CN208239201U - A kind of material microstructure mechanical property characterization experimental provision - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-throughput experimental device for characterization of material microstructure performance, which belongs to the field of material performance testing. The device described in the utility model includes a base, a stretching device, a microscopic test system, a cross slide, a low temperature test system, a high temperature test system, a control computer, and a host computer. The base is provided with a cross slide, and the cross slide is provided with Stretching bracket, the stretching device is installed on the stretching bracket, and the microscopic testing system is located directly above the sample; the control computer is connected with the host computer through the data interface; the utility model can continuously observe the material in various atmospheres and temperature environments During the deformation process, the microstructure changes, and at the same time, the stress-strain curve of the sample in various atmospheres and temperature environments and the metallographic structure corresponding to each point on the curve are obtained. By observing and analyzing the deformation and fracture mechanism of the material microstructure, the intragranular , Grain boundary, Luan crystal, dislocation, and second phase mechanical properties are observed and studied.

Description

An experimental device for characterization of mechanical properties of material microstructure

technical field

The utility model relates to an experimental device for characterizing mechanical properties of material microstructures, which belongs to the field of material performance testing.

Background technique

Metallographic microscopic analysis is an important basic method of material analysis. Through metallographic analysis, it is a method to obtain the size, shape, distribution, quantity and properties of metal and alloy structures. At the same time, it can obtain characteristic structures such as grains, inclusions and phase transformation products. . In recent years, with the development of computer technology, the three-dimensional spatial morphology of metal microstructure can be determined by measuring and calculating the metallographic microstructure map of two-dimensional metallographic samples or thin films, and the relationship between the composition, structure and performance of metal materials can be established. Relationship.

At present, metallographic microscopy technology has been greatly developed in terms of sample preparation technology, metallographic microscope resolution, and image analysis capabilities, and the analysis and inspection methods for different material systems have also been continuously improved and deepened, involving the production, application and scientific research of metal materials. , Metallographic microanalysis technology has become a routine inspection method to evaluate the intrinsic quality of metal materials, and it is also a necessary means to analyze the mechanism of material defects and improve the auxiliary process.

However, the current metallographic microanalysis technology is limited to the static observation of the sample, qualitatively describes the microstructure characteristics of metal materials or evaluates the microstructure, grain size, non-metallic inclusions and the second by comparing with various standard pictures. Phase particles, etc., this method is not accurate, and the evaluation is highly subjective, and the samples under working conditions can only be sampled and analyzed afterwards, and the microstructural changes in the process cannot be observed. The traditional research method is to establish a finite element simulation model with the initial state and final state as the boundary conditions for different deformation characteristics, so as to study the plastic deformation mechanism of material grains. The accuracy of mesh division greatly affects the simulation results, and often cannot reflect the real Deformation situation. In view of this, how to obtain the microstructure information of the material during the deformation process, especially the coordinated deformation characteristics of the grain boundaries and the characteristics of the fracture mechanism, still lacks effective technical methods. technical needs.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a high-throughput experimental device for the characterization of microstructural mechanical properties, which uses modern data analysis and processing technologies such as high-speed camera technology, image transmission technology, computer image processing technology, and databases to convert traditional metallographic analysis The combination of technology and material mechanical performance testing can clearly and completely obtain the change law and mutual influence relationship of various factors in the process of material stress and deformation, and has strong characterization ability.

Specifically, it is realized in the following ways: an experimental device for characterization of microstructure mechanical properties, including a base 5, a tensile device, a microscopic testing system, a cross slide, a low-temperature testing system, a high-temperature testing system, a control computer 49, and a host computer 60, The base 5 is provided with a cross slide, and the cross slide is provided with a stretching support 8, the stretching device is installed on the stretch support 8, and the microscopic testing system is located directly above the sample 33; the control computer 49 passes through the data interface 48 Connect with host computer 60;

The stretching device includes a stretching motor 6, a stretching reducer 7, a front guide rail 9, a lead screw 10, a stretching table 11, a tension sensor support 12, a tension sensor 13, a right chuck 25, a sample support 28, a displacement Sensor 36, linear bearing 37, left chuck 38, sample puller 39, rear guide rail 40; stretching table 11, sample puller 39, sample support 28 are placed on the stretching support 8 in sequence from left to right, The front guide rail 9 and the rear guide rail 40 are respectively located on both sides of the tensile support 8, and one end of the front guide rail 9 and the rear guide rail 40 is fixed on the tensile support 8, and the other end is fixed on the sample support 28, and the sample support 28 is fixed on the tensile support 8. On the extension bracket 8; both sides of the stretching platform 11 and the sample slider 39 are provided with linear bearings 37, and the stretching platform 11 and the sample slider 39 pass through the front guide rail 9 and the rear rail 9 in turn through the linear bearings 37 on both sides. Guide rail 40; stretching reducer 7 is fixed on the stretching bracket 8, stretching motor 6 is connected with the input end of stretching reducer 7, the output end of stretching reducer 7 is connected with leading screw 10, leading screw 10 is connected with pulling Stretching platform 11 is connected, tension sensor support 12 is installed on the stretching platform 11, tension sensor 13 is installed on the tension sensor support 12, and the other end of tension sensor 13 is connected with sample slider 39; Collet 38, the position corresponding to left collet 38 is provided with right collet 25, and right collet 25 is fixed on the sample holder 28, and sample 33 is respectively fixed on the sample puller by left collet 38 and right collet 25. On the head 39 and the sample support 28, the sample pulling head 39 is provided with a displacement sensor 36; the displacement sensor 36 and the tension sensor 13 are respectively connected to the control computer 49, and the stretching motor 6 is connected to the control computer 49 through the stretching motor controller 44. connect;

The low-temperature testing system comprises a cooling spout 42 and a platinum resistor 41, the cooling spout 42 and the platinum resistor 41 are located below the sample 33, the cooling spout 42 is connected to a cooling valve 52 through a pipeline, the cooling valve 52 is connected to a cooling controller 53, and the cooling controller 53 is connected with the control computer 49; the platinum resistor 41 is connected with the temperature transmitter I50, and the temperature transmitter I50 is connected with the control computer 49;

The high temperature test system includes power connection terminal I55, power connection terminal II56, high temperature thermocouple 43, sample puller 39 and sample holder 28 are respectively connected to heating power supply controller 57 through power supply connection terminal I55 and power supply connection terminal II56, heating power supply The controller 57 is connected to the control computer 49; a high temperature thermocouple 43 is arranged under the sample 33, the high temperature thermocouple 43 is connected to the temperature transmitter II 51, the temperature transmitter II 51 is connected to the control computer 49, and the control computer 49 is connected to the data interface 48 Connect with host computer 60.

Preferably, the microscopic test system described in the present utility model includes a microscope light source 14, an aperture stop 15, a color filter 16, a microscope base 17, a microscope optical path system 18, a microscope connecting rod 19, a microscope focusing motor 20, and a microscope reducer 21. A high-speed camera 22, a microscope 23, an objective lens 34, a microscope base 17 is fixed on the base 5, a color filter 16 is installed on the side of the microscope base 17, the color filter 16 is connected to the aperture stop 15, and the aperture stop 15 is connected to the microscope light source 14; The microscope optical path system 18 is fixed on the microscope base 17, and one side of the microscope optical path system 18 is provided with a microscope connecting rod 19, and the microscope connecting rod 19 is connected to the microscope 23, a high-speed camera 22 is installed on the microscope 23, and an objective lens 34 is installed below the microscope 23; the microscope optical path system The microscope reducer 21 is installed on the 18 upper end, and the microscope reducer 21 is connected to the microscope focusing motor 20; the image channel of the high-speed camera 22 is connected with the image transmitter 54, and the image transmitter 54 is connected with the upper computer 60, and the shooting control interface of the high-speed camera 22 is connected with the The control computer 49 is connected, and the microscope focus motor controller 45 of the microscope focus motor 20 is connected with the control computer 49.

Preferably, an insulating sleeve 30 is provided at the junction of the sample holder 28 and the front guide rail 9 and the rear guide rail 40, the front guide rail 9 and the rear guide rail 40 are all fixed by the guide rail fixing bolts 26, and between the sample holder 28 and the tensile support 8 An insulating sheet 29 is arranged.

Preferably, the device described in the utility model also includes a box body 1, the box body 1 is fixed on the base 5, and the stretching device and the microscopic testing system are all placed inside the box body 1; the box body 1 is provided with a stretching observation window 2 With the airtight cover 4, the airtight cover 4 is provided with a sample observation window 3, the sample observation window 3 is located directly above the sample 33, the stretch observation window 2 is located above the stretching table 11, and the base 5 is closed after the airtight cover 4 , casing 1, airtight cover 4 constitute airtight environment; Casing body 1 is provided with gas input port 58, and gas input port 58 place is provided with solenoid valve 59, and solenoid valve 59 is connected with control computer 49.

Preferably, the cross slide table described in the utility model includes an X-axis guide rail 35, a Y-axis guide rail 31, an X-axis motor 27, and a Y-axis motor 32. The Y-axis guide rail 31 is located on the X-axis guide rail 35, and the X-axis guide rail 35 is located on the base 5. Top; one end of the X-axis guide rail 35 is connected to the X-axis motor 27 through a reducer, one end of the Y-axis guide rail 31 is connected to the Y-axis motor 32 through a reducer, and the X-axis motor 27 and the Y-axis motor 32 are respectively connected through the X-axis motor controller 46 , The Y-axis motor controller 47 is connected with the control computer 49 , and the control computer 49 is connected with the upper computer 60 through the data interface 48 .

The working process of the present utility model: under the control of the program, the stretching motor controller 44 controls the stretching motor 6 to rotate, and after the rotation is input to the stretching reducer 7 to decelerate, the lead screw 10 is driven to rotate, and the lead screw 10 rotates through the inner nut of the stretching table 11 Converted to the linear movement of the stretching table 11 along the front guide rail 9 and the rear guide rail 40; thus, driven by the stretching motor 6, the relative displacement of the sample slider 39 and the sample holder 28 is generated; the sample 33 is stretched; The tension is detected by the tension sensor 13 and transmitted to the control computer 49, and the control computer 49 is uploaded to the upper computer 60 for storage and analysis through the data interface 48; 36 is detected and transmitted to the control computer 49, and the control computer 49 is uploaded to the upper computer 60 for storage and analysis through the data interface 48; the control computer 49 controls the stretching motor 6 to stretch the sample through the stretching device according to the program, for which this device can Perform stress loading experiments such as constant stress, constant strain, cyclic stress, and cyclic strain.

The beneficial effects of the utility model:

(1) The device described in the utility model realizes the microstructure observation of the stress-strain characteristics of different material systems under different temperatures, ambient atmospheres, and stress states, and obtains a continuous change map of the metallographic microstructure of the material, and its microstructure and material stress- The strain curves correspond one-to-one.

(2) The data obtained by the device described in the utility model is analyzed and processed by the image analysis system, and the conditions are conducive to intuitive, accurate, comprehensive and rapid analysis of the change law of the metal microstructure under stress, and then combined with the theory of material mechanics and corrosion theory And finite element simulation method to study the relationship between material performance, microstructure and working conditions, so it has high practical promotion value and great scientific research value.

(3) The application of the device described in this utility model will inevitably lead to the update of the traditional material mechanics research method from the sequential iterative method to parallel processing, and the quantitative change of the experimental data will lead to a qualitative change in the research of the mechanical properties of the material.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the appearance structural representation I of experimental device described in the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the appearance structure schematic diagram II of the experimental device described in the utility model;

Fig. 3 is the main structure schematic diagram I of the experimental device described in the utility model;

Fig. 4 is the main structure schematic diagram II of the experimental device described in the utility model;

Fig. 5 is the system composition schematic diagram of experimental device described in the utility model;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the tension sensor and sample heating structure of the experimental device of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the tension sensor of the experimental device described in the utility model;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the temperature measuring and cooling device of the experimental device described in the utility model;

Fig. 9 is a metallographic diagram of an embodiment of the experimental device of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-box; 2-stretching observation window; 3-sample observation window; 4-closed cover; 5-base; 6-stretching motor; 7-stretching reducer; 8-stretching bracket; 9-front guide rail; 10-screw; 11-stretch table; 12-tension sensor bracket; 13-tension sensor; 14-microscope light source; 15-aperture diaphragm; 16-color filter; 17-microscope base; 18 -microscope optical path system; 19-microscope connecting rod; 20-microscope focus motor; 21-microscope reducer; 22-high-speed camera; 23-microscope; 24-sample fixing bolt; 25-right chuck; Bolt; 27-X-axis motor; 28-sample holder; 29-insulation sheet; 30-insulation sleeve; 31-Y-axis guide rail; 32-Y-axis motor; 33-sample; 34-objective lens; 35-X-axis guide rail ;36-displacement sensor; 37-linear bearing; 38-left chuck; 39-sample puller; 40-rear guide rail; 41-platinum resistance; Controller; 45-microscope focus motor controller; 46-X-axis motor controller; 47-Y-axis motor controller; 48-data interface; 49-control computer; 50-temperature transmitter Ⅰ; 51-temperature variable 52-Refrigeration valve; 53-Refrigeration controller; 54-Image transmitter; 55-Power connection Ⅰ; 56-Power connection Ⅱ; 57-Heating power controller; 58-Gas input port; 59- Solenoid valve; 60-upper computer.

Detailed ways

The utility model will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to the content described.

Example 1

An experimental device for characterization of mechanical properties of microstructure (as shown in Figures 1 to 8), comprising a base 5, a tensile device, a microscopic testing system, a cross slide, a low temperature testing system, a high temperature testing system, a control computer 49, an upper machine 60, the base 5 is provided with a cross slide, the cross slide is provided with a stretching bracket 8, the stretching device is installed on the stretching bracket 8, and the microscopic testing system is located directly above the sample 33; the control computer 49 passes the data Interface 48 is connected with host computer 60;

The stretching device includes a stretching motor 6, a stretching reducer 7, a front guide rail 9, a screw 10, a stretching table 11, a tension sensor support 12, a tension sensor 13, a sample support 28, a displacement sensor 36, a linear bearing 37. Left chuck 38, sample puller 39, rear guide rail 40; stretching table 11, sample puller 39, sample support 28 are placed on the stretching support 8 in sequence from left to right, front guide rail 9 and rear The guide rails 40 are respectively located on both sides of the tensile support 8, one end of the front guide rail 9 and the rear guide rail 40 are fixed on the tensile support 8, the other end is fixed on the sample support 28, and the sample support 28 is fixed on the tensile support 8; Both sides of the stretching table 11 and the sample puller 39 are provided with linear bearings 37, and the stretching table 11 and the sample puller 39 pass through the front guide rail 9 and the rear guide rail 40 sequentially through the linear bearings 37 on both sides; The speed reducer 7 is fixed on the stretching bracket 8, the stretching motor 6 is connected with the input end of the stretch speed reducer 7, the output end of the stretch speed reducer 7 is connected with the leading screw 10, and the leading screw 10 is connected with the stretching table 11, A tension sensor support 12 is installed on the stretching table 11, and a tension sensor 13 is installed on the tension sensor support 12, and the other end of the tension sensor 13 is connected with the sample pulling head 39; the left chuck 38 is fixed on the sample pulling head 39, and The position corresponding to the left chuck 38 is provided with a right chuck 25, and the right chuck 25 is fixed on the sample holder 28, and the sample 33 is respectively fixed on the sample slider 39 and the sample by the left chuck 38 and the right chuck 25. On the bracket 28 (the sample 33 is fastened to the left chuck 38 and the right chuck 25 through two fixing bolts 24 so that it does not slip during the experiment), the sample slider 39 is provided with a displacement sensor 36; the displacement sensor 36 and the tension sensor 13 are respectively connected to the control computer 49, and the stretching motor 6 is connected to the control computer 49 through the stretching motor controller 44.

Displacement sensor 36 described in this embodiment measures the amount of sample deformation in the experimental process, and the output signal of displacement sensor 36 is connected to control computer 49, and control computer 49 uploads the displacement signal to host computer 60 through data interface 48; displacement sensor 36 measurement range 20 mm, the measurement accuracy is one ten-thousandth of a millimeter.

The tensile sensor 13 described in this embodiment is used to measure the tensile force applied to the sample. The output signal of the sensor 13 is connected to the control computer 49, and the control computer 49 is sent to the host computer 60 through the data interface 48; Range 10-5000N, accuracy 0.1%.

Under program control, the stretching motor controller 44 controls the stretching motor 6 to rotate, and the rotation is input to the extension reducer 7 to drive the lead screw 10 to rotate after being decelerated. The linear motion of the guide rail 9 and the rear guide rail 40; driven by the stretching motor 6, the relative displacement of the sample slider 39 and the sample holder 28 is generated; the sample 33 is stretched; the tensile force on the sample is detected by the tension sensor 13 and transmitted to the The control computer 49 and the control computer 49 are uploaded to the upper computer 60 for storage and analysis through the data interface 48; The control computer 49 uploads to the upper computer 60 through the data interface 48 for storage and analysis.

The low-temperature test system described in this embodiment includes a cooling nozzle 42 and a platinum resistor 41, the cooling nozzle 42 and the platinum resistor 41 are located below the sample 33, the cooling nozzle 42 is connected to the refrigeration valve 52 through a pipeline, and the refrigeration valve 52 is connected to the refrigeration controller 53 Connection, the refrigeration controller 53 is connected with the control computer 49; the platinum resistor 41 is connected with the temperature transmitter I50, and the temperature transmitter I50 is connected with the control computer 49.

During use: the input end of the refrigeration valve 52 is connected to the refrigerant container. The commonly used refrigerant is liquid nitrogen or dry ice dry ice or liquid nitrogen. The refrigeration valve 52 is controlled by the refrigeration controller 53, and the platinum resistor 41 transmits the temperature signal to the temperature transmitter II 51, The output signal of the temperature transmitter II51 is transmitted to the control computer 49, and the control computer 49 controls the refrigeration controller 53 according to the set temperature value of the experiment, and the refrigeration controller 53 controls the opening state of the refrigeration valve 52 to change the refrigerant output of the refrigeration nozzle 42. The temperature of the sample 33; the control computer 49 is connected to the upper computer 60 through the data interface 48 to obtain the experimental temperature value and upload the temperature data of the sample 33; thereby realizing the temperature control of the sample test, the control temperature range is -196 ° C-RT.

The high-temperature testing system described in this embodiment includes a power connection terminal I55, a power connection terminal II56, and a high-temperature thermocouple 43. The sample puller 39 and the sample support 28 communicate with the heating power supply controller through the power supply connection terminal I55 and the power supply connection terminal II56 respectively. 57 connection, the heating power controller 57 is connected with the control computer 49; a high temperature thermocouple 43 is arranged under the sample 33, the high temperature thermocouple 43 is connected with the temperature transmitter II 51, the temperature transmitter II 51 is connected with the control computer 49, and the control computer 49 is connected with the host computer 60 through the data interface 48.

During use: the heating power supply controller 57 outputs a voltage to form a current on the sample 33, and the sample 33 generates heat by itself under the action of the current, and a high-temperature thermocouple 43 and a high-temperature thermocouple 43 are installed below the sample 33 to transmit the temperature signal Send the temperature transmitter I50, the output signal of the temperature transmitter I50 is sent to the control computer 49, and the control computer 49 outputs the adjustment signal to the heating power controller 57 according to the temperature value set in the experiment to adjust the current of the input sample 33, so as to realize Control of the heating temperature of the sample 33; the control computer 49 is connected to the host computer 60 through the data interface 48 to obtain the experimental temperature value and upload the temperature data of the sample 33.

All existing microscopic testing systems can be used for the present utility model, and as the second preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the microscopic testing system described in this embodiment comprises microscope light source 14, aperture stop 15, color filter 16. Microscope base 17, microscope optical path system 18, microscope connecting rod 19, microscope focus motor 20, microscope reducer 21, high-speed camera 22, microscope 23, objective lens 34, microscope base 17 is fixed on base 5, microscope base 17 side Color filter 16 is installed, and color filter 16 connects aperture diaphragm 15, and aperture diaphragm 15 connects microscope light source 14; Microscope optical path system 18 is fixed on the microscope base 17, and microscope optical path system 18 side is provided with microscope connecting rod 19, and microscope Connecting rod 19 connects microscope 23, and high-speed camera 22 is installed above microscope 23, and objective lens 34 is installed below microscope 23; It is connected with the image transmitter 54, the image transmitter 54 is connected with the host computer 60, the shooting control interface of the high-speed camera 22 is connected with the control computer 49, and the microscope focus motor controller 45 of the microscope focus motor 20 is connected with the control computer 49. After the high-speed camera 22 obtains the sample image, the image signal is transmitted to the host computer 60 through the image transmitter 54. The control signal of the high-speed camera 22 is controlled by the control computer 49, and the control computer 49 communicates with the host computer 60 through the data interface 48 to obtain corresponding shooting control. instruction.

The microscope optical path system 18 reflects the light source to the objective lens 23 through the reflector and then irradiates the sample 33. The microscope focus motor 20 drives the microscope reducer 21 to rotate. There are screws and nuts in the microscope reducer 21. Under the action of the screw and the nut The microscope reducer 21 drives the microscope optical path system 18 to move along the axis of the microscope reducer 21, thereby adjusting the distance between the eyepiece 23 and the sample, thereby completing the sample focusing process; changing the speed of the microscope focusing motor 20 can realize the coarse adjustment and adjustment of the focusing process. During the fine adjustment process, the rotating speed range of the microscope focusing motor 20 is 0.0028-500 rpm.

As the third preferred embodiment of the present utility model: an insulating sleeve 30 is provided at the junction of the sample holder 28 and the front guide rail 9 and the rear guide rail 40, and the front guide rail 9 and the rear guide rail 40 are all fixed by guide rail fixing bolts 26, and the sample An insulating sheet 29 is arranged between the support 28 and the tension support 8 .

As the fourth preferred embodiment of the present utility model: the device also includes a box body 1, the box body 1 is fixed on the base 5, and the stretching device and the microscopic testing system are all placed inside the box body 1; There are stretching observation window 2 and airtight cover 4, and the airtight cover 4 is provided with sample observation window 3, and sample observation window 3 is positioned at the top of sample 33, and stretching observation window 2 is positioned at the top of stretching platform 11, closes Airtight cover 4 rear base 5, casing 1, airtight cover 4 constitute airtight environment; Casing body 1 is provided with gas input port 58, and gas input port 58 place is provided with solenoid valve 59, and solenoid valve 59 is connected with control computer 49. The solenoid valve 59 is controlled by the control computer 49, and the gas input terminal of the solenoid valve 59 is connected to the gas source. According to different experimental conditions, microstructure photography can be realized in a vacuum environment, an oxidizing atmosphere, a reducing atmosphere, an inert atmosphere, or a mixed atmosphere.

All existing cross slides can be used in this utility model, as the fifth preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the cross slide described in this embodiment includes X-axis guide rail 35, Y-axis guide rail 31, X-axis motor 27 1. The Y-axis motor 32, the Y-axis guide rail 31 is located on the X-axis guide rail 35, and the X-axis guide rail 35 is located on the base 5; one end of the X-axis guide rail 35 is connected to the X-axis motor 27 through a reducer, and one end of the Y-axis guide rail 31 is passed through a reducer Connected with the Y-axis motor 32, the X-axis motor 27 and the Y-axis motor 32 are respectively connected to the control computer 49 through the X-axis motor controller 46 and the Y-axis motor controller 47, and the control computer 49 is connected to the upper computer 60 through the data interface 48; Moving distance X-axis: 0-40mm, Y-axis: 0-5mm.

The Y-axis motor 32 drives the screw to rotate under the drive of the Y-axis motor controller 47, and the screw drives the Y-axis slide block to move along the Y-axis guide rail 31 under the action of the nut, and drives the screw to rotate under the drive of the X-axis motor controller 46, and the screw moves on the nut. Under the action, the 8 brackets are driven to move along the X-axis guide rail 35, thereby realizing the movement of the fixed sample on the bracket 8 in the X and Y directions, ensuring continuous shooting of the shooting part during the microscopic shooting process, and avoiding the deformation of the sample caused by the deformation of the sample. The observation area leaves the shooting field of view, which leads to the failure of the experiment.

Specific usage scenarios

The high-speed camera described in this embodiment selects the FR800 long-time high-speed image recording system of the German PCO company, the photographing speed: 800 frames per second, the image: 640x480 pixels, the image storage software: FR800 supporting software; the experimental material is brass H60, and the sample length is 80mm , 10mm wide, 0.5mm thick, the stress concentration area is obtained with a semicircular notch, annealed at 650°C for 10 hours under vacuum, polished and etched in the corresponding observation area, the magnification of the metallographic microscope is 200 times, and a clear image is obtained by focusing on the host computer ; At room temperature, in a hydrogen-reducing environment, stretch at a stretching rate of 0.01 mm/s, and the camera's automatic photography frequency is 800 frames/s until the sample breaks. Obtain 6000 high-resolution metallographic structure pictures, and obtain the corresponding sample stress-strain value curve and crack propagation path and characteristics corresponding to the metallographic structure pictures, as shown in Figure 9.

Claims (5)

1. An experimental device for characterizing mechanical properties of microstructure of materials, characterized in that it includes a base (5), a tensile device, a microscopic testing system, a cross slide, a low temperature testing system, a high temperature testing system, and a control computer (49) 1. The upper computer (60), the base (5) is provided with a cross slide, the cross slide is provided with a stretching bracket (8), the stretching device is installed on the stretching bracket (8), and the microscopic testing system is located in the test directly above the sample (33); the control computer (49) is connected with the host computer (60) through the data interface (48); The stretching device includes a stretching motor (6), a stretching reducer (7), a front guide rail (9), a lead screw (10), a stretching table (11), a tension sensor bracket (12), a tension sensor ( 13), right chuck (25), sample holder (28), displacement sensor (36), linear bearing (37), left chuck (38), sample slider (39), rear guide rail (40); The stretching table (11), the sample puller (39), and the sample support (28) are placed on the stretching support (8) in turn from left to right, and the front guide rail (9) and the rear guide rail (40) are respectively located on the pull On both sides of the extension support (8), one end of the front guide rail (9) and the rear guide rail (40) are fixed on the extension support (8), the other end is fixed on the sample support (28), and the sample support (28) is fixed On the stretching support (8); both sides of the stretching table (11) and the sample puller (39) are provided with linear bearings (37), and the stretching table (11) and the sample puller (39) pass through The linear bearings (37) on both sides pass through the front guide rail (9) and the rear guide rail (40) in turn; the stretching reducer (7) is fixed on the stretching bracket (8), and the stretching motor (6) and the stretching reducer The input end of the stretching reducer (7) is connected, the output end of the stretching reducer (7) is connected with the lead screw (10), the lead screw (10) is connected with the stretching table (11), and the stretching table (11) is equipped with Tension sensor support (12), the tension sensor (13) is installed on the tension sensor support (12), and the other end of the tension sensor (13) is connected with the sample puller (39); the sample puller (39) is fixed with a left The collet (38), the right collet (25) is arranged at the position corresponding to the left collet (38), the right collet (25) is fixed on the sample support (28), and the sample (33) passes through the left collet (38) and the right chuck (25) are respectively fixed on the sample slider (39) and the sample bracket (28), and the sample slider (39) is provided with a displacement sensor (36); the displacement sensor (36) and the tension sensor (13) are respectively connected with the control computer (49), and the stretching motor (6) is connected with the control computer (49) through the stretching motor controller (44); The low-temperature test system includes a cooling spout (42) and a platinum resistance (41), the cooling spout (42) and the platinum resistance (41) are located below the sample (33), and the cooling spout (42) is connected to the cooling valve (52) through a pipeline , the refrigeration valve (52) is connected to the refrigeration controller (53), and the refrigeration controller (53) is connected to the control computer (49); the platinum resistance (41) is connected to the temperature transmitter I (50), and the temperature transmitter I (50) is connected with control computer (49); The high temperature test system includes power connection terminal I (55), power connection terminal II (56), high temperature thermocouple (43), sample puller (39) and sample holder (28) through the power connection terminal I (55) and the power connection terminal II (56) is connected with the heating power controller (57), and the heating power controller (57) is connected with the control computer (49); a high-temperature thermocouple (43) is arranged under the sample (33), and the high-temperature thermoelectric The couple (43) is connected to the temperature transmitter II (51), the temperature transmitter II (51) is connected to the control computer (49), and the control computer (49) is connected to the host computer (60) through the data interface (48). 2. The experimental device for characterizing mechanical properties of microstructure of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microscopic testing system includes a microscope light source (14), an aperture stop (15), a color filter (16), a microscope base ( 17), microscope optical path system (18), microscope connecting rod (19), microscope focus motor (20), microscope reducer (21), high-speed camera (22), microscope (23), objective lens (34), microscope base (17) is fixed on the base (5), the side of the microscope base (17) is equipped with a color filter (16), the color filter (16) is connected to the aperture stop (15), and the aperture stop (15) is connected to the microscope light source (14 ); the microscope optical path system (18) is fixed on the microscope base (17), and one side of the microscope optical path system (18) is provided with a microscope connecting rod (19), and the microscope connecting rod (19) is connected to the microscope (23), and the microscope (23) A high-speed camera (22) is installed on the top, and an objective lens (34) is installed under the microscope (23); the microscope reducer (21) is installed on the upper end of the microscope optical path system (18), and the microscope reducer (21) is connected to the microscope focus motor (20); The image channel of the camera (22) is connected to the image transmitter (54), the image transmitter (54) is connected to the host computer (60), the shooting control interface of the high-speed camera (22) is connected to the control computer (49), and the microscope focuses Motor (20) microscope focus motor controller (45) is connected with control computer (49). 3. The experimental device for characterizing the mechanical properties of the microstructure of materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: an insulating sleeve (30) is provided at the junction of the sample holder (28) and the front guide rail (9) and the rear guide rail (40) , the front guide rail (9) and the rear guide rail (40) are all fixed by guide rail fixing bolts (26), and there is an insulating sheet (29) between the sample support (28) and the tensile support (8). 4. According to any one of claims 1 to 3, the experimental device for characterizing the mechanical properties of the microstructure of materials is characterized in that: it also includes a box (1), the box (1) is fixed on the base (5), stretched The device and the microscopic testing system are all placed inside the box (1); the box (1) is provided with a tensile observation window (2) and an airtight cover (4), and the airtight cover (4) is provided with a sample observation window ( 3), the sample observation window (3) is located directly above the sample (33), the tensile observation window (2) is located above the stretching table (11), close the airtight cover (4) and then the base (5), box The body (1) and the airtight cover (4) form a closed environment; the box body (1) is provided with a gas input port (58), and the gas input port (58) is provided with a solenoid valve (59), and the solenoid valve (59) and Control computer (49) is connected. 5. The experimental device for characterizing the mechanical properties of the microstructure of materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: the cross slide includes X-axis guide rails (35), Y-axis guide rails (31), X-axis motors (27), Y-axis motors (32), the Y-axis guide rail (31) is located on the X-axis guide rail (35), and the X-axis guide rail (35) is located on the base (5); one end of the X-axis guide rail (35) is connected to the X-axis motor (27) through a reducer , one end of the Y-axis guide rail (31) is connected to the Y-axis motor (32) through a reducer, and the X-axis motor (27) and the Y-axis motor (32) respectively pass through the X-axis motor controller (46) and the Y-axis motor controller (47) is connected with the control computer (49), and the control computer (49) is connected with the upper computer (60) through the data interface (48).