes a drive device, the drive device includes a motor controller and a drive motor connected in sequence, and the motor controller and the inverter are bidirectionally connected to control the drive motor through the motor controller, and the drive device can be The acceleration and deceleration of the electric device are controlled, and when the electric device decelerates, the decelerated electric energy can be recovered, and the electric energy utilization efficiency is high.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本实用新型的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following descriptions The accompanying drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
图1是本实用新型实施例1中氨燃料电池系统的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia fuel cell system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2是本实用新型实施例2中氨燃料电池系统的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia fuel cell system in
图3是本实用新型实施例3中氨燃料电池系统的结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia fuel cell system in
附图标记如下：The reference numbers are as follows:
1-氨分解反应装置；2-加热装置；3-氢燃料电池；4-DC/DC变换器；5-逆变器；6-电池组；7-换热器；8-储氨罐；9-氨脱除装置；10-电机控制器；11-驱动电机。1- Ammonia decomposition reaction device; 2- Heating device; 3- Hydrogen fuel cell; 4- DC/DC converter; 5- Inverter; 6- Battery pack; 7- Heat exchanger; 8- Ammonia storage tank; 9 - Ammonia removal device; 10 - Motor controller; 11 - Drive motor.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本实用新型，并不局限于所述最佳实施方式，不对本实用新型的内容和保护范围构成限制，任何人在本实用新型的启示下或是将本实用新型与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本实用新型相同或相近似的产品，均落在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present utility model, and are not limited to the best mode of implementation, and do not limit the content and protection scope of the present utility model. Anyone under the inspiration of the present utility model or Any product identical or similar to the present utility model obtained by combining the features of the present utility model with other prior art features falls within the protection scope of the present utility model.
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。If the specific experimental steps or conditions are not indicated in the examples, it can be carried out according to the operations or conditions of the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in this field. The reagents or instruments used without the manufacturer's indication are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained from the market.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供了一种氨燃料电池系统，如图1所示，包括，This embodiment provides an ammonia fuel cell system, as shown in FIG. 1 , including:
氨分解反应装置1及控制氨分解反应装置内部温度的加热装置2；具体地，本实施例中加热装置为电加热器，氨分解反应装置内装填钌基催化剂，工作温度为500℃；Ammonia decomposition reaction device 1 and
氢燃料电池3，与氨分解反应装置连通，以通过氨分解反应装置为氢燃料电池提供氢气，同时也与空气管路连通；具体地，在本实施例中，氢燃料电池为低温全氟酸PEMFC(质子交换膜燃料电池)，低温全氟酸PEMFC的工作温度为80℃，阳极流道与空气管路连通，阴极流道与空气管路连通；The
转变装置，包括依次连接的DC/DC变换器4和逆变器5，DC/DC变换器与氢燃料电池连接，以对氢燃料电池的电压进行升压；The conversion device includes a DC/
电池组6，与逆变器双向连通，以储存氢燃料电池产生的电能或将电池组内的电能输送至外界；电池组与电加热器连接，给氨分解反应装置提供能量；具体地，在本实施例中，电池组为镍氢电池；The
换热器7，设置于氨分解反应装置与氢燃料电池之间，换热器的一端外连供氨装置，另一端与氨分解反应装置的氨气进口连通，以通过换热器利用氨分解后产生的能量对氨进行预热，预热后的氨气进入氨分解反应装置内部；具体地，在本实施例中，供氨装置为储氨罐8；The
氨脱除装置9，设置于换热器与氢燃料电池之间，以通过氨脱除装置脱除未分解的氨；具体地，在本实施例中，氨脱除采用吸附法，在氨脱除装置中装填沸石分子筛，用来吸附氮氢混合物中的氨气，可使氮氢混合物中氨气的含量低于0.1ppm；The ammonia removal device 9 is arranged between the heat exchanger and the hydrogen fuel cell to remove undecomposed ammonia through the ammonia removal device; In addition, the device is filled with zeolite molecular sieves, which are used to adsorb ammonia in the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture, so that the ammonia content in the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture can be lower than 0.1ppm;
本实施例还提供了一种包含上述氨燃料电池系统的电动装置，具体地，本实施例中电动装置为电动汽车，电动汽车还包括，This embodiment also provides an electric device including the above-mentioned ammonia fuel cell system. Specifically, in this embodiment, the electric device is an electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle further includes:
驱动装置，驱动装置包括依次连接的电机控制器10和驱动电机11，电机控制器与逆变器双向连接，以通过电机控制器控制驱动电机。The driving device includes a
镍氢电池启动后开始为电加热器供电，电加热器对氨分解反应装置进行加热，5min内氨分解反应装置达到500℃，当氨分解反应装置达到设定温度后，镍氢电池只要保持启动时功率的1/5就可以保证氨分解反应装置温度稳定，使氨分解反应正常进行；氨分解反应装置达到500℃后开始反应产生氮氢混合物，为PEMFC提供燃料，PEMFC开始工作，PEMFC为镍氢电池充电至SOC高于90％，该系统可以的配置：PEMFC的功率为120kW，电池组为60kWh，驱动电机额定功率为120kW。After the nickel-hydrogen battery is started, it starts to supply power to the electric heater. The electric heater heats the ammonia decomposition reaction device. The ammonia decomposition reaction device reaches 500°C within 5 minutes. When the ammonia decomposition reaction device reaches the set temperature, the nickel-hydrogen battery only needs to keep starting. 1/5 of the power can ensure that the temperature of the ammonia decomposition reaction device is stable, so that the ammonia decomposition reaction can proceed normally; when the ammonia decomposition reaction device reaches 500 ℃, it starts to react to produce a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture, which provides fuel for the PEMFC, and the PEMFC starts to work, and the PEMFC is nickel. The hydrogen battery is charged to a SOC above 90%, and the system can be configured with a power of 120kW for the PEMFC, a 60kWh battery pack, and a drive motor rated for 120kW.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例提供了一种氨燃料电池系统，如图2所示，包括，This embodiment provides an ammonia fuel cell system, as shown in FIG. 2 , including:
氨分解反应装置1及控制氨分解反应装置内部温度的加热装置2；具体地，本实施例中加热装置为燃料加热器，氨分解反应装置内装填钌基催化剂，工作温度为500℃；Ammonia decomposition reaction device 1 and
氢燃料电池3，与氨分解反应装置连通，以通过氨分解反应装置为氢燃料电池提供氢气；具体地，在本实施例中，氢燃料电池为低温全氟酸PEMFC(质子交换膜燃料电池)，低温全氟酸PEMFC的工作温度为80℃；The
转变装置，包括依次连接的DC/DC变换器4和逆变器5，DC/DC变换器与氢燃料电池连接，以对氢燃料电池的电压进行升压；The conversion device includes a DC/
电池组6，与逆变器双向连通，以储存氢燃料电池产生的电能或将电池组内的电能输送至外界；具体地，在本实施例中，电池组为锂离子电池；The
换热器7，设置于氨分解反应装置与氢燃料电池之间，换热器的一端外连供氨装置，另一端与氨分解反应装置的氨气进口连通，以通过换热器利用氨分解后产生的能量对氨进行预热，预热后的氨气进入氨分解反应装置内部；具体地，在本实施例中，供氨装置为储氨罐8；The
氨脱除装置9，设置于换热器与氢燃料电池之间，以通过氨脱除装置脱除未分解的氨；具体地，在本实施例中，氨脱除可采用选择性催化氧化法，以Cr2O3作催化剂，通过掺混1％的空气，在300℃下对氨气进行氧化，可将氨浓度小于1ppm；作为可替代的方案，本实施例中，氨脱除也采用络合法，在氨脱除装置中装有MgCl2，当氨气通过氨脱除装置时与MgCl2发生络合反应，可使氮氢混合物中氨气的含量低于0.3ppm；The ammonia removal device 9 is arranged between the heat exchanger and the hydrogen fuel cell to remove undecomposed ammonia through the ammonia removal device; specifically, in this embodiment, the selective catalytic oxidation method can be used for ammonia removal , using Cr 2 O 3 as the catalyst, by mixing 1% air, the ammonia gas is oxidized at 300 ℃, and the ammonia concentration can be less than 1ppm; as an alternative solution, in this embodiment, the ammonia removal also adopts In the complex method, MgCl 2 is installed in the ammonia removal device, and when the ammonia gas passes through the ammonia removal device, a complex reaction occurs with MgCl 2 , so that the content of ammonia in the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture can be lower than 0.3ppm;
空气管路，包括第一空气管路和第二空气管路，第一空气管路与氢燃料电池连通，第二空气管路与燃烧加热器连通，供氨装置和氢燃料电池的阳极出气口均与第二空气管路连通，以将部分空气、阳极出气口的出口气和部分氨气经过换热器换热后进入加热装置内部，为氨分解反应装置提供能量；具体地，在本实施例中，部分空气、阳极出气口的出口气和部分氨气的空速比为3:10:1；加热装置为多孔燃烧器；Air pipeline, including a first air pipeline and a second air pipeline, the first air pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell, the second air pipeline is communicated with the combustion heater, the ammonia supply device and the anode air outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell They are all connected with the second air pipeline, so that part of the air, the outlet gas of the anode air outlet and part of the ammonia gas enter the heating device after heat exchange by the heat exchanger, so as to provide energy for the ammonia decomposition reaction device; specifically, in this implementation In the example, the air velocity ratio of part of the air, the outlet air of the anode outlet and part of the ammonia is 3:10:1; the heating device is a porous burner;
本实施例还提供了一种包含上述氨燃料电池系统的电动汽车，还包括，This embodiment also provides an electric vehicle comprising the above-mentioned ammonia fuel cell system, further comprising:
驱动装置，驱动装置包括依次连接的电机控制器10和驱动电机11，电机控制器与逆变器双向连接，以通过电机控制器控制驱动电机。The driving device includes a
使空气、氢燃料电池阳极出气口排出的尾气和氨气在燃烧加热器中进行混合、燃烧，燃烧放出的热量可以保证氨分解反应装置温度稳定，使氨分解反应正常进行；氨分解反应装置达到500℃后开始反应产生氮氢混合物，为PEMFC提供燃料，PEMFC开始工作，PEMFC为锂离子电池充电至SOC高于90％，该系统可以的配置：PEMFC的功率120kW，燃烧器20kW，电池组50kWh，驱动电机额定功率120kW。The exhaust gas and ammonia gas discharged from the anode outlet of the air and hydrogen fuel cells are mixed and burned in the combustion heater, and the heat released by the combustion can ensure the stable temperature of the ammonia decomposition reaction device, so that the ammonia decomposition reaction can be carried out normally; After 500 ℃, the reaction starts to produce nitrogen-hydrogen mixture, which provides fuel for PEMFC. PEMFC starts to work. PEMFC charges lithium-ion battery to SOC higher than 90%. The system can be configured: PEMFC power 120kW, burner 20kW, battery pack 50kWh , the rated power of the drive motor is 120kW.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例提供了一种氨燃料电池系统，如图3所示，包括，This embodiment provides an ammonia fuel cell system, as shown in FIG. 3 , including:
氨分解反应装置1及控制氨分解反应装置内部温度的加热装置2；具体地，本实施例中加热装置为电加热器，氨分解反应装置内装填钌基催化剂，工作温度为500℃；Ammonia decomposition reaction device 1 and
氢燃料电池3，与氨分解反应装置连通，以通过氨分解反应装置为氢燃料电池提供氢气，同时也与空气管路连通；具体地，在本实施例中，氢燃料电池为高温PBI-PEMFC，高温PBI-PEMFC的工作温度为180℃；The
转变装置，包括依次连接的DC/DC变换器4和逆变器5，DC/DC变换器与氢燃料电池连接，以对氢燃料电池的电压进行升压；The conversion device includes a DC/
电池组6，与逆变器双向连通，以储存氢燃料电池产生的电能或将电池组内的电能输送至外界；电池组与电加热器连接，给氨分解反应装置提供能量；具体地，在本实施例中，电池组为镍氢电池；The
换热器7，设置于氨分解反应装置与氢燃料电池之间，换热器的一端外连供氨装置，另一端与氨分解反应装置的氨气进口连通，以通过换热器利用氨分解后产生的能量对氨进行预热，预热后的氨气进入氨分解反应装置内部；具体地，在本实施例中，供氨装置为储氨罐8；The
本实施例还提供了一种包含上述氨燃料电池系统的电动装置，具体还包括，This embodiment also provides an electric device including the above-mentioned ammonia fuel cell system, which further includes:
驱动装置，驱动装置包括依次连接的电机控制器10和驱动电机11，电机控制器与逆变器双向连接，以通过电机控制器控制驱动电机。The driving device includes a
镍氢电池启动后开始为电加热器供电，电加热器对氨分解反应装置进行加热，5min内氨分解反应装置达到500℃，当氨分解反应装置达到设定温度后，镍氢电池只要保持启动时功率的1/5就可以保证氨分解反应装置温度稳定，使氨分解反应正常进行；氨分解反应装置达到500℃后开始反应产生氮氢混合物，为PEMFC提供燃料，PEMFC开始工作，PEMFC为镍氢电池充电至SOC高于90％，该系统可以的配置：PEMFC的功率为120kW，电池组为60kWh，驱动电机额定功率为120kW。After the nickel-hydrogen battery is started, it starts to supply power to the electric heater. The electric heater heats the ammonia decomposition reaction device. The ammonia decomposition reaction device reaches 500°C within 5 minutes. When the ammonia decomposition reaction device reaches the set temperature, the nickel-hydrogen battery only needs to keep starting. 1/5 of the power can ensure that the temperature of the ammonia decomposition reaction device is stable, so that the ammonia decomposition reaction can proceed normally; when the ammonia decomposition reaction device reaches 500 ℃, it starts to react to produce a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture, which provides fuel for the PEMFC, and the PEMFC starts to work, and the PEMFC is nickel. The hydrogen battery is charged to a SOC above 90%, and the system can be configured with a power of 120kW for the PEMFC, a 60kWh battery pack, and a drive motor rated for 120kW.
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, and are not intended to limit the implementation manner. For those of ordinary skill in the art, changes or modifications in other different forms can also be made on the basis of the above description. There is no need and cannot be exhaustive of all implementations here. However, the obvious changes or changes derived from this are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| WO2023040919A1 (en) * | 2021-09-20 | 2023-03-23 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Energy storage systems and ammonia-powered electric vehicles including the same |
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| WO2023040919A1 (en) * | 2021-09-20 | 2023-03-23 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Energy storage systems and ammonia-powered electric vehicles including the same |
| US12255366B2 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2025-03-18 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Energy storage systems and ammonia-powered electric vehicles including the same |
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