CN209259888U - A domestic gray water treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of domestic grey water processing systems, belong to grey water treatment field.It includes life wall device, and layer of plants is equipped in life wall device, washes layer of sand, coarse sands layer, gravel layer and porosity levels plate, by layer of plants and greatly-in-distributed combination of small filtrate, the clean-up effect to buck can be promoted；Porosity levels plate lower part is inverted trapezoidal, is located at life wall device bottom, and porosity is greater than 95%, can effectively intercept except system suspended matter, prevent system jams.Grey water treatment system provided by the utility model, have the advantages that small occupied area, at low cost, simple structure and reasonable design, easily fabricated, easy to operate and good purification, in practical applications, life wall device can be arranged in building side, and fully consider surrounding enviroment actual features.

Description

A domestic gray water treatment system

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of gray water treatment, and more specifically relates to a domestic gray water treatment system for treating urban and rural domestic gray water.

Background technique

At present, my country's population is increasing rapidly, and the quality and quantity of fresh water resources are declining rapidly. The distribution of water resources does not match the population and economic layout, and the pressure on the supply of water for residents is increasing. Sewage reuse can not only reduce pollution discharge and water pollution, but also an important means to solve the shortage of domestic and industrial water in our country. According to the latest statistical data, the recycling rate of sewage in my country is extremely low, accounting for only 7.2% of the total. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the research on sewage purification and reuse.

Among all kinds of sewage, the discharge rate of domestic sewage accounts for about 55% of the total sewage. According to the degree of sewage pollution and the different sources, domestic sewage can be divided into four categories: black water, yellow water, brown water and gray water. water. Domestic gray water mainly refers to kitchen waste water, washing waste water and bath waste water discharged in daily life, accounting for as high as 50% to 80% of domestic sewage. Compared with domestic black water, yellow water and brown water, the pollution degree of gray water is relatively light, containing only a small amount of pathogenic bacteria, pathogens and pollutants such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and has high value for reuse and treatment. It is easily accepted by the public, and it is one of the most potential water reuse sources. Therefore, the research on the treatment of gray water has attracted extensive attention from researchers at home and abroad.

Currently, gray water treatment technologies mainly include physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical methods mainly include coarse sand, soil filtration and membrane filtration, followed by disinfection treatment. However, the concentration of organic matter and suspended solids in the water treated by a separate physical treatment technology does not meet the standards for reuse. For example, March et al. (Experiences ongreywater reuse for toilet flushing in a hote [J], Desalination, 2004, 164 (3): 241-247) utilized a filter device of nylon material in combination with a sedimentation and disinfection process to treat gray water from a bath. After treatment, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, suspended solids concentration (SS) and total nitrogen (TN) in the bath gray water were reduced from 171mg/L, 20NTU, 44mg/L and 11.4mg/L to 78mg/L, 16.5NTU, 18.6mg/L and 7.1mg/L, the corresponding removal rates are only 54%, 17.5%, 57.8% and 36.8%, the removal rates are extremely low. The chemical treatment methods of gray water include coagulation, photocatalytic oxidation, ion exchange and granular activated carbon treatment. The chemical treatment method has the advantages of system controllability and more intelligentization. It is combined with other technologies to further improve the water quality of purified water. However, the introduction of chemical reagents often brings secondary pollution. Such as the Chinese patent, application number: 201711058783.9, application date: 2017.11.01, the invention patent announced a domestic sewage treatment agent, which is composed of river sand, clay, diatomaceous earth, ferric chloride, activated carbon, silicon dioxide, rock Composed of sand crystals and plant ash, it is used to treat domestic sewage with high concentration, which can inhibit the growth of algae, but it is easy to introduce other pollution sources, causing secondary pollution of water quality. Biological methods for treating domestic gray water include: biological rotating disk method, sequencing batch reactor, upflow anaerobic sludge bed, constructed wetland treatment and membrane bioreactor. Such as the Chinese patent, application number: CN201320372762.5, application date: 2013.06.26, the utility model patent discloses a ciliated biological turntable, a sewage treatment device and a sewage treatment system. The inner layer of the ciliated biological turntable is a supporting material. The outer layer is fixed with ciliated material. The sewage treatment device is divided into multiple stages, and each stage includes multiple biological turntable groups. The ciliated biological turntable used has a large specific surface area, high film-hanging performance, and high treatment efficiency for domestic gray water. The disadvantages are: due to the low concentration of domestic gray water pollutants, low organic matter content, and lack of nutrients and trace elements , The film-hanging performance is poor, and nutrients need to be added, which is likely to cause secondary pollution of the water body.

The wetland treatment system has low operating cost, easy maintenance, high process efficiency and ornamental value. It is considered as a friendly and economical gray water treatment process, but its practical application is limited due to its large area. Such as the Chinese patent, application number: CN200910250342.8, application date: 20091204, the invention patent discloses an integrated gray water treatment method and system, the integrated gray water treatment method includes collection adjustment steps, biological oxidation treatment, solid-liquid Separation step, continuous flow sand filtration advanced treatment step and disinfection step, the pre-filtered water from the solid-liquid separation area is evenly distributed through the water inlet distribution pipe at the bottom of the continuous flow sand filter, and flows upward along the sand filter layer. During the process, the fine suspended solids are intercepted, and the clear water passes through the sand filter layer and then collects on the upper part of the filter and flows into the reuse water unit through the clear water pipe; the effluent of the advanced treatment unit kills the microorganisms in it by adding disinfectant. The invention integrates collection, treatment and reuse into one treatment system, which has low treatment difficulty, low investment cost and greatly improved pollutant removal effect. Its shortcomings are that the device is easy to block, the construction scale is relatively large, and the management steps are more and more complicated. It is not suitable for enterprises, small residential areas and scattered rural family households.

Contents of the invention

1. Problems to be solved

In view of the fact that the existing gray water treatment device is easy to block, the purification effect is poor, and it is easy to produce secondary pollution. It occupies a large area and is not suitable for application in dense urban areas and scattered rural areas. The state causes the effluent water to become black and smelly. The utility model provides a domestic gray water treatment system integrating water collection, purification treatment and disinfection. A porous horizontal plate is arranged at the bottom, and plants and large-medium-small The distribution and combination of filter materials ensures the purification effect of gray water, avoids the oversaturated anaerobic state of the lower layer, and improves the surrounding reoxygenation environment. It has the advantages of low cost, low maintenance, small footprint, flexible application and good purification effect .

2. Technical solution

In order to solve the above problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

A domestic gray water treatment system includes a water collection well, a disinfection tank and a living wall device; the water collection well is connected to the water inlet at the bottom of the living wall device through a pipeline; the disinfection tank is connected to the water outlet at the bottom of the living wall device through a pipeline; the water collection well and the living wall device are connected through a pipeline. A peristaltic pump is installed on the connecting pipe of the living wall device; a water outlet switch is installed on the connecting pipe between the disinfection tank and the living wall device; the living wall device is set on one side of the building, which includes plants, water distribution area, Filter material area and saturated area; the upper layer of the filter material area is a washed sand layer, the middle layer is a coarse sand layer, and the lower layer is a gravel layer; the saturated area is filled with a porous horizontal plate, and the upper side wall of the porous horizontal plate fits with the inner wall of the living wall device. There is a gap between the lower side wall and the inner wall of the living wall device; the water inlet and the water outlet at the bottom of the living wall device are respectively located on opposite sides of the saturation zone.

Preferably, the plants include ornamental flowers or vines, with a planting density of 5-20 plants/m ² ; the ornamental flowers include honeysuckle, lily, reed, strelitzia, and sedge, etc.; the vines include Grape vines, creepers, ivy, hanging vines, etc.

Preferably, the thickness of the washed sand layer is 43-62 cm, and the particle size of the washed sand is 2-4 mm; the thickness of the coarse sand layer is 5-12 cm, and the particle size of the coarse sand is 3-7 mm; the thickness of the gravel layer is 5-12 cm, and the gravel layer is The particle size is 6-12mm. The filter material can also be replaced with other filter materials, such as ceramsite, perlite or various mixtures. At the same time, in the early stage of system operation, the upper 8-14cm of washed sand is mixed with soil to support plant growth.

Preferably, the bottom surface of the porous horizontal plate is in close contact with the bottom surface of the living wall device, the height is 12-20cm, the porosity is >95%, and a filter is provided on the water outlet side to prevent larger particles from flowing out and mixed pollution. .

Preferably, the internal pore diameters of the porous horizontal plate are longitudinally and vertically distributed.

Preferably, the internal pore diameters of the porous horizontal plate are distributed obliquely.

Preferably, the internal through holes of the porous horizontal plate have a certain curvature.

Preferably, the upper part of the living wall device has a super height of 2-4 cm and a water distribution area of 7-15 cm.

Preferably, a timer is provided on the connecting pipe between the water collection well and the living wall device, and the specification of the timer is Delixi KG316TS type.

Preferably, a water outlet switch is provided on the connecting pipe between the disinfection pool and the living wall device.

3. Beneficial effects

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

(1) The living wall gray water treatment system provided by the utility model is provided with a water collection well to facilitate the collection of gray water for use; the living wall device is provided with plants and large-medium-small filter material layers (washed sand layer) , coarse sand layer, gravel layer), while the plant itself absorbs and purifies pollutants, a large number of microorganisms will gather in its roots, and rhizosphere microorganisms will promote plant nutrient cycle, growth metabolism, maintenance of root environment and degradation of harmful pollutants , which greatly improves the water purification ability. At the same time, the large-medium-small filter layer and the interception and filtration and biodegradation of microorganisms attached to it further improve the removal effect of water pollutants. Through the plant and filter layer Synergy can greatly improve the purification effect of the system on sewage;

The saturated area at the bottom of the living wall device is filled with a porous horizontal plate, which is beneficial to the flow of the water body and the upper side wall of the porous horizontal plate fits with the inner wall of the living wall device, and there is a gap between the lower side wall and the inner wall of the living wall device; that is, it is beneficial to the flow of the water body The flow and gas discharge flow can avoid the oversaturated anaerobic state of the lower layer, improve the surrounding reoxygenation environment, and improve the space utilization rate of the device. There is no need to reserve space at the bottom of the porous plate and the bottom of the living wall, which reduces the volume of the device; porous The internal aperture of the horizontal plate is obliquely distributed and has a certain radian, which can effectively intercept suspended solids (TSS) outside the device and prevent the device from clogging; finally, through the subsequent treatment of the disinfection tank, the effluent of the purified water body is further improved. water quality;

(2) The living wall gray water treatment system provided by the utility model adopts single-stage treatment, and is planted with ornamental flowers and plants or vines; the living wall device is arranged on one side of the building, which can fully consider the actual characteristics of the surrounding environment and reduce the Covering an area, the management cost and construction cost of gray water treatment can be reduced to the greatest extent; the method for domestic gray water treatment using the system of the utility model has simple operation and good treatment effect, and can reduce total suspended solids (TSS), The removal rates of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) reached 94-96%, 98-99%, 80-83%, 85-88% respectively % and 53-56%; From the perspective of sustainable development, the separate treatment and reuse of gray water in domestic sewage is a relatively advanced concept of sewage treatment, and it is also a way to realize the recycling of water resources and improve the utilization rate of water resources. important way of

(3) The domestic gray water treatment system provided by the utility model is simple in structure, reasonable in design, easy to manufacture and easy to operate, the cost of the selected materials is low, and the purification effect is remarkable, especially suitable for dense urban areas and scattered rural areas. Larger market prospects and promotion and application value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of domestic gray water treatment system in the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the structure schematic diagram of porous horizontal plate in the utility model;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the porous horizontal plate in the utility model;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a porous horizontal plate in the utility model;

In the figure: 1. Water collection well; 2. Living wall device; 3. Disinfection tank; 4. Outlet switch; 5. Plant; 6. Filter area; 7. Washed sand layer; 8. Coarse sand layer; 9. Gravel layer ; 10, porous horizontal plate; 11, peristaltic pump; 12, timer; 13, building; 14, filter.

Detailed ways

The utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of domestic gray water treatment system comprises a water collection well 1, a disinfection pond 3, and a living wall device 2; the living wall device 2 is arranged on one side of a building 13, and includes plants 5, The filter area 6 and the saturated area, the bottom of the living wall device 2 are also provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, which are respectively located on the opposite side walls of the saturated area; Connect with the water outlet of the living wall device 2 through the pipeline; Peristaltic pump 11 and timer 12 (Delixi KG316TS type timer can be used.) are installed on the connecting pipeline between the sump well 1 and the living wall device 2; Disinfecting pool 3 and The connecting pipe of the living wall device 2 is provided with a water outlet switch 4 .

The plant 5 planted on the upper layer of the living wall device 2 is honeysuckle, and the planting density is 5 plants/m ² ;

The upper layer in the filter area 6 is a washed sand layer 7 with a thickness of 43cm and a washed sand particle size of 2 to 4 mm; a coarse sand layer with a thickness of 5 cm and a coarse sand particle size of 3 to 7 mm; a gravel layer with a thickness of 5 cm and a gravel particle size of 6 ~ 12mm. The filter material can also be replaced with other filter materials, such as ceramsite, perlite or various mixtures. At the same time, in the early stage of system operation, the upper washed sand is mixed with soil to support plant growth.

The saturated area is filled with porous horizontal plates 10, the side walls of the porous horizontal plates 10 fit with the inner walls of the living wall device 2, the bottom is in the shape of an inverted terrace, and a filter screen 14 is provided on the water outlet side to prevent larger particles from flowing out and avoid Mixed pollution, the internal pore diameter is vertically distributed, the height is 12cm, and the porosity is >95%, so as to avoid the oversaturated anaerobic state of the lower layer and improve the surrounding reoxygenation environment.

The working principle of the gray water treatment system in this embodiment is: the water collection well 1 is used to collect the domestic gray water that needs to be treated, the peristaltic pump 11 is turned on, and its rotating speed is adjusted to control the water intake rate, (the timer 12 is switched on and off in advance set to make it enter the timing mode), the domestic gray water in the sump 1 enters the living wall device 2 under the driving action of the peristaltic pump 11, and the gray water to be purified entering the living wall device 2 passes through the porous horizontal plate 10, After the gravel layer 9, the coarse sand layer 8 and the washed sand layer 7 enter the water distribution area, when the set time is reached, the timer 12 automatically controls the peristaltic pump 11 to shut down and stop the water intake. 5 and the synergistic effect of the filter material area 6 for circular purification. After the purification is completed, the water outlet switch 4 is turned on, and the water body in the living wall device 2 enters the disinfection pool 3 for further disinfection and purification.

In this embodiment, before the official operation of the system, the plants 5 are transferred to the living wall device 2, watered with tap water, and supplemented with nutrient solution regularly for 10 days. Influent hydraulic load range is 55-110mm/d, pH range is 6.5-9.3, total suspended solids (TSS) concentration range is 50-400mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration range is 50-800mg/L, The total organic carbon (TOC) concentration ranges from 30 to 100 mg/L, the total nitrogen (TN) concentration ranges from 5 to 100 mg/L, and the total phosphorus (TP) concentration ranges from 1 to 150 mg/L. The system was flooded 5 days a week and rested 2 days a week.

The system has been running continuously for 3 months to purify bathing gray water, and monitor the quality of effluent water every 3 days. The final treatment effect is shown in Table 1, and the TSS, BOD, TOC and TN in gray water are all higher. The removal effect of TP also maintained a high removal rate.

The influent and effluent water quality test index situation of certain bath gray water in the embodiment 1 of table 1

Test indicators pH TSS(mg/L) BOD(mg/L) TOC (mg/L) TN (mg/L) TP (mg/L) Influent water quality 6.5～9.3 50～200 50～150 30～80 10～20 1～4 Water quality 7.4～7.9 2～12 1～3 5～16 2～15 0.4～1.9 Removal rate — 94-96% 98～99% 80-83% 85-88% 53-56%

Example 2

In this example, the gray water treatment system is further optimized on the basis of Example 1. The difference is that the type of gray water to be treated is laundry gray water, and planting plants 5 are ornamental grape vines, and the planting density is 20 plants. /m ² , using the walls of the building 13 to make the roots grow and climb.

The upper layer in the filter area 6 is a washed sand layer 7 with a thickness of 62cm and a washed sand particle size of 2.5 to 3 mm; a coarse sand layer with a thickness of 12 cm and a coarse sand particle size of 4 to 5 mm; a gravel layer with a thickness of 12 cm and a gravel particle size of 8 ~ 10mm.

The height of the porous horizontal plate 10 is 20 cm, and the internal apertures are distributed obliquely; other parts are the same as in Embodiment 1.

In this embodiment, the influent hydraulic load is 70 mm/d, the pH range is 8.3 to 9.3, the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration range is 180 to 310 mg/L, and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration range is 80 to 450 mg/L , the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration ranges from 20 to 60 mg/L, the total nitrogen (TN) concentration ranges from 5 to 15 mg/L, and the total phosphorus (TP) concentration ranges from 10 to 100 mg/L.

The system has been running continuously for 2 months to purify the laundry gray water, and monitor the quality of the effluent water every 5 days. The final treatment effect is shown in Table 2, and the TSS, BOD, TOC and TN in the gray water are all higher. The removal effect of TP also maintained a high removal rate.

The influent and effluent water quality test index situation of certain laundry gray water in the embodiment 2 of table 2

Test indicators pH TSS(mg/L) BOD(mg/L) TOC (mg/L) TN (mg/L) TP (mg/L) Influent water quality 8.3～9.3 180～310 80～450 20～60 5～15 10～100 Water quality 8.7～9.4 9～25 2～18 3～10 0.5～1.7 6～66 Removal rate — 92～95% 96-98% 84-86% 89-91% 34-44%

Example 3

This example further optimizes the gray water treatment system on the basis of Example 2, where the difference is that the type of gray water to be treated is kitchen gray water, the plant 5 is lily, and the planting density is 9 plants/m ² ;

The upper layer in the filter area 6 is a washed sand layer 7 with a thickness of 53cm and a washed sand particle size of 3-3.5mm; a coarse sand layer with a thickness of 8cm and a coarse sand particle size of 3.8-6mm; a gravel layer with a thickness of 7cm and a gravel particle size of It is 9-11mm.

The internal through holes of the porous horizontal plate 10 have a certain radian, and the height is 16 cm; other parts are the same as in the first embodiment.

In this embodiment, the influent hydraulic load is 85 mm/d, the pH range is 6.5 to 8.3, the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration range is 150 to 400 mg/L, and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration range is 450 to 800 mg/L , the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration ranges from 40 to 100 mg/L, the total nitrogen (TN) concentration ranges from 50 to 100 mg/L, and the total phosphorus (TP) concentration ranges from 20 to 150 mg/L.

The system has been running continuously for 3 months to purify the gray water in the kitchen, and the quality of the effluent water is monitored every 5 days. The treatment effect is shown in Table 3, and the TSS, BOD, TOC and TN in the gray water are all highly removed. As a result, it also maintained a high removal rate for TP.

The influent and effluent water quality test index situation of certain kitchen gray water in the embodiment 3 of table 3

Test indicators pH TSS(mg/L) BOD(mg/L) TOC (mg/L) TN (mg/L) TP (mg/L) Influent water quality 6.5～8.3 150～400 450～800 40～100 50～100 20～150 Water quality 6.8～8.6 15～64 5～16 6～18 2～10 10～75 Removal rate — 84-90% 98～99% 82-85% 90-94% 50-54%

Example 4

This example further optimizes the gray water treatment system on the basis of Example 1, where the difference is that the type of gray water treated is artificial gray water, and the plant 5 is Strelitzia chinensis, and the planting density is 12 plants /m ² , other parts are the same as in Example 1.

In this embodiment, the hydraulic load of the influent gray water is 100 mm/d, the pH range is 7.2 to 7.8, the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration range is 70 to 120 mg/L, and the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration range is 104 to 270 mg /L, the concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) ranges from 30 to 60 mg/L, the range of total nitrogen (TN) concentration ranges from 5 to 12 mg/L, and the range of total phosphorus (TP) concentration ranges from 2 to 4 mg/L.

The system has been continuously operated for 2 months to purify the artificial gray water, and the quality of the effluent water is monitored every 5 days. The treatment effect is shown in Table 4.

The influent and effluent water quality test index situation of a certain artificial gray water in the embodiment 4 of table 4

Test indicators pH TSS(mg/L) BOD(mg/L) TOC (mg/L) TN (mg/L) TP (mg/L) Influent water quality 7.2～7.8 70～120 104～270 30～60 5～12 2～4 Water quality 7.3～8.1 3～9 2～5 4～9 2～3 1～3 Removal rate — 92～95% 97-98% 85-86% 60～75% 25～50%

It has a high removal effect on TSS, BOD, TOC and TN in gray water, and maintains a high removal rate on TP.

Claims (10)

1. A domestic gray water treatment system, comprising a water collection well (1) and a disinfection pond (3), is characterized in that: it also includes a living wall device (2); the water collection well (1) is connected to the living wall device ( 2) The water inlet at the bottom is connected; the disinfection tank (3) is connected with the water outlet at the bottom of the living wall device (2) through a pipeline; The living wall device (2) is arranged on one side of the building (13), and the living wall device (2) includes plants (5), water distribution area, filter material area (6) and saturation area from top to bottom; The water inlet and the water outlet are respectively located on opposite sides of the saturation zone; The saturated area is filled with a porous horizontal plate (10), the upper side wall of the porous horizontal plate (10) fits with the inner wall of the living wall device (2), and the lower side wall and the inner wall of the living wall device (2) remain There are gaps. 2. A kind of domestic gray water treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a peristaltic pump (11) is installed on the connecting pipe between the collection well (1) and the living wall device (2); A water outlet switch (4) is provided on the connecting pipe between the pool (3) and the living wall device (2). 3. A domestic gray water treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plants (5) are planted in the filter area (6), including honeysuckle, lily, reed, strelitzia, and sedge The planting density of the flowers and plants and vines including grape vines, creepers, ivy and hanging vines is 5-20 plants/m ² . 4. A domestic gray water treatment system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the upper layer of the filter material area (6) is a washed sand layer (7) mixed with soil, and the filling thickness is 43-62 cm , the washed sand particle size is 2-4mm; the middle layer is a coarse sand layer (8) with a particle size of 3-7mm, and the filling thickness is 5-12cm; the lower layer is a gravel layer (9) with a particle size of 6-12mm, and the filling thickness is 5~12cm. 5. A domestic gray water treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom surface of the porous horizontal plate (10) is in close contact with the bottom surface of the living wall device (2), the height is 12-20cm, and the porosity> 95%, the water outlet side is provided with a filter screen (14) to prevent larger particles from flowing out and avoid mixed pollution. 6. A domestic gray water treatment system according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: the internal through holes of the porous horizontal plate (10) are longitudinally and vertically distributed. 7. A domestic gray water treatment system according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: the internal through holes of the porous horizontal plate (10) are distributed obliquely. 8. The domestic gray water treatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that: the internal through holes of the porous horizontal plate (10) have a certain radian. 9. The domestic gray water treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper part of the living wall device (2) still has a super height of 2-4 cm and a water distribution area of 7-15 cm. 10. A domestic gray water treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a timer (12) is also provided on the connecting pipe between the collection well (1) and the living wall device (2), and the Timer (12) specification is Delixi KG316TS type timer.