CN209159438U - A semi-suspended electric maglev vehicle - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及磁悬浮技术，特别涉及一种半悬浮的电动磁悬浮汽车。The utility model relates to a magnetic suspension technology, in particular to a semi-suspended electric magnetic suspension vehicle.
背景技术Background technique
现有技术中的“磁悬浮汽车”，大多是在传统电动汽车的基础上，依靠前、后轮磁悬浮支撑系统实现悬浮功能。整个磁悬浮支撑系统包括前、后车轮支撑半轴、调速离合器、前、后磁轮、电机(包括：壳体、定子、转子、磁钢、电磁绕组等)等主要结构。Most of the "maglev vehicles" in the prior art are based on traditional electric vehicles, relying on the front and rear wheel magnetic suspension support systems to achieve the suspension function. The entire magnetic suspension support system includes the main structures such as front and rear wheel supporting axles, speed control clutch, front and rear magnetic wheels, motor (including: shell, stator, rotor, magnetic steel, electromagnetic winding, etc.).
现有技术中的上述磁悬浮汽车实现磁悬浮的具体工作原理为：将前、后车轮支撑半轴固定于车架上，将电机嵌套在相应的磁轮中，使用现有技术中成熟的动力磁悬浮电机技术，利用磁力作用将车轮中电机定子悬浮于空中，使电机转子与定子之间没有机械接触。定子与车身连接并保持悬浮状态，支撑车身的整体重量。轴向上通过外绕组和磁钢作用，提供轴向的磁悬浮力，使得车轮轴向固定，但无接触。利用电磁转矩作用驱动车轮旋转，带动车轮沿路面行驶。汽车的转向亦是利用传统汽车技术中的车轮差速原理来实现。The specific working principle of the above-mentioned magnetic levitation vehicle in the prior art to realize the magnetic levitation is as follows: the front and rear wheel supporting axle shafts are fixed on the frame, the motor is nested in the corresponding magnetic wheel, and the mature power magnetic levitation in the prior art is used. The motor technology uses the magnetic force to suspend the motor stator in the wheel in the air, so that there is no mechanical contact between the motor rotor and the stator. The stator is connected to the vehicle body and remains suspended, supporting the overall weight of the vehicle body. Through the action of the outer winding and the magnetic steel in the axial direction, the axial magnetic levitation force is provided, so that the wheel is axially fixed, but there is no contact. The electromagnetic torque is used to drive the wheels to rotate and drive the wheels to travel along the road. The steering of the car is also realized by using the wheel differential principle in traditional car technology.
在上述磁悬浮汽车的技术方案中，是将磁浮电机嵌套于车轮中，依靠动力磁悬浮电机技术来实现悬浮功能，并依靠电磁转矩驱车前行。相对而言，该技术方案中的整车结构比较复杂，装配工艺难度大，因而也导致整车成本较高。再者，该技术方案对磁悬浮电机的技术要求较高，支撑整个车体悬浮所需电能也比较大。整个磁悬浮系统对于外界的干扰较敏感。In the technical solution of the above-mentioned maglev vehicle, the maglev motor is embedded in the wheel, the suspension function is realized by the power maglev motor technology, and the vehicle is driven by the electromagnetic torque. Relatively speaking, the structure of the whole vehicle in this technical solution is relatively complicated, and the assembly process is difficult, which also leads to a higher cost of the whole vehicle. Furthermore, this technical solution has relatively high technical requirements on the magnetic levitation motor, and the electric energy required to support the suspension of the entire vehicle body is also relatively large. The entire maglev system is sensitive to external disturbances.
另外，现有技术中还提出了一种用于磁悬浮轨道式铁公路的可变轨道的轨道式磁悬浮汽车。在该技术方案中，在汽车的顶部安装可变轨道的磁铁轮组吸住磁悬浮轨道式铁公路，磁悬浮汽车顶部磁铁轮组和铁轨道用磁铁吸式磁悬浮，磁悬浮汽车下方是直线电机连接磁铁轨道用磁浮式磁悬浮。In addition, the prior art also proposes a track-type maglev vehicle used for the variable track of a maglev track-type iron highway. In this technical solution, a magnet wheel set with a variable track is installed on the top of the car to attract the magnetic suspension track type iron road, the top magnet wheel set and the iron track of the magnetic suspension car use magnet suction type magnetic suspension, and the bottom of the magnetic suspension car is a linear motor connected to the magnet track Magnetic levitation.
在上述轨道式磁悬浮汽车的技术方案中，需要设计一系列复杂的控制系统以及检测系统，系统中包括机电协调控制器、悬浮驱动控制器以及各类传感器，控制系统的设计较复杂。In the technical scheme of the above-mentioned rail-mounted maglev vehicle, a series of complex control systems and detection systems need to be designed. The system includes an electromechanical coordination controller, a suspension drive controller and various sensors, and the design of the control system is relatively complicated.
实用新型内容Utility model content
有鉴于此，本实用新型提供一种半悬浮的电动磁悬浮汽车，从而可以实现整个电动磁悬浮汽车的半悬浮，使得整车与路面的接触面减少，有效地减少车轮的磨耗，增加汽车的使用寿命。In view of this, the present utility model provides a semi-suspended electric magnetic levitation vehicle, which can realize the semi-suspension of the entire electric magnetic levitation vehicle, so that the contact surface between the whole vehicle and the road surface is reduced, the wear of the wheels is effectively reduced, and the service life of the vehicle is increased. .
本实用新型的技术方案具体是这样实现的：The technical scheme of the present utility model is specifically realized in this way:
一种半悬浮的电动磁悬浮汽车，该电动磁悬浮汽车包括：车体、磁轮和磁轮驱动电机；A semi-suspended electric maglev vehicle, the electric maglev vehicle comprises: a vehicle body, a magnetic wheel and a magnetic wheel drive motor;
所述磁轮安装在所述车体的下部，且所述磁轮的底部与磁浮车道抵接；所述磁浮车道包括路基和铺设于路基上的导体板；The magnetic wheel is installed at the lower part of the vehicle body, and the bottom of the magnetic wheel is in contact with the maglev lane; the maglev lane includes a roadbed and a conductor plate laid on the roadbed;
所述磁轮驱动电机设置在所述磁轮的中部，用于驱动所述磁轮发生转动，使得所述磁轮带动车体在所述导体板上运动。The magnetic wheel driving motor is arranged in the middle of the magnetic wheel, and is used for driving the magnetic wheel to rotate, so that the magnetic wheel drives the vehicle body to move on the conductor plate.
较佳的，所述磁轮包括：橡胶外轮、永磁体阵列和连接层；Preferably, the magnetic wheel includes: a rubber outer wheel, a permanent magnet array and a connecting layer;
所述永磁体阵列设置在橡胶外轮和连接层之间；the permanent magnet array is arranged between the rubber outer wheel and the connecting layer;
所述连接层设置在所述永磁体阵列和磁轮驱动电机之间，且环绕所述磁轮驱动电机。The connection layer is disposed between the permanent magnet array and the magnetic wheel drive motor and surrounds the magnetic wheel drive motor.
较佳的，所述永磁体阵列为环形海尔贝克阵列。Preferably, the permanent magnet array is an annular Halbeck array.
较佳的，所述导体板为铝板或铜板。Preferably, the conductor plate is an aluminum plate or a copper plate.
如上可见，本实用新型所提供的半悬浮的电动磁悬浮汽车，由于使用了磁轮和铺设于路基上的磁浮车道上的导体板，因此可以基于电动磁悬浮原理，并结合永磁体环形阵列的特性，实现整个电动磁悬浮汽车的半悬浮，使得整车与路面的接触面减少，从而可以有效地减少车轮的磨耗，增加汽车的使用寿命。As can be seen from the above, the semi-levitation electric magnetic levitation vehicle provided by the present invention uses the magnetic wheel and the conductor plate laid on the magnetic levitation lane on the roadbed, so it can be based on the principle of electric magnetic levitation and combined with the characteristics of the ring array of permanent magnets. The semi-suspension of the whole electric maglev vehicle is realized, so that the contact surface between the whole vehicle and the road surface is reduced, which can effectively reduce the wear of the wheels and increase the service life of the vehicle.
另外，更进一步的，本实用新型中还可以利用上述的半悬浮状态，将磁场作为弹性介质，使得上述的电动磁悬浮汽车具备更优良的减振性能，提升汽车的运行平稳性以及乘坐舒适度。In addition, further, in the present invention, the above-mentioned semi-suspended state can also be used, and the magnetic field can be used as an elastic medium, so that the above-mentioned electric magnetic levitation vehicle has better vibration damping performance, and improves the running stability and riding comfort of the vehicle.
此外，在本实用新型的技术方案中，还可以将电动磁悬浮系统产生的电磁阻力变为驱动整个汽车前行的一部分驱动力，将“磁阻力”变为前行的“驱动力”，再结合传统驱动前行模式(由车轮与路面的摩擦而产生的摩擦力驱动汽车前行)，可以实现“双重驱动”。In addition, in the technical solution of the present invention, the electromagnetic resistance generated by the electric magnetic levitation system can also be changed into a part of the driving force for driving the entire vehicle forward, and the "magnetic resistance" can be changed into the forward "driving force", and then Combined with the traditional drive forward mode (the friction force generated by the friction between the wheels and the road surface drives the car forward), "dual drive" can be achieved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型实施例中的半悬浮的电动磁悬浮汽车的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a semi-suspended electric maglev vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本实用新型实施例中的磁轮受力分析示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of the magnetic wheel in the embodiment of the present invention.
图3为本实用新型实施例中的磁轮的结构示意图。3 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic wheel in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本实用新型的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下参照附图并举实施例，对本实用新型进一步详细说明。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more clearly understood, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
本实施例提供了一种半悬浮的电动磁悬浮汽车。This embodiment provides a semi-suspended electric maglev vehicle.
图1为本实用新型实施例中的半悬浮的电动磁悬浮汽车的结构示意图。如图1所示，本实用新型实施例中的半悬浮的电动磁悬浮汽车包括：车体11、磁轮12和磁轮驱动电机15；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a semi-suspended electric maglev vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the semi-suspended electric magnetic levitation vehicle in the embodiment of the present invention includes: a vehicle body 11 , a magnetic wheel 12 and a magnetic wheel drive motor 15 ;
所述磁轮12安装在所述车体11的下部，且所述磁轮12的底部与磁浮车道抵接；所述磁浮车道包括路基14和铺设于路基14上的导体板13；The magnetic wheel 12 is installed at the lower part of the vehicle body 11, and the bottom of the magnetic wheel 12 is in contact with the maglev lane; the maglev lane includes a roadbed 14 and a conductor plate 13 laid on the roadbed 14;
所述磁轮驱动电机15设置在所述磁轮12的中部，用于驱动所述磁轮12发生转动，使得所述磁轮12带动车体11在所述导体板13上运动。The magnetic wheel driving motor 15 is disposed in the middle of the magnetic wheel 12 and is used to drive the magnetic wheel 12 to rotate, so that the magnetic wheel 12 drives the vehicle body 11 to move on the conductor plate 13 .
在本实用新型的技术方案中，上述的磁轮在磁轮驱动电机的驱动之下发生转动时，将产生一个随时间变化的磁场；该磁场将切割磁浮车道上的导体板(例如，铝板或铜板)。根据电磁感应定律，该磁场将在导体板内部产生感应电动势，该导体板本身各部分构成回路，从而在导体板中生成与永磁体(即磁轮)一起运动的内循环电流(即镜像涡流)。而该镜像涡流又将产生一个磁场，该镜像涡流产生的磁场与磁轮的磁场相互作用产生一个竖直向上的悬浮力，该悬浮力可将电动磁悬浮汽车整体向上托起一定的高度(但未完全克服整个电动磁悬浮汽车的重力)，使整个电动磁悬浮汽车呈现“半悬浮”的状态，即车轮(磁轮)并未完全脱离磁浮车道上的导体板。In the technical solution of the present invention, when the above-mentioned magnetic wheel rotates under the drive of the magnetic wheel drive motor, a magnetic field that changes with time will be generated; the magnetic field will cut the conductor plate (for example, aluminum plate or copper plate). According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the magnetic field will generate an induced electromotive force inside the conductor plate, and each part of the conductor plate itself forms a loop, thereby generating an inner circulating current (ie, mirror eddy current) that moves together with the permanent magnet (ie, the magnetic wheel) in the conductor plate. . And the mirror eddy current will generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field generated by the mirror eddy current interacts with the magnetic field of the magnetic wheel to generate a vertical upward levitation force, which can lift the electric magnetic levitation vehicle as a whole to a certain height (but not Completely overcome the gravity of the entire electric maglev vehicle), so that the entire electric maglev vehicle presents a "semi-levitation" state, that is, the wheels (magnetic wheels) are not completely separated from the conductor plate on the maglev lane.
而在该电动磁悬浮汽车的行驶过程中，上述的镜像涡流场将施加一水平方向的磁阻力于磁轮上。图2为本实用新型实施例中的磁轮受力分析示意图，根据图2中所示的受力分析可知，上述的磁阻力可为电动磁悬浮汽车的运动(例如，向前行驶或者向后倒退等)提供一部分驱动力；同时，由于磁轮并未完全脱离磁浮车道上的导体板，因此磁轮在导体板上转动时所产生的摩擦力也将提供另一部分的驱动力，从而驱动整个电动磁悬浮汽车沿着相应的方向发生运动。During the driving process of the electric maglev vehicle, the above-mentioned mirrored eddy current field will exert a horizontal magnetic resistance on the magnetic wheel. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of the magnetic wheel in the embodiment of the present invention. According to the force analysis shown in FIG. 2 , the above-mentioned magnetic resistance can be the movement of the electric magnetic levitation vehicle (for example, driving forward or backward) At the same time, since the magnetic wheel is not completely separated from the conductor plate on the magnetic levitation lane, the frictional force generated when the magnetic wheel rotates on the conductor plate will also provide another part of the driving force, thereby driving the entire motor The maglev car moves in the corresponding direction.
另外，较佳的，如图3所示，在本实用新型的一个具体实施例中，所述磁轮12包括：橡胶外轮21、永磁体阵列22和连接层23；所述永磁体阵列22设置在橡胶外轮21和连接层23之间；所述连接层23设置在所述永磁体阵列22和磁轮驱动电机15之间，且环绕所述磁轮驱动电机15。In addition, preferably, as shown in FIG. 3 , in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic wheel 12 includes: a rubber outer wheel 21 , a permanent magnet array 22 and a connection layer 23 ; the permanent magnet array 22 is provided with Between the rubber outer wheel 21 and the connecting layer 23 ; the connecting layer 23 is arranged between the permanent magnet array 22 and the magnetic wheel driving motor 15 and surrounds the magnetic wheel driving motor 15 .
在本实用新型的技术方案中，上述的连接层可以起到连接作用和缓冲作用；同时，该连接层还可以起到一定的磁屏蔽作用。In the technical solution of the present invention, the above-mentioned connecting layer can play a connecting role and a buffering role; at the same time, the connecting layer can also play a certain magnetic shielding role.
另外，较佳的，在本实用新型的一个具体实施例中，所述永磁体阵列可以是环形海尔贝克阵列(Halbach Array)。海尔贝克阵列是一种建立在正弦分布磁场的新型永磁体阵列，该阵列可以将磁体组产生的磁场集中于磁体的一侧，而在另一侧磁场将得到最大程度的抵消，从而使得磁体的外磁场能够得到更好的利用(单边特性)。在本实用新型的技术方案中，由于海尔贝克阵列的磁场分布的特殊性，上述的环形海尔贝克阵列的大部分磁场集中于该环形海尔贝克阵列的外部，内部的磁场非常小，所以该环形海尔贝克阵列与磁轮驱动电机之间的相互影响较小。In addition, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the permanent magnet array may be an annular Halbach Array. The Halbeck array is a new type of permanent magnet array based on a sinusoidally distributed magnetic field. The array can concentrate the magnetic field generated by the magnet group on one side of the magnet, and the magnetic field will be canceled to the greatest extent on the other side, so that the magnet's The external magnetic field can be better utilized (unilateral characteristic). In the technical solution of the present invention, due to the particularity of the magnetic field distribution of the Halbeck array, most of the magnetic fields of the above-mentioned annular Halbeck array are concentrated outside the annular Halbeck array, and the internal magnetic field is very small, so the annular Halbeck array is very small. There is less interaction between the Baker array and the magnetic wheel drive motor.
另外，在本实用新型的技术方案中，可以根据实际应用情况的需要，预先设置上述环形海尔贝克阵列中的永磁体的个数以及各个永磁体的充磁方向。例如，如图3所示，图3中的环形海尔贝克阵列中设置有16块永磁体，图3中的各个箭头分别代表环形海尔贝克阵列中的每一块永磁体的充磁方向。In addition, in the technical solution of the present invention, the number of permanent magnets in the above-mentioned annular Halbeck array and the magnetization direction of each permanent magnet can be preset according to the needs of practical application. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , there are 16 permanent magnets in the annular Halbeck array in FIG. 3 , and the arrows in FIG. 3 respectively represent the magnetization direction of each permanent magnet in the annular Halbeck array.
另外，较佳的，在本实用新型的一个具体实施例中，所述导体板可以是铝板，也可以是铜板，也可以是其它的适用的金属板，在此不再一一赘述。In addition, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the conductor plate may be an aluminum plate, a copper plate, or other suitable metal plates, which will not be repeated here.
另外，在本实用新型的技术方案中，可以根据实际应用情况的需要，预先设置相应的参数，以调整或调节悬浮力的大小，使得整个电动磁悬浮汽车呈现比较合适的“半悬浮”的状态。In addition, in the technical solution of the present invention, the corresponding parameters can be preset according to the needs of the actual application to adjust or adjust the size of the levitation force, so that the entire electric magnetic levitation vehicle presents a more suitable "semi-levitation" state.
例如，较佳的，在本实用新型的一个具体实施例中，可以预先设置磁轮驱动电机的转速(转速越高，则所产生的悬浮力也将越大)、车道感应板(即磁浮车道上的导体板)的厚度(一般情况下，所产生的悬浮力随着导体板的厚度的增加而增加，但是综合考虑悬浮系统性能、散热及建设成本，导体板的厚度也不宜过厚)、环形海尔贝克阵列的极对数(随着极对数的增加，磁轮每一对极与导体板接触的面积将随之减小，从而导致所产生的悬浮力也随之减小)。For example, preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotational speed of the magnetic wheel drive motor can be preset (the higher the rotational speed, the greater the levitation force generated), the lane induction board (that is, on the magnetic levitation lane) (generally, the generated suspension force increases with the thickness of the conductor plate, but considering the performance of the suspension system, heat dissipation and construction cost, the thickness of the conductor plate should not be too thick), annular The number of pole pairs of the Halbeck array (as the number of pole pairs increases, the contact area between each pair of poles of the magnetic wheel and the conductor plate will decrease, resulting in a decrease in the generated levitation force).
此外，在本实用新型的其它具体实施例中，还可以预先设置其他的参数，例如，磁轮外径、磁体厚度等，以调节所产生的悬浮力的大小。具体设置方式在此不再一一赘述。In addition, in other specific embodiments of the present invention, other parameters can also be preset, such as the outer diameter of the magnetic wheel, the thickness of the magnet, etc., to adjust the magnitude of the generated levitation force. The specific setting methods are not repeated here.
综上可知，在本实用新型中的半悬浮的电动磁悬浮汽车，由于使用了磁轮和铺设于路基上的导体板，因此可以基于电动磁悬浮原理，并结合Halbach永磁体环形阵列的特性，实现整个电动磁悬浮汽车的半悬浮，使得整车与路面的接触面减少，从而可以有效地减少车轮的磨耗，增加汽车的使用寿命。To sum up, the semi-suspended electric magnetic levitation vehicle in the present utility model uses the magnetic wheel and the conductor plate laid on the roadbed, so it can be based on the principle of electric magnetic levitation and combined with the characteristics of the Halbach permanent magnet ring array to realize the whole process. The semi-levitation of the electric maglev vehicle reduces the contact surface between the vehicle and the road, which can effectively reduce the wear of the wheels and increase the service life of the vehicle.
另外，更进一步的，本实用新型中还可以利用上述的半悬浮状态，将磁场作为弹性介质，使得上述的电动磁悬浮汽车具备更优良的减振性能，提升汽车的运行平稳性以及乘坐舒适度。In addition, further, in the present invention, the above-mentioned semi-suspended state can also be used, and the magnetic field can be used as an elastic medium, so that the above-mentioned electric magnetic levitation vehicle has better vibration damping performance, and improves the running stability and riding comfort of the vehicle.
此外，在本实用新型的技术方案中，还可以将电动磁悬浮系统产生的电磁阻力(即上述的磁阻力)变为驱动整个汽车前行的一部分驱动力，将“磁阻力”变为前行的“驱动力”，再结合传统驱动前行模式(由车轮与路面的摩擦而产生的摩擦力驱动汽车前行)，可以实现“双重驱动”。In addition, in the technical solution of the present invention, the electromagnetic resistance (ie, the above-mentioned magnetic resistance) generated by the electric magnetic levitation system can also be changed into a part of the driving force for driving the entire vehicle forward, and the "magnetic resistance" can be changed into a forward driving force. The "driving force" of the car, combined with the traditional driving forward mode (the friction force generated by the friction between the wheels and the road surface drives the car forward), can realize "dual driving".
以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本实用新型，凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本实用新型保护的范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall include within the scope of protection of the present invention.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109204008A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of half electrically driven, magnetically levitated automobile to suspend |
| CN114734827A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-07-12 | 西南交通大学 | A magnetic wheel drive device and drive method |
| CN115837842A (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-03-24 | 成都西交华创科技有限公司 | Wheeled magnetic suspension traffic system, control method and application of magnetic disk system |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109204008A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of half electrically driven, magnetically levitated automobile to suspend |
| CN109204008B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2023-11-07 | 西南交通大学 | A semi-suspended electric maglev car |
| CN114734827A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-07-12 | 西南交通大学 | A magnetic wheel drive device and drive method |
| US11745598B2 (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2023-09-05 | Southwest Jiaotong University | Magnetic wheel driving device and driving method using same |
| CN115837842A (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-03-24 | 成都西交华创科技有限公司 | Wheeled magnetic suspension traffic system, control method and application of magnetic disk system |
| CN115837842B (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-05-02 | 成都西交华创科技有限公司 | Wheeled magnetic suspension traffic system, control method and application of magnetic disk system |
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