CN210027907U

CN210027907U - Folding propeller assembly, power assembly and unmanned aerial vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN210027907U
Application number: CN201920697844.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李强; 韩杰星; 陈鹏
Original assignee: Shenzhen Dajiang Innovations Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Dajiang Innovations Technology Co Ltd; SZ DJI Innovations Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-05-14
Filing date: 2019-05-14
Publication date: 2020-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 2029-05-14

Abstract

The utility model discloses a foldable screw subassembly, power component and unmanned vehicles. The foldable propeller assembly comprises a mounting seat, at least two blades and a fixing piece, wherein each blade is provided with a root part, the root part is provided with a mounting part, a mounting hole is formed in the mounting part, the fixing piece is rotatably arranged in the mounting hole in a penetrating mode and fixedly connected with the mounting seat, and each blade is rotatably arranged on the mounting seat through the fixing piece. The power component comprises a motor, at least two blades and a fixing piece, the motor comprises a mounting seat, the blades are provided with roots, the roots are provided with mounting portions, mounting holes are formed in the mounting portions, the fixing piece rotatably penetrates through the mounting holes and is fixedly connected with the mounting seat, and the fixing piece rotatably installs the blades on the mounting seat. The unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a fuselage and a horn, wherein the horn is connected with the fuselage, and the horn is provided with any one of the power assemblies. The mounting hole of the root of mounting and paddle can be with the paddle fixed to the mount pad, comparatively simple during the installation.

Description

Folding propeller assembly, power assembly and unmanned aerial vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a power component technical field, concretely relates to foldable screw subassembly, power component and unmanned vehicles.

Background

At present, when the screw on many rotor crafts is deposited in the transportation, often need fold, folding can avoid dismantling repeatedly of screw, greatly increased the use convenience. However, the common folding paddle requires a two-piece paddle clip structure, which is relatively heavy and complex to install and increases cost for smaller sized aircraft.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a foldable screw subassembly, power component and unmanned vehicles.

An embodiment of the utility model provides a foldable screw assembly, it includes mount pad, two at least paddles and mounting, each the paddle is equipped with the root, the root is equipped with the installation department, the mounting hole has been seted up to the installation department, the mounting rotationally wears to locate the mounting hole and with mount pad fixed connection, the mounting is with each the paddle is rotationally installed the mount pad.

The utility model discloses a foldable screw subassembly utilizes the mounting hole of mounting and root can be fixed the paddle to the mount pad on, and is comparatively simple when such structural style installs, can reduce foldable screw subassembly's cost.

In some embodiments, the mount is for fixedly connecting a rotor of an electric machine; or

The mounting seat is used for fixedly connecting a stator of the motor; or

The mounting base is or is part of the rotor of the motor, or

The mounting seat is a stator of the motor or a part of the stator of the motor.

In some embodiments, the fixing member includes an optical rod portion and a locking portion, the mounting seat is provided with a connecting hole, the mounting hole is aligned with the connecting hole, the optical rod portion is located in the mounting hole and is in relative sliding contact with a hole wall of the mounting hole, and the locking portion is connected in the connecting hole.

In some embodiments, the optical lever portion has a larger outer dimension than the locking portion.

In some embodiments, the mounting seat is provided with a receiving cavity and a through hole communicated with the receiving cavity, and the through hole penetrates through a top wall of the mounting seat on which the blade is mounted.

In some embodiments, the mounting base includes a top wall formed with first and second cross-linked connecting arms, the first connecting arm having a width greater than a width of the second connecting arm, and the two paddles are spaced apart along a length of the first connecting arm.

In some embodiments, the first connecting arm is perpendicular to the second connecting arm.

In certain embodiments, the root portion has a thickness of 1 to 3 millimeters.

In some embodiments, the blade and the root are uniformly transitionally connected.

In certain embodiments, the paddle is in frictional contact with a surface of the mount.

An embodiment of the utility model provides a power assembly, it includes motor, two at least paddles and mounting, the motor includes the mount pad, the paddle is equipped with the root, the root is equipped with the installation department, the mounting hole has been seted up to the installation department, the mounting is rotationally worn to establish the mounting hole and with mount pad fixed connection, the mounting will the paddle is rotationally installed the mount pad.

The utility model discloses a power component's the mounting hole that utilizes the root of mounting and paddle can be fixed the paddle to the mount pad on, comparatively simple when such structural style installs, can reduce power component's cost.

In some embodiments, the mounting is or is part of the rotor of the electrical machine, or

The mounting seat is the stator of the motor or a part of the stator of the motor.

In some embodiments, the fixing member includes a polished rod portion and a locking portion, the mounting base is provided with a connecting hole, the mounting hole is aligned with the connecting hole, the polished rod portion is located in the mounting hole and is in relative sliding contact with a hole wall of the mounting hole, and the locking portion is connected in the connecting hole.

An embodiment of the utility model provides an unmanned vehicles, it includes fuselage and horn, the horn is connected the fuselage, install above-mentioned arbitrary any on the horn power component.

The utility model discloses an unmanned vehicles's power component utilizes the mounting hole of the root of mounting and paddle to fix the paddle to the mount pad on, comparatively simple when such structural style installs, can reduce unmanned vehicles's cost.

Additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of the invention.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

fig. 1 is a perspective view of a foldable propeller assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a folding propeller assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is yet another exploded schematic view of a folding propeller assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a folding propeller assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a fixing member according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a mount of an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the main elements of the drawings:

unmanned vehicles 1000, fuselage 1001, horn 1002, power component 100, motor 101, foldable propeller component 10, mount pad 11, connecting hole 111, internal thread 1111, accommodation cavity 112, through-hole 113, roof 114, first connecting arm 115, second connecting arm 116, stator installation portion 117, paddle 12, root 121, installation portion 122, mounting hole 1221, mounting piece 13, polished rod portion 131, locking portion 132, external thread 1321.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and to simplify the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected. Either mechanically or electrically. Either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood as specific conditions by those of ordinary skill in the art.

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or reference letters in the various examples, which have been repeated for purposes of simplicity and clarity and do not in themselves dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, the present disclosure provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize applications of other processes and/or use of other materials.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides a foldable propeller assembly 10, where the foldable propeller assembly 10 includes a mounting base 11, at least two blades 12 and a fixing member 13, each blade 12 is provided with a root portion 121, the root portion 121 is provided with an installation portion 122, the installation portion 122 is provided with an installation hole 1221, the fixing member 13 rotatably penetrates through the installation hole 1221 and is fixedly connected to the mounting base 11, and the fixing member 13 rotatably installs each blade 12 on the mounting base 11.

The utility model discloses a foldable screw subassembly 10 utilizes mounting hole 1221 of mounting 13 and root 121 to fix paddle 12 to mount pad 11 on, and is comparatively simple when such structural style installs, can reduce foldable screw subassembly 10's cost.

Insert mounting hole 1221 through mounting 13 and can realize the fixed of paddle 12 and mount pad 11, so conveniently pull down paddle 12 from installation department 122 or install paddle 12 on installation department 122, so more swift, promote user experience.

Further, in the present embodiment, the mounting portion 122 has a cylindrical shape. The cylindrical structure is simple. It is understood that the mounting portion 122 may not be only cylindrical, but the mounting portion 122 may be shaped according to different situations. For example, the mounting portion 122 may have other regular or irregular shapes such as a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The specific shape of the mounting portion 122 is not limited herein.

In some embodiments, the mounting base 11 is used to fixedly attach the rotor of the motor 101.

In some embodiments, the mounting base 11 is used to fixedly attach a stator of the motor 101.

In some embodiments, mount 11 is a rotor of motor 101 or is part of a rotor of motor 101.

In some embodiments, mount 11 is a stator of motor 101 or is a portion of a stator of motor 101.

In this way, the motor 101 can be made to drive the mount 11 and the paddle 12 to rotate together.

In the illustrated embodiment, the mounting 11 is a part of the rotor of the motor 101, serving as a rotor housing.

Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 5, in some embodiments, the fixing member 13 includes a polished rod portion 131 and a locking portion 132, the mounting base 11 has a connecting hole 111, the mounting hole 1221 is aligned with the connecting hole 111, the polished rod portion 131 is located in the mounting hole 1221 and is in relative sliding contact with a wall of the mounting hole 1221, and the locking portion 132 is connected in the connecting hole 111.

The mounting holes 1221 are aligned with the coupling holes 111, so that the fixing member 13 can be inserted through the mounting holes 1221 and coupled with the coupling holes 111. The polished rod part 131 can be in relative sliding contact with the hole wall of the mounting hole 1221, so that the blade 12 can be conveniently rotated relative to the polished rod part 131, and the blade 12 can be folded and unfolded. The illustrated blades 12 are shown in an open position, with two blades 12, and two blades 12 are 180 degrees apart when open. When blades 12 are in a folded position, the angle between two blades 12 may be less than 180 degrees, e.g., two blades 12 may be folded into a parallel position with the angle between two blades 12 being 0 degrees. When the motor 101 is turned on, centrifugal force may drive the paddles 12 from a folded state to an open state. It is understood that when the number of the paddles 12 is two or more, the paddles 12 are in the opened state in a state where the paddles 12 are balanced in a process in which the centrifugal force drives the paddles 12 to be switched from the folded state to the opened state when the motor 101 is turned on.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in an example, the locking portion 132 may be provided with an external thread 1321, an internal thread 1111 is provided on a hole wall of the connection hole 111, and the locking portion 132 and the connection hole 111 are in threaded connection with the external thread 1321 through the internal thread 1111, so that the locking portion 132 is conveniently connected with the mounting seat 11 and the locking portion 132 is also conveniently detached from the mounting seat 11.

In other examples, the locking portion 132 and the connecting hole 111 may be connected by snapping or bonding. How the locking portion 132 is connected to the connecting hole 111 is not limited herein.

Further, the fixing member 13 is made of fine steel. The fine steel has high hardness and is friction-resistant, and the fixing piece 13 can prolong the service life of the fixing piece 13 by adopting the fine steel, so that the service life of the folding propeller assembly 10 is prolonged. Of course, the fixing member 13 may be made of not only fine steel. The specific material of the fixing member 13 may be set according to different situations. For example, the fixing member 13 may be made of stainless iron or cast iron. The specific material of the fixing member 13 is not limited herein.

In some embodiments, the outer dimension of the polished rod portion 131 is larger than the outer dimension of the locking portion 132.

With this arrangement, the material of the fixing member 13 can be reduced and there is a size difference between the two, so that a step structure is formed between the optical rod portion 131 and the locking portion 132, and when the fixing member 13 is mounted to the mounting seat 11, the step structure facilitates positioning to the mounting position of the fixing member 13, which can improve the mounting efficiency of the fixing member 13.

Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the polished rod portion 131 and the locking portion 132 are both cylindrical, and the polished rod portion 131 may have an outer dimension of the outer diameter of the polished rod portion 131 and the locking portion 132 may have an outer dimension of the outer diameter of the locking portion 132. In other embodiments, the shape of the locking portion 132 may be other regular or irregular shapes, for example, the regular shape may be a square column shape, the outer dimension of the locking portion 132 may be the circumscribed circle diameter of the square column, and the like.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, in some embodiments, the mounting base 11 is provided with a receiving cavity 112 and a through hole 113 communicating with the receiving cavity 112, and the through hole 113 penetrates through a top wall 114 of the mounting base 11 on which the blade 12 is mounted.

The accommodating cavity 112 is configured to conveniently accommodate a stator or a rotor or a part of the stator or the part of the rotor of the motor 101, or a component of the motor 101, so that the structure of the mounting base 11 and the motor 101 is more compact. The through hole 113 formed in the top wall 114 can reduce weight, and can improve heat dissipation efficiency of the motor 101. In the illustrated embodiment, the housing chamber 112 houses a stator of the electric machine 101. The inner wall of the accommodating cavity 112 may be provided with a magnetic member for generating a magnetic field with the rotor of the motor 101.

Further, a stator mounting portion 117 is connected to the stator of the motor 101, and the stator mounting portion 117 may facilitate mounting the motor 101 to a desired position.

The mounting base 11 may be made of stainless steel. The stainless steel has high hardness, corrosion resistance and strong friction resistance. The mounting base 11 is made of stainless steel to improve the service life of the mounting base 11, and thus the service life of the foldable propeller assembly 10. Of course, the mounting base 11 may be made of stainless steel. The specific material of the mounting seat 11 may be set according to different situations. For example, the mounting seat 11 may be made of stainless iron or cast iron or plastic. The specific material of the mount 11 is not limited herein.

Further, the mounting seat 11 may have a cylindrical shape. The inner space of the cylindrical structure is enlarged, so that the components of the motor 101 can be conveniently accommodated, and the structure of the mounting seat 11 is more compact. It will be appreciated that the mounting 11 may not be cylindrical only. The shape of the mount 11 may be set according to various situations. For example, the mounting seat 11 may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape or the like, and the specific shape of the mounting seat 11 is not limited herein.

Referring further to fig. 6 and 7, in some embodiments, the mounting base 11 includes a top wall 114, the top wall 114 is formed with a first connecting arm 115 and a second connecting arm 116 connected in a cross-over manner, a width a of the first connecting arm 115 is greater than a width b of the second connecting arm 116, and the two paddles 12 are spaced apart along a length of the first connecting arm 115.

The width a of the first connecting arm 115, to which the blade 12 is mounted, is greater, thus increasing the stability of the mounting of the blade 12, while the width b of the second connecting arm 116 is smaller, allowing a reduction in weight. The cross-coupled first and second connecting

arms

115 and 116 may achieve a mount 11 with stable structural strength.

Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the first connecting arm 115 is perpendicular to the second connecting arm 116. The first connecting arm 115 and the second connecting arm 116 connected vertically are easy to mold and manufacture, which is beneficial to reducing the manufacturing cost and improving the manufacturing efficiency, and the vertical structure is easy to enhance the overall strength of the motor 101. The connection between the first connecting arm 115 and the second connecting arm 116 is extended downward to form a supporting shaft, which rotatably penetrates through the stator of the motor 101, so that the supporting shaft rotating together with the mounting base 11 can ensure the rotational stability of the mounting base 11 during the rotation of the mounting base 11. In one example, the support shaft may be rotatably coupled to the stator of the motor 101 via bearings.

Referring to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the root 121 has a thickness c of 1-3 mm.

Root 121 is connected with installation department 122, and in the folding propeller component 10 course of operation, paddle 12 belongs to a pivoted state, if the thickness c of root 121 is not enough, can lead to root 121 to appear crooked condition, and then leads to paddle 12 to appear crooked to the oar plane that makes paddle 12 in the course of the operation is not out of a stable state, and then influences the work of folding propeller component 10. However, if the thickness c of the root portion 121 is thick enough, the weight of the blade 12 may be increased, which may affect the operation of the foldable propeller assembly 10. A thickness c of the root portion 121 of 1-3 mm is effective to achieve a better balance between the two problems described above.

It is understood that the thickness c of the root portion 121 may be any value between 1 mm, 3 mm, or 1-3 mm, and the specific value of the thickness c of the root portion 121 may be set according to different situations.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, blade 12 and root 121 are uniformly transition joined. Thus, air resistance during rotation of the blades 12 can be reduced, and power consumption of the motor 101 can be reduced.

It is understood that the uniform transition of the blade 12 to the root 121 means that the junction of the blade 12 and the root 121 is smooth and has no sharp shapes such as corners and corners. Thus, the blade 12 and the root 121 can be integrated, the connection between the blade 12 and the root 121 can be more stable, and the air resistance of the blade 12 during rotation can be reduced.

In certain embodiments, blade 12 is in frictional contact with a surface of mount 11.

Therefore, the paddle 12 can be prevented from rotating randomly, the position stability of the paddle 12 is ensured, and the probability of damage to the paddle 12 is reduced.

Further, the blades 12 may be made of carbon fiber. Carbon fibers are easy to process and have a high coefficient of friction resistance. The blades 12 are made of carbon fiber, which can improve the service life of the blades 12 and is beneficial to mass production of the foldable propeller assembly 10. It will be appreciated that the blades 12 may be made of other materials, and the material of the blades 12 may be configured according to different situations. For example, the paddle 12 may also be made of plastic. The specific material of the blade 12 is not limited herein.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides a power assembly 100, the power assembly 100 includes a motor 101, at least two blades 12 and a fixing member 13, the motor 101 includes a mounting seat 11, the blades 12 are provided with a root portion 121, the root portion 121 is provided with an installation portion 122, the installation portion 122 is provided with an installation hole 1221, the fixing member 13 rotatably penetrates through the installation hole 1221 and is fixedly connected to the mounting seat 11, and the fixing member 13 rotatably installs the blades 12 on the mounting seat 11.

Referring to fig. 8, an embodiment of the present invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle 1000, which includes a body 1001 and a horn 1002, wherein the horn 1002 is connected to the body 1001, and the power assembly 100 of the above embodiment is mounted on the horn 1002.

The utility model discloses an unmanned vehicles 1000 and power component 100 utilize mounting hole 1221 of mounting 13 and root 121 to fix paddle 12 to mount pad 11 on, comparatively simple when such structural style installs, can reduce unmanned vehicles 1000's cost.

It should be noted that the above explanation of the embodiment and the advantageous effects of the foldable propeller assembly 10 is also applicable to the unmanned aerial vehicle 1000 and the power assembly 100 of the present embodiment, and is not detailed here to avoid redundancy.

It is to be understood that other embodiments of the folding propeller assembly 10, the unmanned aerial vehicle 1000, and the power assembly 100 can be extended or modified from the description above for the embodiments of the folding propeller assembly 10, the unmanned aerial vehicle 1000, and the power assembly 100. It should be noted that these extended and modified embodiments also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present specification, reference to the description of the terms "certain embodiments," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a foldable screw subassembly, its characterized in that, includes mount pad, two at least paddles and mounting, each the paddle is equipped with the root, the root is equipped with the installation department, the mounting hole has been seted up to the installation department, the mounting rotationally wears to locate the mounting hole and with mount pad fixed connection, the mounting is with each the paddle is rotationally installed the mount pad.

2. The foldable propeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the mount is configured to fixedly attach to a rotor of an electric motor; or

The mounting seat is used for fixedly connecting a stator of the motor; or

The mounting base is or is part of the rotor of the motor, or

3. The foldable propeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the fixing member comprises a polished rod portion and a locking portion, the mounting base is provided with a connecting hole, the mounting hole is aligned with the connecting hole, the polished rod portion is positioned in the mounting hole and is in relative sliding contact with a hole wall of the mounting hole, and the locking portion is connected in the connecting hole.

4. The foldable propeller assembly of claim 3, wherein the optical rod portion has a profile dimension that is greater than a profile dimension of the locking portion.

5. The foldable propeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the mounting base defines a receiving cavity and a through hole communicating with the receiving cavity, the through hole extending through a top wall of the mounting base on which the blade is mounted.

6. The foldable propeller assembly of claim 1 wherein the mounting block includes a top wall formed with first and second cross-linked arms, the first arm having a width greater than the second arm, the two paddles being spaced apart along the length of the first arm.

7. The foldable propeller assembly of claim 6, wherein the first connecting arm is perpendicular to the second connecting arm.

8. The foldable propeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the root portion is 1-3 mm thick.

9. The foldable propeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the blade and the root are uniformly transitionally connected.

10. The foldable propeller assembly of claim 1, wherein the paddle is in frictional contact with a surface of the mount.

11. The utility model provides a power assembly, its characterized in that, includes motor, two at least paddles and mounting, the motor includes the mount pad, the paddle is equipped with the root, the root is equipped with the installation department, the mounting hole has been seted up to the installation department, the mounting rotationally wears to establish the mounting hole and with mount pad fixed connection, the mounting will the paddle is rotationally installed the mount pad.

12. A power assembly according to claim 11, wherein the mounting socket is or is part of the rotor of the electrical machine, or

13. The power assembly according to claim 11, wherein the fixing member includes a polished rod portion and a locking portion, the mounting base is provided with a connecting hole, the mounting hole is aligned with the connecting hole, the polished rod portion is located in the mounting hole and is in relative sliding contact with a hole wall of the mounting hole, and the locking portion is connected in the connecting hole.

14. The power assembly according to claim 11, wherein the mounting base defines a receiving cavity and a through hole communicating with the receiving cavity, the through hole penetrating a top wall of the mounting base on which the blade is mounted.

15. A power assembly according to claim 11, wherein the mounting block includes a top wall formed with first and second cross-linked link arms, the first link arm having a greater width than the second link arm, the two paddles being spaced apart along the length of the first link arm.

16. An unmanned aerial vehicle comprising a fuselage and a horn, the horn being connected to the fuselage, the horn having mounted thereon a power assembly according to any one of claims 11 to 15.