CN209098427U - Portable solar desalination unit for marine rescue - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a portable solar energy seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue, which comprises an evaporation chamber, a preheating chamber, a fresh water chamber, a concentrated seawater heat exchange assembly, a steam heat exchange assembly, a pumping pump, and power elements and control elements. The portable fresh water device for marine rescue described in the utility model utilizes the solar collector plate to directly collect green energy—solar energy, and heats the seawater in the evaporation chamber to make it undergo a phase change to generate water vapor, and the water is continuously converted into steam to achieve a dynamic equilibrium state , and then use the latent heat released when the water vapor is converted into a liquid state to preheat the seawater in the preheating chamber. After the water vapor releases heat, it is transformed into fresh water and stored in the fresh water chamber. The steam exchanges heat with the seawater through the heat exchange components. The waste heat in the concentrated concentrated seawater preheats the seawater to improve energy utilization and water production efficiency.

Description

Portable solar desalination unit for marine rescue

technical field

The utility model relates to the desalination of seawater and brackish water and the field of marine rescue. Specifically, the utility model relates to a portable solar energy seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue.

Background technique

Since seawater desalination is an energy-intensive industry, the use of fossil fuels brings huge environmental risks. The development and utilization of new energy for seawater desalination has become the focus of future application development. Solar thermal seawater desalination technology is to convert solar radiation heat into high-temperature steam, and use high-temperature steam to make seawater into fresh water through a multi-effect distillation seawater desalination device.

The solar thermal seawater desalination device is suitable for island seawater desalination and brackish water desalination in remote areas due to its simple structure, convenient material acquisition, and no need for conventional energy. Due to the disadvantages of high solar energy efficiency, low solar energy utilization efficiency and high equipment investment, its promotion and application in engineering practice is limited to a certain extent, mainly because the latent heat of condensation of steam is not reused, but is dissipated into the environment through the cover plate of the solar still The internal natural convection heat transfer mode greatly limits the improvement of its thermal performance. The temperature of the concentrated seawater flowing from the evaporator is high, and this part of the heat energy cannot be fully utilized. The heat capacity of the seawater to be evaporated in the solar still is too large, which limits the operating temperature. increase, thereby weakening the driving force for evaporation. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to improve the thermal efficiency and water production of the solar still by changing the device structure on the basis of the existing research on solar distillation technology.

The patent with publication number CN1562773A discloses a solar energy separation heat pipe seawater desalination device, which uses a concentrating groove with tracking function to reflect solar energy into the cavity of the heat pipe to supply heat for the evaporation device for seawater desalination. However, in order to meet the requirements of water production, the required area of the concentrator tank is large, which increases the volume and weight of the system and is not suitable for portable systems. At the same time, the concentrator with tracking function is expensive and not suitable for general occasions. Patent document CN99808677.0 discloses a solar water still, including a package assembly and an evaporation assembly, which float on the source water body and which are easy to disassemble and fold for storage or transportation. Among them, the encapsulation assembly includes a transparent conical dome covering the collecting water reservoir and the inner floating ring, and the evaporation assembly is placed in the center of the inner floating ring. During operation, sunlight causes water to evaporate from the evaporation assembly, and then the encapsulation assembly Condensing and collecting water vapor, although it achieves the characteristics of small size and light weight, it can float in water, but its energy utilization rate is low, the evaporation potential in water vapor and the waste heat in concentrated seawater are all lost, compared with the same area of solar energy. Collecting elements, low water production per unit.

Based on the above, it can be seen that the related patents of the prior art can produce fresh water by utilizing the solar energy supply and desalination integrated device, but they cannot fully meet the following points of the seawater rescue seawater desalination device, namely miniaturization, convenience and simple structure. It is compact, small in size, light in weight, high in fresh water production rate and high in energy utilization.

Utility model content

The utility model relates to a portable thermal solar seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue, comprising: an evaporation chamber, a preheating chamber, a fresh water chamber, a concentrated seawater heat exchange component, a steam heat exchange component, a pumping pump, a power supply component and a control unit element. Seawater is heated, and part of the latent heat of evaporation is obtained and transformed into water vapor, which is separated from the original seawater. The utility model belongs to a portable fresh water device for marine rescue, which directly collects green energy-solar energy by using a solar heat collector plate, and heats seawater in an evaporation chamber to make it undergo a phase change to generate water vapor, and the water is continuously converted into steam to achieve a dynamic equilibrium state. Then, the latent heat released when the water vapor is converted into a liquid state is used to preheat the seawater in the preheating chamber. After the water vapor releases heat, it is transformed into fresh water and stored in the fresh water chamber. The waste heat in the concentrated seawater preheats seawater to improve energy utilization and water production efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose of the present utility model, the portable solar seawater desalination device for marine rescue includes:

Evaporation chamber, the seawater to be evaporated in the evaporation chamber is in a relatively closed cylinder, the upper end of the evaporation chamber is sealed by transparent plexiglass and the bottom end is provided with a solar collector device, the height of the evaporation chamber is small to prevent seawater Reflection and diffuse reflection reduce the amount of heat absorbed by solar panels. The evaporation chamber is in a thermally insulated state, and the cylinder wall of the evaporation chamber has three ports to connect to the outside world, namely the water vapor outlet, the seawater and preheated seawater inlets and the concentrated seawater outlet, and the plexiglass in the evaporation chamber has two layers. , The use of plexiglass and the air in the partition are all insulated from the heat transfer layer to prevent internal heat loss. At the same time, the air in the compartment is relatively static, and it is insulated from the thermal convection layer. Insulates from the heat transfer layer, while the compartment walls are polished smooth to insulate from the heat radiation layer.

The preheating chamber is in the shape of a ring cylinder, the middle of the ring cylinder is a fresh water chamber, and the seawater to be preheated in the preheating chamber is preheated by the steam heat exchange components and the concentrated seawater heat exchange components in the preheating chamber, The preheating chamber is in an adiabatic state and the outer cylinder wall has five ports connected to the outside, which are the steam inlet of the steam heat exchange assembly, the concentrated seawater inlet of the concentrated seawater heat exchange assembly, the preheated concentrated seawater outlet, and the to-be-preheated outlet. The seawater inlet and the preheated seawater outlet, the inner cylinder wall of the preheating chamber is connected with the fresh water chamber through the fresh water outlet of the steam heat exchange assembly.

The fresh water chamber and the preheating chamber are the same cylinder, and the corresponding fresh water chamber has two ports, which are the fresh water inlet and the fresh water outlet of the steam heat exchange component respectively.

Both the steam heat exchange component and the concentrated seawater heat exchange component have high thermal conductivity, and the structure is helical, so as to prevent the accumulation of fresh water inside the freshwater chamber and the accumulation of concentrated seawater that cannot be discharged in time.

The whole of the device is cylindrical, the evaporation chamber is on the upper layer of the cylinder, the fresh water chamber and the concentrated sea water chamber are on the lower layer, when the steam is liquefied into fresh water, it can be directly fed into the fresh water chamber by gravity, and the concentrated sea water can also rely on gravity without external power. Direct discharge device is required.

Preferably, the solar heat collecting plate is circular, and under the condition of the same perimeter, its heat collecting area is the largest, which can effectively improve the solar heat collecting efficiency.

Preferably, there are fan blades floating on the surface of the seawater to be evaporated in the evaporation chamber. When working at sea, the fan blades continue to keep the surface of the seawater to be evaporated in the evaporation chamber in a relatively unsteady state with the inertia of the waves. At the same time of evaporating the surface area, the seawater to be evaporated and the bottom surface solar collector panel are fully contacted and heated evenly.

Preferably, there is a support column supporting the plexiglass in the middle of the evaporation chamber, so as to prevent the intermediate collapse phenomenon due to insufficient rigidity caused by too large area and too thin thickness of the plexiglass.

Preferably, the materials of the evaporation chamber and the preheating chamber have low thermal conductivity, which further improves the thermal insulation performance of the device from the perspective of heat transfer, and the materials have low density and can float in seawater.

Preferably, there are three suction pumps, one of which is used to pump the preheated seawater from the preheating chamber to the evaporation chamber, one is used to pump the external seawater to the preheating chamber, and the other is used to pump out fresh water for drinking. smaller.

Preferably, the control element is composed of a sensor, an intelligent control element and a control valve. When the sensor detects that the seawater in the evaporation chamber reaches a certain concentration, the central control element controls the opening of the outlet valve of the concentrated seawater to discharge the concentrated seawater. When the seawater level in the evaporation chamber and the preheating chamber is lower than a certain value, the central control element controls the water pump to extract seawater from the preheating chamber and the outside, respectively.

Preferably, the power supply assembly supplies energy for the water pump and the control element. Since the power of the water pump is small and the working time is not long, it can also work for a long time when the power supply assembly is a medium battery for intermittent operation.

Preferably, the steam and the concentrated seawater go out from the evaporation chamber and enter into the steam heat exchange assembly and the concentrated seawater heat exchange assembly respectively, and the material of the intermediate connecting pipe is a heat insulating material or the thermal conductivity of the material is low, so as to reduce the thermal conductivity during the transfer process. energy loss.

Preferably, the size of the whole device is calculated according to the fresh water amount required by the human body and the solar energy conversion efficiency and heat exchange efficiency.

The portable thermal solar seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue provided by the utility model, compared with the general solar energy desalination device, recovers and utilizes the latent heat of evaporation released when the water vapor is phase-changed into fresh water, and is used to preheat the seawater that will be used for evaporation. At the same time, the waste heat in the concentrated seawater used for discharge is recycled for preheating seawater, the energy utilization rate is high, and the unit water production is increased. Lightweight and intelligent in the water production process, intelligent control elements are used to control water inflow and drainage. During use, the entire device can be maintained without manual operation. Compared with some devices that require expensive solar trackers, the The device only relatively expands the heat collection area, so as to obtain the required heat, and the price is cheaper.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the main sectional structural schematic diagram of the portable thermal solar seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is the side structure schematic diagram of the portable thermal solar seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to the embodiment of the present invention;

In the figure: 1. Lower cylinder; 2. Steam heat exchange assembly; 3. Concentrated seawater heat exchange assembly; 4. Pipe joint; 5. Lower cylinder cover; 6. Nut; 7. Nut washer; 8. Connecting bolt; 9. Solar collector; 10. Plexiglass 1; 11. Plexiglass 2; 12. Support column; 13. Upper cylinder; 14. Pipe joint; 15. Evaporation room; 16. Preheating room; 17. Fresh water room .

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more clear, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

The application principle of the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of a portable thermal solar seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue, and Figure 2 shows a schematic side structure diagram of a portable thermal solar water desalination device suitable for marine rescue. The solar-powered seawater desalination device comprises an evaporation chamber (15), a preheating chamber (16), a fresh water chamber (17), a concentrated seawater heat exchange component (3), a steam heat exchange component (2), a pumping pump, a power supply component and a control element ;

The seawater to be evaporated in the evaporation chamber (15) is in a relatively closed cylinder (13), the upper end of the evaporation chamber (15) is sealed by transparent plexiglass (10) and plexiglass (11), and the bottom end is provided with solar energy The heat collecting device (9), the evaporation chamber (15) is in an adiabatic state, and the cylinder wall of the evaporation chamber (15) has three ports connected to the outside world, namely the water vapor outlet, the seawater and preheated seawater inlet and the concentrated seawater outlet, the evaporation chamber (15). 15) There is a support column (12) supporting the plexiglass in the middle;

The preheating chamber (16) has a circular cylindrical shape (1) in appearance, and is sealed by a lower cylinder cover (5). After being preheated by the steam heat exchange assembly (2) and the concentrated seawater heat exchange assembly (3) in the preheating chamber (16), the preheating chamber (16) is in a heat-insulated state, and the outer cylinder wall has four ports connected to the outside, respectively. It is the steam inlet (4) of the steam heat exchange assembly (2), the concentrated seawater inlet, the seawater inlet to be preheated and the preheated seawater outlet of the concentrated seawater heat exchange assembly (3). 17) Connection, namely the fresh water outlet of the steam heat exchange assembly (2);

The fresh water chamber (17) and the preheating chamber (16) are the same cylinder, and the upper and lower cylinders are connected as a whole by several connecting bolts (8) and nuts (6), and the corresponding fresh water chamber (17) has The two ports are respectively the fresh water inlet (14) and the fresh water outlet of the steam heat exchange assembly (2).

Working process: Initially, the liquid level sensor in the control element detects that the liquid level in the preheating chamber (16) and the evaporation chamber (15) is too low, and controls the suction pump to feed water into the preheating chamber (16) and the evaporation chamber (15), During the water process, the solar collector plate (9) starts to collect heat, and transfers the heat to the seawater to heat the seawater. The seawater in the evaporation chamber (15) will have different amounts of water vapor at different temperatures, and other Due to the extremely high temperature required for the components to become gaseous, they will remain in the concentrated seawater. The higher the temperature, the more seawater that obtains the latent heat of evaporation. When the temperature rises to a certain level, a large amount of water vapor is generated, and the evaporation chamber ( 15) The water vapor in the air reaches a saturated state, and the water vapor begins to be transferred from the steam outlet of the evaporation chamber (15) to the steam heat exchange assembly (2) in the preheating chamber (16) through a section of adiabatic pipe. , the water vapor releases the latent heat of evaporation and liquefies into water. Under the action of gravity, the fresh water will be continuously collected in the fresh water chamber (17), and the latent heat of evaporation passes through the steam heat exchange component (2) with good thermal conductivity. In seawater, the water in the seawater is continuously transformed into water vapor. This process becomes a dynamic equilibrium. When the sensor detects that the concentration of seawater in the evaporation chamber (15) is too high, the intelligent control element will control the outlet control valve of the concentrated seawater to open, and the concentrated seawater will be opened. After a section of adiabatic pipe, it goes to the concentrated seawater heat exchange component (3) in the preheating chamber (16) to exchange heat with the seawater to be preheated. When the concentrated seawater in the evaporation chamber (15) is discharged to a certain amount, the intelligent control element controls to close the concentrated seawater. The seawater outlet valve is opened, and the preheated seawater valve is opened to control the water intake of the water pump. At the same time, when the seawater in the preheating chamber (16) is insufficient, it controls the water pumping valve to enter water from the outside, and the seawater in the evaporation chamber (15) is preheated. At a certain temperature, the time required to reach the above-mentioned dynamic equilibrium process is reduced, the water production efficiency is improved, and the energy utilization rate is improved.

Claims (10)

1. a portable solar energy seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue, is characterized in that, comprises: The evaporation chamber, the seawater to be evaporated in the evaporation chamber is in a relatively closed cylinder, the upper end of the evaporation chamber is sealed by transparent plexiglass and the bottom end is provided with a solar heat collecting device, the evaporation chamber is in a heat-insulated state, The cylinder wall of the evaporation chamber has three ports to connect to the outside world, which are the water vapor outlet, the seawater and the preheated seawater inlet and the concentrated seawater outlet. The plexiglass in the evaporation chamber has two layers, and the cylinder wall of the evaporation chamber is hollow. state, the cylinder wall compartment is evacuated to insulate heat from the heat transfer layer, and at the same time, the compartment wall is polished smooth to insulate heat from the heat radiation layer; The preheating chamber is in the shape of a ring cylinder, the middle of the ring cylinder is a fresh water chamber, and the seawater to be preheated in the preheating chamber is preheated by the steam heat exchange components and the concentrated seawater heat exchange components in the preheating chamber, The preheating chamber is in an adiabatic state and the outer cylinder wall has five ports connected to the outside, which are the steam inlet of the steam heat exchange assembly, the concentrated seawater inlet of the concentrated seawater heat exchange assembly, the preheated concentrated seawater outlet, and the to-be-preheated outlet. The seawater inlet and the preheated seawater outlet, the inner cylinder wall of the preheating chamber is connected with the freshwater chamber through the freshwater outlet of the steam heat exchange assembly; The fresh water chamber has two ports, which are the fresh water inlet and the fresh water outlet of the steam heat exchange assembly; Concentrated sea water heat exchange components; The steam heat exchange assembly, the structure of the steam heat exchange assembly and the concentrated seawater heat exchange assembly is helical, so as to prevent the accumulation of fresh water in the interior from being unable to flow into the fresh water chamber in time and the accumulation of concentrated seawater from being discharged; water pump; power supply components; and control element. 2 . The portable solar-powered seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to claim 1 , wherein the whole of the solar-powered seawater desalination device is cylindrical, the evaporation chamber is on the upper layer, and the freshwater chamber is connected to the The concentrated seawater heat exchange component is in the lower layer. When the steam is liquefied into fresh water, it is directly fed into the freshwater chamber by gravity, and the concentrated seawater is directly discharged by gravity without external power. 3 . The portable solar-powered seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to claim 1 , wherein the solar heat collector plate is circular. 4 . 4. The portable solar-powered seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to claim 1, characterized in that, there are fan blades floating on the surface of the seawater to be evaporated in the evaporation chamber. The fan blades keep the surface of the seawater to be evaporated in the evaporation chamber in a relatively unsteady state, while increasing the evaporation surface area during operation, the seawater to be evaporated and the solar heat collecting panel are fully contacted and heated evenly. 5. The portable solar-powered seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to claim 1, characterized in that, there is a support column supporting the plexiglass in the middle of the evaporation chamber to prevent the plexiglass from being too large in area and too thin in thickness. The stiffness is insufficient for the intermediate collapse phenomenon. 6. The portable solar-powered seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to claim 1, characterized in that there are three suction pumps, one of which is used to pump the preheated seawater from the preheating chamber to the evaporation chamber, and one It is used to pump seawater from outside to the preheating chamber, and one to pump out fresh water for drinking. 7. The portable solar-powered seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to claim 1, wherein the control element comprises a sensor, an intelligent control element and a control valve, when the sensor detects that the seawater in the evaporation chamber reaches the At a certain concentration, the intelligent control element controls the opening of the concentrated seawater outlet valve to discharge the concentrated seawater. When the sensor detects that the seawater level in the evaporation chamber and the preheating chamber is lower than a certain value, the The control element controls the suction pump to extract seawater from the preheating chamber and the outside. 8 . The portable solar-powered seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to claim 1 , wherein the power supply assembly supplies energy for the suction pump and the control element. 9 . 9 . The portable solar-powered seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to claim 1 , wherein the steam and the concentrated seawater come out from the evaporation chamber and enter the steam heat exchange assembly to exchange heat with the concentrated seawater respectively. 10 . within the component. 10 . The portable solar-powered seawater desalination device suitable for marine rescue according to claim 1 , wherein the size of the device is calculated according to the amount of fresh water required by the human body and the solar energy conversion efficiency and heat exchange efficiency. 11 .