CN209704778U - A kind of tower-type solar thermal power generating system - Google Patents
A kind of tower-type solar thermal power generating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN209704778U CN209704778U CN201920039459.0U CN201920039459U CN209704778U CN 209704778 U CN209704778 U CN 209704778U CN 201920039459 U CN201920039459 U CN 201920039459U CN 209704778 U CN209704778 U CN 209704778U
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种塔式太阳能热发电系统，属于太阳能发电技术领域。The utility model relates to a tower type solar thermal power generation system, which belongs to the technical field of solar power generation.
背景技术Background technique
当今世界环境问题日益严峻，发展绿色清洁能源成为时代主题，太阳能、风能、生物质能等可再生能源发电技术倍受世界各国关注。太阳能是取之不尽、用之不竭的绿色能源，太阳能热发电是太阳能利用的主要方式之一。近年来这项技术发展十分迅速，较为成熟的技术包括塔式、塔式、菲涅尔式太阳能热聚光集热发电技术。太阳能热发电厂的投资和发电成本较高，需要配备大容量的储热系统。在商业化方面，槽式和塔式太阳能热发电站装机规模最大，经济性优势也更佳。Environmental problems in today's world are becoming more and more severe, and the development of green and clean energy has become the theme of the times. Renewable energy generation technologies such as solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy have attracted much attention from all over the world. Solar energy is inexhaustible and inexhaustible green energy, and solar thermal power generation is one of the main ways to utilize solar energy. In recent years, this technology has developed very rapidly, and more mature technologies include tower, tower, and Fresnel solar thermal concentrating heat generation technologies. The investment and power generation costs of solar thermal power plants are relatively high, and a large-capacity heat storage system needs to be equipped. In terms of commercialization, trough and tower solar thermal power stations have the largest installed capacity and better economic advantages.
在动力循环模块方面，槽式和塔式太阳能热发电站目前配备的是汽轮发电机组。近年来，行业内开始将超临界二氧化碳循环作为太阳能热发电站的动力模块，其发电效率显著高于汽轮机组。二氧化碳的临界点为31℃/7.4MPa，在温度和压力超过临界点时的状态为超临界态。二氧化碳化学性质稳定、密度高、无毒性、低成本，循环系统简单、结构紧凑、效率高、可空冷，超临界二氧化碳循环可以与各种热源组合成发电系统，被认为在火力发电、核能发电、太阳能热发电、余热发电、地热发电、生物质发电等领域均具有良好的应用前景。In terms of power cycle modules, trough and tower solar thermal power plants are currently equipped with steam turbine generators. In recent years, the industry has begun to use the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle as the power module of the solar thermal power station, and its power generation efficiency is significantly higher than that of the steam turbine unit. The critical point of carbon dioxide is 31°C/7.4MPa, and the state is supercritical when the temperature and pressure exceed the critical point. Carbon dioxide has stable chemical properties, high density, non-toxicity, low cost, simple circulation system, compact structure, high efficiency, and air cooling. The supercritical carbon dioxide cycle can be combined with various heat sources to form a power generation system. It is considered to be used in thermal power generation, nuclear power generation, Solar thermal power generation, waste heat power generation, geothermal power generation, biomass power generation and other fields have good application prospects.
然而，超临界二氧化碳循环具有深度回热器的特点，回热器的容量和造价非常高，特别是印刷电路板型高温回热器的造价达到每千瓦热500元以上。现有技术通常采用分流再压缩模式的超临界二氧化碳循环，如图1所示，采用高温回热器用于将透平排气热量传递给低温回热器出口工质，这一换热过程是气-气换热，传热系数小，所以高温回热器换热面积很大，造价就高。因此，超临界二氧化碳循环用于太阳能热发电站还需要进一步优化系统、降低造价。However, the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle has the characteristics of a deep regenerator, and the capacity and cost of the regenerator are very high. In particular, the cost of the printed circuit board type high-temperature regenerator reaches more than 500 yuan per kilowatt heat. The existing technology usually adopts the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle in the split recompression mode. As shown in Figure 1, a high-temperature regenerator is used to transfer the exhaust heat of the turbine to the outlet working fluid of the low-temperature regenerator. This heat exchange process is the gas - Gas heat exchange has a small heat transfer coefficient, so the high-temperature regenerator has a large heat exchange area and high cost. Therefore, the use of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle in solar thermal power plants needs to further optimize the system and reduce the cost.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是如何优化采用超临界二氧化碳循环的塔式太阳能热发电系统，降低造价，发挥超临界二氧化碳循环的优势。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is how to optimize the tower-type solar thermal power generation system adopting the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, reduce the cost, and give full play to the advantages of the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle.
为了解决上述技术问题，本实用新型的技术方案是提供一种塔式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于：由超临界二氧化碳循环回路和太阳能聚光集热系统组成；In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present utility model is to provide a tower type solar thermal power generation system, which is characterized in that: it is composed of a supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop and a solar energy concentrating heat collection system;
所述的超临界二氧化碳循环回路包括主压缩机，主压缩机出口连接低温回热器高压侧进口，低温回热器高压侧出口连接高温回热器高压侧进口，高温回热器高压侧出口连接高温熔盐换热器工质进口，高温熔盐换热器工质出口连接透平进气口，透平排气口连接低温熔盐换热器工质进口，透平连接发电机，低温熔盐换热器工质出口连接高温回热器低压侧进口，高温回热器低压侧出口连接低温回热器低压侧进口，低温回热器低压侧出口连接预冷器进口和再压缩机进口；预冷器出口连接主压缩机；再压缩机出口连接低温回热器高压侧出口。The supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop includes a main compressor, the outlet of the main compressor is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure side of the low-temperature regenerator, the outlet of the high-pressure side of the low-temperature regenerator is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure side of the high-temperature regenerator, and the outlet of the high-pressure side of the high-temperature regenerator is connected to High temperature molten salt heat exchanger working medium inlet, high temperature molten salt heat exchanger working medium outlet is connected to turbine inlet, turbine exhaust port is connected to low temperature molten salt heat exchanger working medium inlet, turbine is connected to generator, low temperature melting The working medium outlet of the salt heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure side of the high-temperature regenerator, the outlet of the low-pressure side of the high-temperature regenerator is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure side of the low-temperature regenerator, and the outlet of the low-pressure side of the low-temperature regenerator is connected to the inlet of the precooler and the inlet of the recompressor; The outlet of the precooler is connected to the main compressor; the outlet of the recompressor is connected to the outlet of the high pressure side of the low temperature regenerator.
所述的太阳能聚光集热系统包括热罐，热罐出口连接高温熔盐换热器熔盐进口，高温熔盐换热器熔盐出口连接低温熔盐换热器熔盐进口，低温熔盐换热器熔盐出口连接冷罐进口，冷罐出口连接集热塔的集热管进口，集热塔的集热管出口连接热罐进口。The solar concentrating heat collection system includes a hot tank, the outlet of the hot tank is connected to the molten salt inlet of the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger, the molten salt outlet of the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger is connected to the molten salt inlet of the low-temperature molten salt heat exchanger, and the low-temperature molten salt The molten salt outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the cold tank, the outlet of the cold tank is connected to the inlet of the heat collecting tube of the heat collecting tower, and the outlet of the heat collecting tube of the heat collecting tower is connected to the inlet of the hot tank.
优选地，所述主压缩机、再压缩机、透平、发电机同轴布置。Preferably, the main compressor, re-compressor, turbine and generator are coaxially arranged.
优选地，所述预冷器为空冷器。Preferably, the precooler is an air cooler.
优选地，所述集热塔内设有传热介质。Preferably, a heat transfer medium is provided in the heat collection tower.
更优选地，所述传热介质为熔盐。More preferably, the heat transfer medium is molten salt.
优选地，所述热罐和冷罐内均设有储热介质。Preferably, both the hot tank and the cold tank are provided with a heat storage medium.
更优选地，所述储热介质为熔盐。More preferably, the heat storage medium is molten salt.
本实用新型提供的塔式太阳能热发电系统的使用步骤如下：The usage steps of the tower type solar thermal power generation system provided by the utility model are as follows:
在超临界二氧化碳循环回路中，二氧化碳工质经主压缩机增压，主压缩机出口的二氧化碳工质经低温回热器，然后与再压缩机出口工质汇合后进入高温回热器，再进入高温熔盐换热器吸收热量，再进入透平做功，透平推动发电机产生电力，透平排气经低温导热油换热器、高温回热器、低温回热器释放热量，再分为两路，一路进入预冷器冷却，再进入主压缩机，另一路进入再压缩机增压至低温回热器出口工质压力。In the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation circuit, the carbon dioxide working medium is pressurized by the main compressor, and the carbon dioxide working medium at the outlet of the main compressor passes through the low-temperature regenerator, and then enters the high-temperature regenerator after joining with the re-compressor outlet working medium, and then enters the The high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger absorbs heat, and then enters the turbine to do work. The turbine drives the generator to generate electricity. Two paths, one path enters the precooler for cooling, and then enters the main compressor, and the other path enters the recompressor to pressurize to the pressure of the working fluid at the outlet of the low temperature regenerator.
集热器吸收太阳辐射能量，转化成熔盐中的热量，熔盐一部分输送至热罐用于储热，另一部分再输送至高温熔盐换热器释放热量给二氧化碳工质，再经低温熔盐换热器吸收透平排气余热，再进入冷罐，冷罐输出熔盐至集热塔。在阳光不足时或者夜晚，熔盐从热罐输送至高温熔盐换热器、低温熔盐换热器，再输送至冷罐。The heat collector absorbs solar radiation energy and converts it into heat in molten salt. Part of the molten salt is sent to the heat tank for heat storage, and the other part is sent to the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger to release heat to the carbon dioxide working medium, and then melted at low temperature. The salt heat exchanger absorbs the exhaust waste heat of the turbine, and then enters the cold tank, and the cold tank outputs molten salt to the heat collection tower. When the sun is not enough or at night, the molten salt is transported from the hot tank to the high temperature molten salt heat exchanger, the low temperature molten salt heat exchanger, and then to the cold tank.
优选地，所述塔式太阳能热发电系统的发电功率为MWe至百MWe等级。Preferably, the generating power of the tower solar thermal power generation system is in the range of MWe to hundreds of MWe.
优选地，所述主压缩机出口压力为15～30MPa。Preferably, the outlet pressure of the main compressor is 15-30 MPa.
优选地，所述透平排气压力为8～10MPa。Preferably, the exhaust pressure of the turbine is 8-10 MPa.
优选地，所述高温熔盐换热器两侧接近温度不超过10℃。Preferably, the approaching temperature on both sides of the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger does not exceed 10°C.
优选地，所述低温熔盐换热器两侧接近温度不超过10℃。Preferably, the approaching temperature on both sides of the low-temperature molten salt heat exchanger does not exceed 10°C.
与现有技术相比，本实用新型提供的塔式太阳能热发电系统省去了高温回热器高温段，用高温熔盐换热器和低温熔盐换热器来替代，换热过程均为气-液换热，获得的有益效果是大幅提高传热系数，换热器的造价较低，因此总体上超临界二氧化碳循环系统的造价降低。Compared with the prior art, the tower-type solar thermal power generation system provided by the utility model omits the high-temperature section of the high-temperature regenerator, and replaces it with a high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger and a low-temperature molten salt heat exchanger, and the heat exchange process is The beneficial effect of gas-liquid heat exchange is that the heat transfer coefficient is greatly improved, and the cost of the heat exchanger is lower, so the overall cost of the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation system is reduced.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为现有的采用分流再压缩模式的超临界二氧化碳循环系统示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the existing supercritical carbon dioxide circulation system adopting split flow recompression mode;
图2为本实施例提供的塔式太阳能热发电系统示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the tower type solar thermal power generation system provided by the present embodiment;
附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:
1—主压缩机，2—低温回热器，3—高温回热器，4—高温熔盐换热器，5—透平，6—低温熔盐换热器，7—再压缩机，8—预冷器，9—发电机，10—热罐，11—冷罐，12—集热塔，13—镜场。1—main compressor, 2—low temperature regenerator, 3—high temperature regenerator, 4—high temperature molten salt heat exchanger, 5—turbine, 6—low temperature molten salt heat exchanger, 7—recompressor, 8 —precooler, 9—generator, 10—hot tank, 11—cold tank, 12—collector tower, 13—mirror field.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
图2为本实施例提供的塔式太阳能热发电系统示意图；所述的塔式太阳能热发电系统由超临界二氧化碳循环回路和太阳能聚光集热系统组成。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the tower-type solar thermal power generation system provided in this embodiment; the tower-type solar thermal power generation system is composed of a supercritical carbon dioxide circulation loop and a solar energy concentrating heat collection system.
所述的超临界二氧化碳循环回路包括主压缩机1，主压缩机1出口连接低温回热器2高压侧进口，低温回热器2高压侧出口连接高温回热器3高压侧进口，高温回热器3高压侧出口连接高温熔盐换热器4工质进口，高温熔盐换热器4工质出口连接透平5进气口，透平5排气口连接低温熔盐换热器6工质进口，透平5连接发电机9，低温熔盐换热器6工质出口连接高温回热器3低压侧进口，高温回热器3低压侧出口连接低温回热器2低压侧进口，低温回热器2低压侧出口分为两路，分别连接预冷器8进口和再压缩机7进口；预冷器8出口连接主压缩机1进口；再压缩机7出口连接低温回热器2高压侧出口。The supercritical carbon dioxide circulation circuit includes a main compressor 1, the outlet of the main compressor 1 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure side of the low-temperature regenerator 2, the outlet of the high-pressure side of the low-temperature regenerator 2 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure side of the high-temperature regenerator 3, and the high-temperature regenerator The high-pressure side outlet of the device 3 is connected to the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger 4 working medium inlet, the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger 4 working medium outlet is connected to the turbine 5 inlet, and the turbine 5 exhaust port is connected to the low-temperature molten salt heat exchanger 6 work Quality inlet, turbine 5 is connected to generator 9, low temperature molten salt heat exchanger 6 working medium outlet is connected to high temperature regenerator 3 low pressure side inlet, high temperature regenerator 3 low pressure side outlet is connected to low temperature regenerator 2 low pressure side inlet, low temperature The outlet of the low-pressure side of the regenerator 2 is divided into two routes, respectively connected to the inlet of the precooler 8 and the inlet of the recompressor 7; the outlet of the precooler 8 is connected to the inlet of the main compressor 1; the outlet of the recompressor 7 is connected to the high pressure of the low temperature regenerator 2 side exit.
所述的太阳能聚光集热系统包括集热塔13，热罐10和冷罐11。热罐10出口连接高温熔盐换热器4熔盐进口，高温熔盐换热器4熔盐出口连接低温熔盐换热器6熔盐进口，低温熔盐换热器6熔盐出口连接冷罐11进口，冷罐11出口连接镜场13的集热塔12进口，集热塔12出口连接热罐10进口。The solar concentrated heat collection system includes a heat collection tower 13 , a hot tank 10 and a cold tank 11 . Hot tank 10 outlet is connected to high temperature molten salt heat exchanger 4 molten salt inlet, high temperature molten salt heat exchanger 4 molten salt outlet is connected to low temperature molten salt heat exchanger 6 molten salt inlet, low temperature molten salt heat exchanger 6 molten salt outlet is connected to cold The inlet of the tank 11, the outlet of the cold tank 11 is connected to the inlet of the heat collecting tower 12 of the mirror field 13, and the outlet of the heat collecting tower 12 is connected to the inlet of the hot tank 10.
系统的各个设备之间通过管道连接，根据系统控制需要，管道上可布置阀门、流体机械、仪表。组成系统的其它部分还有辅助设施、电气系统、仪控系统等，以及为满足安全要求的设施。The various devices of the system are connected by pipelines, and valves, fluid machinery, and instruments can be arranged on the pipelines according to the needs of system control. Other parts of the system include auxiliary facilities, electrical systems, instrument control systems, etc., as well as facilities to meet safety requirements.
上述的塔式太阳能热发电系统的工作方法如下：The working method of the above tower solar thermal power generation system is as follows:
在超临界二氧化碳循环回路中，二氧化碳工质经主压缩机1增压至25MPa，主压缩机1出口的二氧化碳工质经低温回热器2，然后与再压缩机7出口工质汇合后进入高温回热器3，再进入高温熔盐换热器4吸收热量，温度达到550℃，再进入透平5做功，透平5推动发电机9产生电力，透平5排气压力约为8.5MPa，经低温熔盐换热器6、高温回热器3、低温回热器2释放热量，再分为两路，一路进入预冷器8冷却至35℃，再进入主压缩机1，另一路进入再压缩机7压缩至约25MPa。In the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation circuit, the carbon dioxide working medium is pressurized to 25 MPa by the main compressor 1, and the carbon dioxide working medium at the outlet of the main compressor 1 passes through the low-temperature regenerator 2, and then merges with the working medium at the outlet of the re-compressor 7 to enter the high temperature The regenerator 3 enters the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger 4 to absorb heat, and the temperature reaches 550°C, and then enters the turbine 5 to do work. The turbine 5 drives the generator 9 to generate electricity. The exhaust pressure of the turbine 5 is about 8.5MPa. The heat is released through the low-temperature molten salt heat exchanger 6, high-temperature regenerator 3, and low-temperature regenerator 2, and then divided into two paths, one path enters the pre-cooler 8 to cool to 35°C, then enters the main compressor 1, and the other path enters Then the compressor 7 compresses to about 25MPa.
集热塔12吸收太阳辐射能量，转化成熔盐中的热量，温度为565℃的熔盐一部分输送至热罐10用于储热，另一部分再输送至高温熔盐换热器4释放热量给二氧化碳工质，再经低温熔盐换热器6吸收透平5排气余热，再进入冷罐11，冷罐11输出熔盐至集热塔12。在阳光不足时或者夜晚，熔盐从热罐10输送至高温熔盐换热器4、低温熔盐换热器6，再输送至冷罐11。The heat collection tower 12 absorbs solar radiation energy and converts it into heat in the molten salt. Part of the molten salt at a temperature of 565°C is sent to the heat tank 10 for heat storage, and the other part is sent to the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger 4 to release heat to the The carbon dioxide working medium, through the low-temperature molten salt heat exchanger 6, absorbs the waste heat of the turbine 5 exhaust, and then enters the cold tank 11, and the cold tank 11 outputs molten salt to the heat collection tower 12. When the sunlight is insufficient or at night, the molten salt is transported from the hot tank 10 to the high-temperature molten salt heat exchanger 4 and the low-temperature molten salt heat exchanger 6 , and then to the cold tank 11 .
上述超临界二氧化碳循环的热效率可达45％，具有显著的优势。由于省去了高温段的高温回热器，系统的造价降低。The thermal efficiency of the above-mentioned supercritical carbon dioxide cycle can reach 45%, which has significant advantages. Since the high-temperature regenerator in the high-temperature section is omitted, the cost of the system is reduced.
以上所述，仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例，并非对本实用新型任何形式上和实质上的限制，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本实用新型方法的前提下，还将可以做出若干改进和补充，这些改进和补充也应视为本实用新型的保护范围。凡熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本实用新型的精神和范围的情况下，当可利用以上所揭示的技术内容而做出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化，均为本实用新型的等效实施例；同时，凡依据本实用新型的实质技术对上述实施例所作的任何等同变化的更动、修饰与演变，均仍属于本实用新型的技术方案的范围内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not any formal and substantial limitation of the utility model. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the utility model , and several improvements and supplements can also be made, and these improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model. Those who are familiar with this profession, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, can make use of the technical content disclosed above to make some changes, modifications and equivalent changes of evolution, which are all equivalent changes of this utility model. New equivalent embodiments; at the same time, all changes, modifications and evolutions of any equivalent changes made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the substantive technology of the utility model still belong to the scope of the technical solution of the utility model.
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| CN111102142A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-05-05 | 西安理工大学 | A tower solar thermal power generation system based on supercritical fluid |
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