CN209290411U - A high-speed railway freight car axle box built-in bogie - Google Patents
A high-speed railway freight car axle box built-in bogie Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种高速铁路货车轴箱内置式转向架,采用H形整体式构架及内置式轴箱,构架上设置有抗蛇形减振器和二系横向减振器;抗蛇形减振器纵向连接在构架侧架两侧,二系横向减振器横向连接在构架小横梁端部,且采用轴盘制动。该转向架一系悬挂采用轴箱转臂定位,并配合轮对交叉支撑装置提高车辆稳定性。该转向架相比传统货车加装有抗侧滚扭杆装置,解决了其二系悬挂提供抗侧滚能力不足的问题。本实用新型针对现有货车转向架存在运行速度无法满足需求的问题,设计出一种满足货物运输现实需求的高速铁路货车转向架总体方案。本方案以轴箱内置式整体构架结构转向架为基础,通过改善运行时的抗蛇形运动性能及运动平稳性以提高其速度临界值。
The utility model discloses a built-in bogie in the axle box of a high-speed railway freight car, which adopts an H-shaped integral frame and a built-in axle box. The shock absorber is longitudinally connected to both sides of the frame side frame, and the secondary transverse shock absorber is laterally connected to the end of the small beam of the frame, and adopts axle disk brake. The primary suspension of the bogie adopts the positioning of the axle box rotating arm, and cooperates with the wheel set cross support device to improve the stability of the vehicle. Compared with traditional trucks, this bogie is equipped with an anti-rolling torsion bar device, which solves the problem of insufficient anti-rolling ability of its secondary suspension. The utility model aims at the problem that the running speed of the existing freight car bogie cannot meet the demand, and designs an overall scheme of the high-speed railway freight car bogie that meets the actual needs of cargo transportation. This scheme is based on the axle box built-in integral frame structure bogie, and improves its speed critical value by improving the anti-serpentine motion performance and motion stability during operation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于轨道交通技术领域。具体地,涉及一种应用于高速铁路货车的轴箱内置式转向架。The utility model belongs to the technical field of rail transit. Specifically, it relates to an axle box built-in bogie applied to high-speed railway freight cars.
背景技术Background technique
世界范围内,现有的货车转向架主要有两种模式。北美、亚洲、南非等地区国家以三大件式转向架为主,欧洲国家则以整体构架式转向架为主。在转向架的发展中发现,提高转向架横向运动稳定性的要求与改善转向架曲线通过性能的要求往往是相互矛盾的。采用径向转向架是解决稳定性与曲线通过能力之间矛盾的有效措施。其中,最早获得成功并投入使用的是南非铁路的Scheffel副构架自导向转向架。该转向架用1根弓形梁将每条轮对的左右两侧联系在一起,组成一个副构架;再用2根对角斜撑连杆将前后副构架联系在一起,形成自导向机构及仅径向机构与其不同的美国DR-1型转向架。这些三大件式转向架都有良好的轮载均衡能力,能够较好地适应线路的不平顺。但是,它们的轴箱位于轮对外侧,不利于减轻自重;而且摇头刚度较大,不便于通过小半径曲线。欧洲的LEILA转向架采用整体焊接构架式,其径向装置是在轴箱之间用十字形交叉连杆连接。整体构架式转向架与三大件式转向架相比,具有不会产生菱形变形的优点,但同时也减弱了线路不平顺的适应能力。LEILA转向架为轴箱内置式转向架,其摇头刚度小,有利于小半径曲线的通过;同时,也具有较小的自重,与Y25转向架相比,其重量减少约1/5。内轴箱悬挂式转向架的缺点是不便于维护和检修,因此对轴箱的寿命要求较高。Worldwide, there are mainly two types of truck bogies available. Countries in North America, Asia, South Africa and other regions mainly use three-piece bogies, while European countries mainly use integral frame bogies. In the development of the bogie, it is found that the requirement of improving the stability of the bogie's lateral motion and the requirement of improving the curve passing performance of the bogie are often contradictory. The use of radial bogies is an effective measure to solve the contradiction between stability and ability to pass through curves. Among them, the first successful and put into use is the Scheffel sub-frame self-steering bogie of the South African Railway. The bogie uses an arched beam to connect the left and right sides of each wheel set together to form a sub-frame; The radial mechanism is different from the American DR-1 type bogie. These three-piece bogies have good wheel load balancing ability and can better adapt to the unevenness of the line. However, their axle boxes are located on the outside of the wheel set, which is not conducive to reducing their own weight; and the rigidity of the shaking head is relatively high, which is not convenient for passing through small radius curves. The European LEILA bogie adopts an integral welded frame type, and its radial device is connected by a cross-shaped cross-link between the axle boxes. Compared with the three-piece bogie, the integral frame bogie has the advantage of not producing rhomboid deformation, but it also weakens the ability to adapt to road irregularities. The LEILA bogie is a bogie with built-in axle box, and its oscillating head stiffness is small, which is conducive to the passage of small-radius curves; at the same time, it also has a small dead weight. Compared with the Y25 bogie, its weight is reduced by about 1/5. The disadvantage of the inner axle box suspension bogie is that it is not easy to maintain and overhaul, so it has a higher requirement on the life of the axle box.
在中国,三大件式转向架早期有转8A型转向架,该转向架存在抗菱刚度低、菱形变形大、枕簧空车静挠度偏小等诸多问题。后期又研制的转8AG型、转K1型、转K2型和转K6型转向架,均是在转8A型转向架的基础上加装了弹性交叉支撑装置,以增大转向架的抗剪刚度和抗菱刚度。转K4型和转K5型转向架则是摆动式转向架,同样也是为了增加了抗菱刚度。整体焊接构架转向架则是以转K3转向架为代表,虽然彻底消除了菱变,但同时也降低了对线路的适应能力,这也是整体焊接构架转向架普遍存在的问题。径向货车转向架在中国出现得比较晚,主要有转K7型,以及一些研发了但未投入运用的转向架,而这些转向架均为三大件式径向转向架。中国对于轴箱内置式转向架的研究甚少,在工程应用上属于空白。In China, the three-piece bogie had the Zhuan 8A type bogie in the early stage. This bogie had many problems such as low diamond resistance stiffness, large rhombus deformation, and small static deflection of pillow spring empty car. The Zhuan 8AG, Zhuan K1, Zhuan K2 and Zhuan K6 bogies developed later were all equipped with elastic cross braces on the basis of Zhuan 8A bogies to increase the shear stiffness of the bogies. and anti-diamond stiffness. The Zhuan K4 and Zhuan K5 bogies are swing bogies, which also increase the anti-diamond stiffness. The integral welded frame bogie is represented by the Zhuan K3 bogie. Although the rhombus has been completely eliminated, it also reduces the adaptability to the line, which is also a common problem of the integral welded frame bogie. Radial freight car bogies appeared relatively late in China, mainly Zhuan K7 type, and some bogies that have been developed but not put into use, and these bogies are all three-piece radial bogies. There is very little research on the axle box built-in bogie in China, which is blank in engineering application.
伴随着中国国民经济的飞速发展,资源流动的迅速增加,交通运输行业发展迅速,作为陆运之王的铁路运输也承担着日益增加的压力。中国对铁路运输也给予高度重视,并支持一些高校和企业进行相关研究。经过5次大提速,铁路客车发展较好,速度提高明显;而货车相对来说发展较慢,传统的快捷货车运行速度大多仅有160km/h。客运和货运两者不匹配的问题日益突出,而货运作为支撑国民经济发展的基础,它的发展变得更为关键。转向架直接影响着铁路车辆的运行性能,高速的好处也无需赘述,它的发展与研究显得格外重要。With the rapid development of China's national economy, the rapid increase of resource flow, and the rapid development of the transportation industry, the railway transportation, which is the king of land transportation, is also under increasing pressure. China also attaches great importance to railway transportation and supports some universities and enterprises to conduct related research. After 5 major speed increases, the development of railway passenger cars is relatively good, and the speed has increased significantly; while the development of freight trains is relatively slow, and the speed of traditional express freight trains is mostly only 160km/h. The mismatch between passenger transport and freight transport has become increasingly prominent, and as the basis for supporting national economic development, the development of freight transport has become more critical. The bogie directly affects the running performance of railway vehicles, and the benefits of high speed need not be repeated. Its development and research are particularly important.
转向架作为铁道车辆的关键部件,长期以来,铁路车辆由于受到运行稳定性、倾覆安全性和轴承检修等因素的制约,主要采用外置轴箱悬挂的模式。随着铁道车辆运行速度的不断提高,对转向架的轻量化、低轮轨作用力等提出了更高的要求。研究表明:与外置轴箱悬挂转向架相比,轴箱内置式转向架能有效地降低轮对及构架的质量,以显示出了其具有重量轻、曲线通过性能优等优良的动力学特点。然而,受制于轴箱跨距短的固有缺陷,现有的快速轴箱内置式货车转向架LEILA的运行速度也只有120km/h,无法满足货物运输的现实需求。The bogie is a key component of a railway vehicle. For a long time, due to the constraints of running stability, overturning safety and bearing maintenance and other factors, the railway vehicle mainly adopts the mode of external axle box suspension. With the continuous improvement of the running speed of railway vehicles, higher requirements are put forward for the light weight of the bogie and low wheel-rail force. The research shows that: compared with the bogie with external axle box suspension, the axle box built-in bogie can effectively reduce the weight of the wheel set and frame, which shows its excellent dynamic characteristics such as light weight and excellent curve passing performance. However, due to the inherent defect of the short span of the axlebox, the running speed of the existing fast axlebox built-in truck bogie LEILA is only 120km/h, which cannot meet the actual needs of cargo transportation.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的在于:针对现有铁路货车轴箱内置式转向架所存在的,运行速度临界值已无法满足货物运输的现实需求的问题,提供一种高速铁路货车轴箱内置式转向架。本方案以轴箱内置式整体构架结构转向架为基础,通过改善运行时的抗蛇形运动性能及运动平稳性以提高其速度临界值,设计出一种满足货物运输现实需求的高速铁路货车转向架总体方案。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a high-speed railway freight car axle box built-in bogie for the problem that the operating speed critical value cannot meet the actual demand of cargo transportation existing in the existing railway freight car axle box built-in bogie. This scheme is based on the axle box built-in integral frame structure bogie, and by improving the anti-serpentine motion performance and motion stability during operation to increase its speed critical value, a high-speed railway freight car steering that meets the actual needs of cargo transportation is designed. overall plan.
为了实现上述目的,本实用新型采用的技术方案为:In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:
一种高速铁路货车轴箱内置式转向架,采用H形整体式构架及内置式轴箱,构架上设置有用于与车体相连的抗蛇形减振器和二系横向减振器;抗蛇形减振器连接在构架侧架两侧,且抗蛇形减振器沿转向架纵向设置;二系横向减振器连接在构架小横梁端部,且二系横向减振器沿转向架横向设置;采用轴盘制动方式,制动盘安装在车轴上,制动单元安装在构架小横梁上。本方案采用H形整体式构架及内置式轴箱,实现了轻量化及低轮轨作用力。在此基础上,本方案还采用抗蛇形减振器用来提高车辆蛇形运动稳定性和平稳性,同时又不降低曲线通过能力。本方案还采用二系横向减振器用来减小二系横向振动,衰减振动能量。综上所述,在实现轻量化的前提下,本方案有效地提高了车辆蛇形运动的平稳性和运动平稳性,从而能够提高车辆运行的临界速度。A high-speed railway freight car axle box built-in bogie adopts an H-shaped integral frame and a built-in axle box. The frame is provided with an anti-snake shock absorber and a secondary transverse shock absorber for connecting with the car body; the anti-snake The anti-serpentine shock absorbers are connected to both sides of the frame side frame, and the anti-snake shock absorbers are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the bogie; the secondary transverse shock absorbers are connected to the ends of the small beams of the frame, and the secondary transverse shock absorbers are Setting: The axle-disk brake method is adopted, the brake disc is installed on the axle, and the brake unit is installed on the small beam of the frame. This scheme adopts H-shaped integral frame and built-in axle box, which realizes light weight and low wheel-rail force. On this basis, this scheme also uses anti-snake shock absorbers to improve the stability and stability of the vehicle's serpentine motion without reducing the ability to pass through curves. This scheme also adopts the secondary transverse shock absorber to reduce the secondary transverse vibration and attenuate the vibration energy. To sum up, under the premise of achieving light weight, this scheme effectively improves the stability and stability of the vehicle's serpentine motion, thereby increasing the critical speed of the vehicle's operation.
作为优选方案,还设置有轮对交叉支撑装置,轮对交叉支撑装置采用两个轮对稳定拉杆交叉布置的方式,将呈对角分布的轴箱两两相互连接。该轮对交叉支撑装置有助于增强轮对在直线和曲线上的稳定性,有效地提高车辆的曲线通过能力。As a preferred solution, a wheel pair cross support device is also provided. The wheel pair cross support device adopts the cross arrangement of two wheel set stabilizing rods to connect the diagonally distributed axle boxes with each other. The wheel set cross support device helps to enhance the stability of the wheel set on straight lines and curves, and effectively improves the ability of the vehicle to pass through curves.
作为优选方案,采用转臂式轴箱,轴箱与构架侧架端部通过转臂及一系钢弹簧连接,钢弹簧刚度为两级。该转向架一系悬挂采用轴箱转臂定位,轴箱转臂与一系两级刚度钢弹簧一起用来缓和垂向冲击,约束轴箱和转向架之间的纵横向运动和传递横向力。通过增大一系纵向刚度,增强了转向架的横向平稳性。并且,转臂定位方式具有高速运行特性。As a preferred solution, a pivoting arm type axle box is used, and the axle box is connected to the end of the side frame of the frame through a pivoting arm and a series of steel springs, and the rigidity of the steel springs is two levels. The primary suspension of the bogie is positioned by the pivot arm of the axle box, and the pivot arm of the axle box is used together with a series of two-stage rigidity steel springs to ease the vertical impact, restrain the longitudinal and lateral movement between the axle box and the bogie, and transmit the lateral force. The lateral stability of the bogie is enhanced by increasing the primary longitudinal stiffness. Moreover, the boom positioning method has high-speed operation characteristics.
作为优选方案,轴箱与构架端部之间设置有一系垂向减振器。减小一系垂向振动,用以衰减振动能量。As a preferred solution, a series of vertical shock absorbers is arranged between the axle box and the end of the frame. Reduce a series of vertical vibrations to attenuate vibration energy.
作为优选方案,构架大横梁上设置有用于与车体相连的二系橡胶堆弹簧。用来连接车体和构架,缓和来自轮对的激扰,有助于提高车辆(尤其是车体)的稳定性。As a preferred solution, the large beam of the frame is provided with a secondary rubber stack spring for connecting with the vehicle body. It is used to connect the car body and frame, ease the disturbance from the wheel set, and help to improve the stability of the vehicle (especially the car body).
作为优选方案,还设置有抗侧滚扭杆装置,抗侧滚扭杆装置由扭杆、扭杆臂及连杆组成;扭杆穿过空心的小横梁,且扭杆两端位于构架侧架两侧;扭杆两端连接有扭杆臂,且扭杆臂沿转向架纵向设置;扭杆臂端部连接有用于与车体相连的连杆,且连杆沿转向架垂向设置。本方案能够限制车体的侧滚角度,使车体的沉浮运动不受影响。As a preferred solution, an anti-rolling torsion bar device is also provided, and the anti-rolling torsion bar device is composed of a torsion bar, a torsion bar arm and a connecting rod; the torsion bar passes through a small hollow beam, and the two ends of the torsion bar are located Two sides; the two ends of the torsion bar are connected with torsion bar arms, and the torsion bar arms are arranged longitudinally along the bogie; the ends of the torsion bar arms are connected with connecting rods for connecting with the car body, and the connecting rods are arranged vertically along the bogie. This solution can limit the roll angle of the vehicle body, so that the ups and downs of the vehicle body will not be affected.
作为优选方案,构架侧架上设置有二系垂向止挡。当车辆通过曲线轨道时,有利于限制车体侧滚的最大限度,从而提高车辆曲线通过性能。As a preferred solution, the side frame of the frame is provided with a secondary vertical stop. When the vehicle passes through the curved track, it is beneficial to limit the maximum roll of the vehicle body, thereby improving the curve passing performance of the vehicle.
作为优选方案,构架侧架上设置有二系横向止挡。当车辆通过曲线轨道时,有利于限制车体横向位移的最大限度,从而提高车辆曲线通过性能。As a preferred solution, the side frame of the frame is provided with a secondary transverse stopper. When the vehicle passes through the curved track, it is beneficial to limit the maximum lateral displacement of the vehicle body, thereby improving the curve passing performance of the vehicle.
作为优选方案,构架大横梁上设置有用于与车体相连的牵引拉杆。用于连接构架与车体,传递来自转向架的纵向力至车体。As a preferred solution, the large beam of the frame is provided with a traction rod for connecting with the vehicle body. It is used to connect the frame and the car body, and transmit the longitudinal force from the bogie to the car body.
作为优选方案,采用空心车轴,空心车轴上设置有制动盘座,用于安装制动盘提供制动力。铁路货车一般是实心轴,由于本方案是一种高速的货车转向架,故采用的是空心轴,有利于减轻质量和高速运行。As a preferred solution, a hollow axle is used, and a brake disc seat is arranged on the hollow axle for installing a brake disc to provide braking force. Railway wagons generally have solid shafts. Since this scheme is a high-speed truck bogie, hollow shafts are used, which is beneficial to reduce weight and run at high speed.
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,相比于现有技术,本实用新型的有益效果是:In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
首先,该转向架采用轴箱转臂定位与轮对交叉支撑的方式,降低了一系悬挂定位纵向刚度,有效提高了车辆曲线通过能力。同时,该转向架采用H形整体式构架、抗蛇形减振器和二系横向减振器,有效地提高了车辆蛇形运动的平稳性和运动平稳性,从而提高了车辆运行的临界速度,以达到较高的运行速度。该转向架一系采用两级刚度钢弹簧与转臂定位的方式,二系采用橡胶堆,同时安装有一系垂向减振器,属于高速货车转向架范畴,在运输一些高附加值产品时有明显优势。First of all, the bogie adopts the positioning of the axle box pivot arm and the cross support of the wheel set, which reduces the longitudinal stiffness of the suspension positioning and effectively improves the vehicle's ability to pass through curves. At the same time, the bogie adopts H-shaped integral frame, anti-snake shock absorber and secondary transverse shock absorber, which effectively improves the serpentine movement stability and motion stability of the vehicle, thereby increasing the critical speed of the vehicle operation , to achieve a higher operating speed. The first series of the bogie adopts two-stage rigidity steel springs and the positioning method of the rotating arm, the second series uses rubber stacks, and a series of vertical shock absorbers are installed at the same time. It belongs to the category of high-speed truck bogies. obvious advantage.
其次,在二系橡胶弹簧跨距较短的前提下,该转向架加装有抗侧滚扭杆装置,解决了其二系悬挂提供抗侧滚能力不足的问题。该转向架还设计有二系垂向止挡,牵引拉杆,轮对交叉支撑装置,对货车的曲线通过性能有明显提升,特别是抗侧滚扭杆装置与二系垂向止挡装置,克服了轴箱内置式转向架车辆抗倾覆能力不足的问题,是铁路货车转向架一种大胆的尝试与创新。Secondly, on the premise that the span of the secondary rubber spring is short, the bogie is equipped with an anti-rolling torsion bar device, which solves the problem of insufficient anti-rolling ability of the secondary suspension. The bogie is also designed with secondary vertical stoppers, traction rods, and wheel set cross support devices, which can significantly improve the curve passing performance of the truck, especially the anti-rolling torsion bar device and the secondary vertical stopper device, which overcome It is a bold attempt and innovation of the railway freight car bogie to solve the problem of insufficient anti-overturning ability of the axle box built-in bogie vehicle.
再次,该转向架在内置式轴箱的基础上,实现了高速运行。轴箱内置式货车转向架与传统的外轴箱货车转向架相比,实现了轻量化及低轮轨作用力。降低了运输成本,获得了更好的经济性。该转向架还采用空心车轴技术。随着质量的减轻,轮轨间作用力降低,改善了车辆动力学性能,减少了轮轨间的磨耗,降低了运行噪声和环境污染,增加了轮对和钢轨的寿命,降低了维护成本。Thirdly, the bogie realizes high-speed operation on the basis of the built-in axle box. Compared with the traditional outer axle box truck bogie, the axle box built-in truck bogie realizes light weight and low wheel-rail force. Reduced transportation costs and achieved better economy. The bogie also features hollow axle technology. With the reduction of mass, the force between wheel and rail is reduced, which improves the dynamic performance of the vehicle, reduces the wear between wheel and rail, reduces the running noise and environmental pollution, increases the service life of wheel sets and rails, and reduces maintenance costs.
最后,该转向架采用轴箱内置式方案想要获得和传统货车相同的横向平稳性指标,主要是通过增大一系纵向刚度,可是增大一系纵向刚度会导致曲线通过性能变差,本方案采用轮对交叉支撑装置,有效的提高车辆的曲线通过能力的同时增强了横向平稳性。由于采用了轴箱内置式的设计,更有利于本方案的轮对交叉支撑装置的安置,有效地减小了一系悬挂的纵向刚度,有利于车辆运行的平稳性,同时兼顾了车辆的曲线通过性。Finally, the bogie uses the axle box built-in scheme to obtain the same lateral stability index as the traditional truck, mainly by increasing the longitudinal stiffness of the first series, but increasing the longitudinal stiffness of the first series will lead to poor curve passing performance. The scheme adopts the wheel set cross support device, which effectively improves the vehicle's ability to pass through curves and enhances the lateral stability at the same time. Due to the adoption of the built-in design of the axle box, it is more conducive to the placement of the wheel set cross support device in this scheme, effectively reducing the longitudinal stiffness of the suspension, which is conducive to the stability of the vehicle running, and at the same time taking into account the curve of the vehicle Passability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是实施例的立体结构示意图一。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment.
图2是实施例的立体结构示意图二。Fig. 2 is the second stereoscopic structural diagram of the embodiment.
图3是实施例的俯视结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the embodiment.
图4是实施例的仰视结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic bottom view of the embodiment.
图5是实施例的主视结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the embodiment.
图6是实施例的侧视结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic side view of the structure of the embodiment.
图7是构架的立体结构示意图一。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the frame.
图8是构架的立体结构示意图二。FIG. 8 is a second perspective view of the framework.
图9是轴箱的立体结构示意图一。Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the axle box.
图10是轴箱的立体结构示意图二。Fig. 10 is a second perspective view of the axle box.
图11是轮对交叉支撑装置的立体结构示意图。Fig. 11 is a three-dimensional structural schematic view of the wheel set cross support device.
图12是抗蛇形减振器、二系横向减振器及一系垂向减振器的立体结构示意图。Fig. 12 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the anti-serpentine shock absorber, the secondary transverse shock absorber and the primary vertical shock absorber.
图13是抗侧滚扭杆装置的立体结构示意图。Fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the anti-roll torsion bar device.
图14是牵引拉杆的立体结构示意图。Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional structural schematic view of the pulling rod.
附图中的标记所对应的部件:1-轮对、2-轴箱、21-转臂、3-制动盘、4-制动单元、5-一系两级刚度钢弹簧、6-构架、61-侧架、62-小横梁、63-大横梁、7-一系垂向减振器、8-二系橡胶堆弹簧、9-二系横向减振器、10-抗蛇行减振器、11-牵引拉杆、12-二系垂向止挡、13-二系横向止挡、14-抗侧滚扭杆装置、141-扭杆、142-扭杆臂、143-连杆、15-轮对交叉支撑装置。The parts corresponding to the marks in the attached drawings: 1-wheel set, 2-axle box, 21-rotary arm, 3-brake disc, 4-brake unit, 5-a series of two-stage stiffness steel spring, 6-frame , 61-side frame, 62-small beam, 63-big beam, 7-first series vertical shock absorber, 8-second series rubber stack spring, 9-second series transverse shock absorber, 10-anti-snake shock absorber , 11-traction rod, 12-secondary vertical stopper, 13-secondary lateral stopper, 14-anti-roll torsion bar device, 141-torsion bar, 142-torsion bar arm, 143-connecting rod, 15- Wheelset cross support device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本实用新型的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本实用新型进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本实用新型,并不用于限定本实用新型。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the utility model, and are not intended to limit the utility model.
本实施例公开了一种高速铁路货车轴箱内置式转向架,如图1-6所示,构成该转向架的主要部件有:轮对、轴箱、制动盘、制动单元、一系两级刚度钢弹簧、构架、一系垂向减振器、二系橡胶堆弹簧、二系横向减振器、抗蛇行减振器、牵引拉杆、二系垂向止挡、二系横向止挡、抗侧滚扭杆装置、轮对交叉支撑装置。This embodiment discloses a high-speed railway freight car axle box built-in bogie, as shown in Fig. 1-6, the main components constituting the bogie include: Two-stage rigidity steel spring, frame, primary vertical shock absorber, secondary rubber stack spring, secondary lateral shock absorber, anti-snaking shock absorber, traction rod, secondary vertical stopper, secondary lateral stopper , Anti-roll torsion bar device, wheel set cross support device.
本实施例将现有转向架的整体焊接式构架、内轴箱悬挂及轮对径向三种技术相结合,提出综合性能优的转向架总体方案,分析其动力学性能具有重要的工程意义。目前,内轴箱悬挂的转向架在中国并未开始使用,对于内轴箱悬挂的转向架的的研究也几乎空白。本方案以内轴箱悬挂的焊接构架转向架为基础,再融合轮对径向耦合技术,设计出一种快速货车转向架总体方案,并对其动力学性能开展较为深入和系统的研究,具有明显的创新性。In this embodiment, the integrated welded frame of the existing bogie, the suspension of the inner axle box and the radial direction of the wheel set are combined to propose an overall bogie scheme with excellent comprehensive performance, and the analysis of its dynamic performance has important engineering significance. At present, bogies suspended from inner axle boxes have not been used in China, and the research on bogies suspended from inner axle boxes is almost blank. This scheme is based on the welded frame bogie suspended from the inner axle box, combined with the radial coupling technology of the wheelset, a general scheme of a fast freight car bogie is designed, and a more in-depth and systematic study of its dynamic performance is carried out, which has obvious advantages innovativeness.
以下对各主要部件的连接方式及作用原理进行具体说明,以达到使本领域技术人员通过阅读该实施例即能够进行实施的目的。如图1-14所示,具体地:The connection mode and function principle of each main component will be described in detail below, so as to enable those skilled in the art to implement after reading this embodiment. As shown in Figure 1-14, specifically:
(1)如图1-6所示,轮对:轮对与轴箱之间通过轴承连接,轴承与车轴之间采用过盈配合。轮对承担车辆的全部重量,且在轨道上高速运行,同时还承受着从车体、钢轨两方面传递来的其他各种静、动作用力,受力很复杂。(1) As shown in Figure 1-6, wheel set: the wheel set and the axle box are connected by bearings, and interference fit is used between the bearings and the axle. The wheelset bears the entire weight of the vehicle and runs at high speed on the track. At the same time, it also bears various other static and dynamic forces transmitted from the car body and rails. The force is very complicated.
(2)如图1-6所示,车轴:能够连续旋转的杠杆,轮轴在转动时轮与轴有相同的转速。 (铁路货车一般是实心轴,由于本设计是一种高速的货车转向架,轴重设计为16.5t,采用的是空心轴)。(2) As shown in Figure 1-6, the axle: a lever that can rotate continuously, and the wheel and the axle have the same speed when the axle rotates. (Railway wagons generally have solid shafts. Since this design is a high-speed truck bogie, the axle load is designed to be 16.5t and hollow shafts are used).
(3)如图9-10所示,轴箱:采用内置式轴箱,将轮对和构架联系在一起,使轮对沿钢轨的滚动转化为车体沿线路的平动;承受车辆的重量,传递个方向的作用力;保证良好的润滑性能。(3) As shown in Figure 9-10, the axle box: the built-in axle box is used to connect the wheel set and the frame, so that the rolling of the wheel set along the rail is converted into the translational motion of the car body along the line; bear the weight of the vehicle , to transmit the force in one direction; to ensure good lubrication performance.
(4)如图9-10所示,轴箱转臂与一系两级刚度钢弹簧:采用转臂式轴箱,轴箱与构架侧架端部通过转臂及一系钢弹簧连接,钢弹簧刚度为两级。缓和垂向冲击,约束轴箱和转向架之间的纵横向运动和传递横向力。(4) As shown in Figure 9-10, the pivoting arm of the axle box and a series of two-stage rigidity steel springs: the pivoting arm type axle box is adopted, and the axle box and the end of the side frame of the frame are connected by a pivoting arm and a series of steel springs. There are two levels of spring rate. Moderate vertical impact, restrict longitudinal and lateral movement between axle box and bogie and transmit lateral force.
(5)如图7-8所示,构架:采用H形整体焊接式构架,联系转向架各部分和传递各方向力。(5) As shown in Figure 7-8, frame: H-shaped overall welded frame is used to connect all parts of the bogie and transmit forces in all directions.
(6)如图1-6所示,制动盘、制动单元:制动方式采用的是轴盘制动,空心车轴上设置有用于安装制动盘的制动盘座,制动盘嵌在轴上,制动单元吊挂在构架小横梁的制动单元座上,用于列车制动。(6) As shown in Figure 1-6, the brake disc and brake unit: the braking method adopts the shaft disc brake, and the hollow axle is provided with a brake disc seat for installing the brake disc. On the shaft, the brake unit is hung on the brake unit seat of the small beam of the frame, which is used for train braking.
(7)如图12所示,一系垂向减振器:轴箱与构架端部之间设置有一系垂向减振器,连接方式是螺栓连接。减小一系垂向振动,衰减振动能量。(7) As shown in Figure 12, a series of vertical shock absorbers: a series of vertical shock absorbers are installed between the axle box and the end of the frame, and the connection method is bolt connection. Reduce a series of vertical vibrations and attenuate vibration energy.
(8)如图1所示,二系橡胶堆弹簧:构架大横梁上中间设置有用于与车体相连的两个二系橡胶堆弹簧,其另外一端直接与车体相连。连接车体和构架,缓和来自轮对的激扰,提高车辆(尤其是车体)的稳定性。(8) As shown in Figure 1, secondary rubber stack springs: two secondary rubber stack springs for connecting with the car body are arranged in the middle of the large beam of the frame, and the other end is directly connected with the car body. Connect the body and frame, ease the disturbance from the wheel set, and improve the stability of the vehicle (especially the body).
(9)如图12所示,抗蛇形减振器:构架上设置有用于与车体相连的抗蛇形减振器,抗蛇形减振器连接在构架侧架两侧,且抗蛇形减振器沿转向架纵向设置。提高车辆蛇形运动稳定性和平稳性,同时又不降低曲线通过能力。(9) As shown in Figure 12, anti-snake shock absorber: the frame is provided with an anti-snake shock absorber for connecting with the vehicle body, and the anti-snake shock absorber is connected to both sides of the side frame of the frame, and the anti-snake shock absorber Shaped shock absorbers are arranged longitudinally along the bogie. Improve the stability and smoothness of the vehicle's serpentine motion without reducing the ability to pass through curves.
(10)如图12所示,二系横向减振器:构架上设置有用于与车体相连的二系横向减振器,二系横向减振器连接在构架小横梁端部,且二系横向减振器沿转向架横向设置。减小二系横向振动,衰减振动能量。(10) As shown in Figure 12, the secondary transverse shock absorber: the frame is provided with a secondary transverse shock absorber for connecting with the vehicle body, the secondary transverse shock absorber is connected to the end of the small beam of the frame, and the secondary transverse shock absorber Transverse shock absorbers are arranged laterally along the bogie. Reduce the lateral vibration of the secondary system and attenuate the vibration energy.
(11)如图1、7所示,二系垂向止挡:构架侧架上设置有二系垂向止挡,垂向止挡设置在二系橡胶堆旁的侧架上。当车辆通过曲线时,限制车体侧滚的最大限度。(11) As shown in Figures 1 and 7, the secondary vertical stop: the frame side frame is provided with a secondary vertical stop, and the vertical stop is arranged on the side frame next to the secondary rubber pile. When the vehicle passes through a curve, limit the maximum roll of the vehicle body.
(12)如图13所示,抗侧滚扭杆装置:抗侧滚扭杆装置由扭杆、扭杆臂及连杆组成。扭杆穿过空心的小横梁,安装在构架小横梁内的抗侧滚扭杆座上,且扭杆两端位于构架侧架两侧;扭杆两端连接有扭杆臂,且扭杆臂沿转向架纵向设置;扭杆臂端部连接有用于与车体相连的连杆,且连杆沿转向架垂向设置。限制车体的侧滚角度,使车体的沉浮运动不受影响。(12) As shown in Figure 13, the anti-roll torsion bar device: the anti-roll torsion bar device consists of a torsion bar, a torsion bar arm and a connecting rod. The torsion bar passes through the hollow small beam and is installed on the anti-roll torsion bar seat in the small beam of the frame, and the two ends of the torsion bar are located on both sides of the side frame of the frame; the two ends of the torsion bar are connected with the torsion bar arm, and the torsion bar arm It is arranged longitudinally along the bogie; the end of the torsion bar arm is connected with a connecting rod for connecting with the car body, and the connecting rod is vertically arranged along the bogie. Limit the roll angle of the car body so that the ups and downs of the car body will not be affected.
(13)如图11所示,轮对交叉支撑装置:采用两个轮对稳定拉杆交叉布置的方式,在轴箱底部设置安装座,将呈对角分布的轴箱通过橡胶堆铰接的方式两两相互连接。其中,一个拉杆中部设置有套环,另一个拉杆穿过套环相互交叉。增强轮对在直线和曲线上的稳定性。(13) As shown in Figure 11, the wheel set cross support device: adopts the way of two wheel set stabilizing rods arranged crosswise, installs the mounting seat at the bottom of the axle box, and hinges the diagonally distributed axle boxes through rubber piles. The two are connected to each other. Wherein, a collar is arranged in the middle of one pull rod, and the other pull rod passes through the collar and intersects each other. Enhances the stability of the wheelset on straight lines and curves.
(14)如图14所示,牵引拉杆:构架大横梁上设置有用于与车体相连的牵引拉杆。连接构架和车体,传递来自转向架的纵向力至车体。(14) As shown in Figure 14, traction rod: the large beam of the frame is provided with a traction rod for connecting with the vehicle body. Connect the frame and car body, and transmit the longitudinal force from the bogie to the car body.
(15)如图1、7所示,二系横向止挡:构架侧架上设置有二系横向止挡,二系横向止挡设置在垂向止挡与橡胶堆弹簧之间。当车辆通过曲线时,限制车体横向位移的最大限度。(15) As shown in Figures 1 and 7, the secondary horizontal stop: the side frame of the frame is provided with a secondary horizontal stop, and the secondary horizontal stop is arranged between the vertical stop and the rubber stack spring. When the vehicle passes through the curve, limit the maximum lateral displacement of the vehicle body.
首先,该转向架一系采用轴箱转臂定位与轮对交叉支撑的方式,降低了一系悬挂定位纵向刚度,有效提高了车辆曲线通过能力。同时,该转向架采用H形整体焊接式构架,轴箱定位方式采用具有高速特性的转臂定位方式,采用抗蛇形减振器和二系横向减振器,有效的提高了车辆蛇形运动的平稳性和运动平稳性,从而提高了车辆运行的临界速度,以达到较高的运行速度。该转向架一系采用两级刚度钢弹簧与转臂定位的方式,二系采用橡胶堆,同时安装有一系垂向减振器、抗蛇行减振器、二系横向减振器、垂向止挡和横向止挡,设计运行速度为200km/h,属于高速货车转向架范畴,在运输一些高附加值产品时有明显优势。First of all, the first series of the bogie adopts the axle box pivot arm positioning and wheel set cross support mode, which reduces the longitudinal stiffness of the first suspension positioning and effectively improves the vehicle's ability to pass through curves. At the same time, the bogie adopts an H-shaped integral welded frame, the axle box positioning method adopts the high-speed rotating arm positioning method, and the anti-snake shock absorber and the secondary transverse shock absorber are used to effectively improve the serpentine movement of the vehicle. The smoothness and smoothness of motion, thereby increasing the critical speed of vehicle operation to achieve a higher operating speed. The first series of the bogie adopts two-stage rigidity steel springs and the positioning method of the rotating arm, the second series adopts rubber piles, and is equipped with a series of vertical shock absorbers, anti-snake shock absorbers, secondary transverse shock absorbers, vertical stop The design speed is 200km/h. It belongs to the category of high-speed truck bogies and has obvious advantages in transporting some high value-added products.
其次,该转向架加装有抗侧滚扭杆装置。传统轴箱外置式货车基本不存在倾覆性差的问题,改用轴箱内置式转向架后,由于轴箱跨距的缩短,轴箱对转向架构架及车体的抗倾覆能力明显降低,甚至有可能超过国家GB5599-85标准对轨道车辆倾覆性的要求,现有货车转向架没有采用抗侧滚扭杆装置来改善车辆的抗倾覆性能。该转向架传统货车使用抗侧滚扭杆装置来改善车辆抗倾覆能力,起抗侧滚作用的扭杆穿过构架小横梁设置,解决了其二系悬挂提供抗侧滚能力不足的问题,弥补了内轴箱悬挂货车转向架倾覆性能力差的问题。本方案还设计有二系垂向止挡,牵引拉杆,轮对交叉支撑装置,对货车的曲线通过性能有明显提升,特别是抗侧滚扭杆与二系垂向止挡装置,弥补了轴箱内置式转向架抗侧滚能力低的不足的特点。Secondly, the bogie is equipped with an anti-roll torsion bar device. Traditional trucks with external axle boxes basically do not have the problem of poor overturning performance. After switching to bogies with built-in axle boxes, due to the shortened span of the axle boxes, the anti-overturning ability of the axle boxes to the bogie frame and the car body is significantly reduced, and even some It may exceed the national GB5599-85 standard on the overturning requirements of rail vehicles, and the existing truck bogies do not use anti-rolling torsion bar devices to improve the anti-overturning performance of the vehicle. The anti-rolling torsion bar device of the traditional truck of the bogie is used to improve the anti-overturning ability of the vehicle. The anti-rolling torsion bar is set through the small beam of the frame, which solves the problem of insufficient anti-rolling ability of the secondary suspension and makes up for it. The problem of poor overturning performance of the truck bogie suspended from the inner axle box is solved. This scheme is also designed with secondary vertical stoppers, traction rods, and wheel set cross support devices, which can significantly improve the curve passing performance of trucks, especially the anti-rolling torsion bar and secondary vertical stoppers, which make up for the axle The box built-in bogie has the disadvantage of low anti-rolling ability.
再次,该转向架在内置式轴箱的基础上,由于车辆设计定位为高速低轴重,所以采用空心轴车轴来更加降低自重,同时极大缩短轴距和采用结构简单的牵引拉杆。具有更低的自重,实现了轻量化,以及低轮轨作用力。轴箱内置式货车转向架与传统的外轴箱货车转向架相比,极大的压缩了所有转向架部件的布置空间,使结构变得十分紧凑,同时缩短了构架大横梁的长度并采用小轴距,减小了轮对、构架尺寸,减轻了整个转向架的整体重量,有效的减轻了簧下质量,车轴长度可以缩短近500mm,该转向架还采用空心车轴技术。转向架总体质量与传统外轴箱转向架相比减少1/5-1/4,同样轴重条件下,载重要比传统外轴箱转向架多5-6t,降低了运输成本,获得了更好的经济性。随着质量的减轻,轮轨间作用力降低,改善了车辆动力学性能,减少了轮轨间的磨耗,降低了运行噪声和环境污染,增加了轮对及铁路钢轨的使用寿命,降低了维护成本。Thirdly, the bogie is based on the built-in axle box. Since the vehicle is designed for high speed and low axle load, the hollow axle axle is used to further reduce the dead weight, while the wheelbase is greatly shortened and the traction rod with simple structure is used. With lower self-weight, it realizes light weight and low wheel-rail force. Compared with the traditional external axle box truck bogie, the axle box built-in freight car bogie greatly reduces the layout space of all bogie components, making the structure very compact. The wheelbase reduces the wheel set and frame size, reduces the overall weight of the entire bogie, effectively reduces the unsprung mass, and the axle length can be shortened by nearly 500mm. The bogie also adopts hollow axle technology. The overall mass of the bogie is reduced by 1/5-1/4 compared with the traditional outer axle box bogie. Under the same axle load, the load is 5-6t more than the traditional outer axle box bogie, which reduces the transportation cost and obtains more good economy. With the reduction of mass, the force between the wheel and rail is reduced, which improves the dynamic performance of the vehicle, reduces the wear between the wheel and rail, reduces the running noise and environmental pollution, increases the service life of the wheel set and railway rail, and reduces maintenance. cost.
最后,该转向架采用轴箱内置式方案想要获得和传统货车相同的横向平稳性指标,主要是通过增大一系纵向刚度,可是增大一系纵向刚度会导致曲线通过性能变差,本方案采用轮对交叉支撑装置,有效的提高车辆的曲线通过能力的同时增强了横向平稳性。由于采用了轴箱内置式的设计,更有利于本方案的轮对交叉支撑装置的安置,有效地减小了一系悬挂的纵向刚度,有利于车辆运行的平稳性,同时兼顾了车辆的曲线通过性。Finally, the bogie uses the axle box built-in scheme to obtain the same lateral stability index as the traditional truck, mainly by increasing the longitudinal stiffness of the first series, but increasing the longitudinal stiffness of the first series will lead to poor curve passing performance. The scheme adopts the wheel set cross support device, which effectively improves the vehicle's ability to pass through curves and enhances the lateral stability at the same time. Due to the adoption of the built-in design of the axle box, it is more conducive to the placement of the wheel set cross support device in this scheme, effectively reducing the longitudinal stiffness of the suspension, which is conducive to the stability of the vehicle running, and at the same time taking into account the curve of the vehicle Passability.
以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本实用新型,凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included in this utility model. within the scope of protection of utility models.
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110254459A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-20 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Installation method, the torsion bar component installation structure of torsion bar component |
CN110539756A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-12-06 | 中车山东机车车辆有限公司 | powered railway vehicle bogie and railway vehicle |
CN110758446A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-02-07 | 中车眉山车辆有限公司 | Underneath type railway wagon bogie wheel set radial device |
CN115195799A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-18 | 西南交通大学 | A method and system for online identification and active control simulation of vehicle meandering motion stability |
CN115431689A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-12-06 | 宁波爱思信息技术有限公司 | Suspension system and vehicle |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110254459A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-20 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Installation method, the torsion bar component installation structure of torsion bar component |
CN110539756A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-12-06 | 中车山东机车车辆有限公司 | powered railway vehicle bogie and railway vehicle |
CN110539756B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2024-05-10 | 中车山东机车车辆有限公司 | Railway vehicle bogie with power and railway vehicle |
CN110758446A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-02-07 | 中车眉山车辆有限公司 | Underneath type railway wagon bogie wheel set radial device |
CN115431689A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-12-06 | 宁波爱思信息技术有限公司 | Suspension system and vehicle |
CN115195799A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-18 | 西南交通大学 | A method and system for online identification and active control simulation of vehicle meandering motion stability |
CN115195799B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2024-04-26 | 西南交通大学 | A method and system for online identification and active control simulation of vehicle snaking motion stability |
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