CN208189782U - A kind of S-band broad-band antenna - Google Patents
A kind of S-band broad-band antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN208189782U CN208189782U CN201820605995.8U CN201820605995U CN208189782U CN 208189782 U CN208189782 U CN 208189782U CN 201820605995 U CN201820605995 U CN 201820605995U CN 208189782 U CN208189782 U CN 208189782U
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种S波段宽带天线，包括天线金属底座(1)、第一天线辐射贴片(2)、第二天线辐射贴片(3)、框体支架(4)以及绝缘子(5)，其中，第一天线辐射贴片(2)和第二天线辐射贴片(3)均为表面覆铜的贴片。通过本实用新型，天线频率带宽达到200MHz以上，增益在法相方向不低于6.3dB，能有效用于宽带相控阵，以实现在宽频率范围内对飞行器进行跟踪测量的需求。
The utility model discloses an S-band broadband antenna, which comprises an antenna metal base (1), a first antenna radiation patch (2), a second antenna radiation patch (3), a frame support (4) and an insulator (5 ), wherein the first antenna radiation patch (2) and the second antenna radiation patch (3) are copper-clad patches. Through the utility model, the frequency bandwidth of the antenna reaches more than 200MHz, and the gain in the normal phase direction is not lower than 6.3dB, which can be effectively used in the broadband phased array to realize the requirement of tracking and measuring the aircraft in a wide frequency range.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种S波段宽带天线，特别是涉及一种可用于国防或民用的S波段飞行器测控相控阵。The utility model relates to an S-band broadband antenna, in particular to an S-band aircraft measurement and control phased array which can be used for national defense or civilian use.
背景技术Background technique
在现代卫星通信、飞行器测控、无线通信等高科技领域中越来越多地涉及到相控阵天线或相控阵雷达。相比于传统的抛物面天线或其他单天线，相控阵天线采用电扫描形式，能在空域进行快速波束方向图扫描，从而具有快速跟踪目标、波束方向图捷变的优势。相控阵天线由多个单元天线组阵而成，根据应用领域不同，相控阵天线可能会共形到机身、导引头、车体等不同的地方。因此微带天线以其结构小、重量轻、易共形等天然优势，成为重要的组成相控阵的单天线。Phased array antennas or phased array radars are increasingly involved in high-tech fields such as modern satellite communications, aircraft measurement and control, and wireless communications. Compared with the traditional parabolic antenna or other single antennas, the phased array antenna adopts the electronic scanning form, which can perform fast beam pattern scanning in the airspace, so it has the advantages of fast target tracking and beam pattern agility. The phased array antenna is composed of multiple unit antennas. Depending on the application field, the phased array antenna may conform to different places such as the fuselage, seeker, and vehicle body. Therefore, the microstrip antenna has become an important single antenna forming a phased array due to its natural advantages such as small structure, light weight, and easy conformality.
在某些领域特殊的应用领域，需要相控阵天线具有较大的带宽。如在飞行器测控上，需要相控阵在较大的带宽内对飞行器进行多个频点的测量和控制。而传统的S频带微带天线带宽较窄，通常在50MHz左右，不能满足宽带测量的需求。本实用新型针对这一应用领域，实现了一种用于飞行器测控相控阵组阵的宽频带微带天线的设计。In some special fields of application, phased array antennas are required to have a larger bandwidth. For example, in aircraft measurement and control, phased arrays are required to measure and control aircraft at multiple frequency points within a large bandwidth. However, the bandwidth of the traditional S-band microstrip antenna is relatively narrow, usually around 50MHz, which cannot meet the requirements of wideband measurement. Aiming at this application field, the utility model realizes the design of a wide-band microstrip antenna used for aircraft measurement and control phased array formation.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对目前相控阵天线用于飞行器测控时需要阵列天线在较宽频段内进行测量和控制，为解决这一问题，本实用新型提供了一种用于飞行器测控相控阵组阵的宽频带微带天线。Aiming at the current phased array antenna used for aircraft measurement and control, it is necessary for the array antenna to perform measurement and control in a wide frequency band. To solve this problem, the utility model provides a wide-band micro with antenna.
本实用新型的S波段宽带天线，包括：The S-band broadband antenna of the present utility model comprises:
天线金属底座，antenna metal base,
第一天线辐射贴片和第二天线辐射贴片，所述第一天线辐射贴片和第二天线辐射贴片依次设于所述天线金属底座上，且在贴片中心处分别设有馈点，A first antenna radiation patch and a second antenna radiation patch, the first antenna radiation patch and the second antenna radiation patch are sequentially arranged on the metal base of the antenna, and a feed point is respectively provided at the center of the patch ,
框体支架，位于所述第一天线辐射贴片与所述第二天线辐射贴片之间，框体支架的边长与第一天线辐射贴片和第二天线辐射贴片的边长相同，且在所述支架内部形成有空腔，以及The frame support is located between the first antenna radiation patch and the second antenna radiation patch, and the side length of the frame support is the same as that of the first antenna radiation patch and the second antenna radiation patch, and a cavity is formed inside the stent, and
绝缘子，所述绝缘子上设有长针，所述长针自下向上依次穿过天线金属底座、第一天线辐射贴片的馈点、框体支架的空腔和第二天线辐射贴片的馈点，An insulator, the insulator is provided with a long needle, and the long needle passes through the metal base of the antenna, the feed point of the first antenna radiation patch, the cavity of the frame support and the feeder of the second antenna radiation patch from bottom to top. point,
其中，所述第一天线辐射贴片和所述第二天线辐射贴片为表面覆铜的贴片，Wherein, the first antenna radiation patch and the second antenna radiation patch are copper-clad patches,
所述第一天线辐射贴片的覆铜部分呈正方形，该正方形的一对对角处分别切掉一个等腰三角形，且在该正方形的中间部形成有一个U型镂空部且使第一天线辐射贴片的馈点位于由U型镂空部所包围的覆铜部分，The copper-clad part of the first antenna radiation patch is in the form of a square, and an isosceles triangle is cut off at a pair of opposite corners of the square, and a U-shaped hollow is formed in the middle of the square to make the first antenna The feed point of the radiation patch is located in the copper clad part surrounded by the U-shaped hollow part,
所述第二天线辐射贴片的覆铜部分呈正方形，该正方形的一对对角处分别切掉一个等腰三角形且与所述第一天线辐射贴片的覆铜部分的被切掉的等腰三角形位于同一方向，并且，在该正方形的四边处从边缘向内部延伸分别形成一个矩形镂空部，在该正方形的中间部以与所述矩形镂空部隔开的方式形成有一个C型镂空部且使第二天线辐射贴片的馈点位于由C型镂空部所包围的覆铜部分，The copper-clad part of the second antenna radiation patch is in the shape of a square, and an isosceles triangle is cut off at a pair of opposite corners of the square, which is equal to the cut-off copper-clad part of the first antenna radiation patch. The waist triangle is located in the same direction, and a rectangular hollow part is formed on the four sides of the square extending from the edge to the inside, and a C-shaped hollow part is formed in the middle part of the square to be separated from the rectangular hollow part And the feed point of the second antenna radiation patch is located in the copper clad part surrounded by the C-shaped hollow part,
并且，第一天线辐射贴片的U型镂空部的开口方向与第二天线辐射贴片的C型镂空部的开口方向一致。Moreover, the opening direction of the U-shaped hollow portion of the first antenna radiation patch is consistent with the opening direction of the C-shaped hollow portion of the second antenna radiation patch.
在一实施方式中，上述第一天线辐射贴片和上述第二天线辐射贴片的尺寸均为长50mm×宽50mm×厚度1.61mm，上述空腔的尺寸为长42mm×宽42mm×厚度8.5mm。In one embodiment, the dimensions of the above-mentioned first antenna radiation patch and the above-mentioned second antenna radiation patch are both 50 mm long x 50 mm wide x 1.61 mm thick, and the size of the cavity is 42 mm long x 42 mm wide x 8.5 mm thick .
在一实施方式中，上述第一天线辐射贴片的覆铜部分呈边长为31±0.05mm的正方形，该正方形的一对对角处分别切掉腰为7.2±0.05mm的等腰三角形，上述第二天线辐射贴片的覆铜部分呈边长为35.3±0.05mm的正方形，该正方形的一对对角处分别切掉腰为4.7±0.05mm的等腰三角形，四个矩形镂空部的尺寸相同，在正方形边缘部的长度为2±0.05mm，向正方形内部延伸的长度为8.3±0.05mm。In one embodiment, the copper-clad portion of the first antenna radiation patch is a square with a side length of 31±0.05mm, and an isosceles triangle with a waist of 7.2±0.05mm is cut off at a pair of opposite corners of the square, The copper-clad part of the above-mentioned second antenna radiating patch is a square with a side length of 35.3±0.05mm, and an isosceles triangle with a waist of 4.7±0.05mm is cut off at a pair of opposite corners of the square, and the four rectangular hollow parts The dimensions are the same, the length at the edge of the square is 2±0.05mm, and the length extending to the inside of the square is 8.3±0.05mm.
在一实施方式中，上述第一天线辐射贴片和上述第二天线辐射贴片均是在印制板的表面覆铜而形成的，所述印制板的介电常数Er＝3.5。In one embodiment, the above-mentioned first antenna radiation patch and the above-mentioned second antenna radiation patch are both formed by covering the surface of a printed board with copper, and the dielectric constant of the printed board is Er=3.5.
在一实施方式中，上述第一天线辐射贴片为双面覆铜片，第二天线辐射贴片为单面覆铜片。In one embodiment, the above-mentioned first antenna radiation patch is a double-sided copper-clad sheet, and the second antenna radiation patch is a single-sided copper-clad sheet.
在一实施方式中，上述S波段宽带天线还设有螺钉，该螺钉依次穿过所述第二天线辐射贴片、框体支架、第一天线辐射贴片的4个角，将其固定在所述天线金属底座上。In one embodiment, the above-mentioned S-band broadband antenna is also provided with screws, which pass through the four corners of the second antenna radiation patch, the frame support, and the first antenna radiation patch in sequence, and are fixed on the four corners of the first antenna radiation patch. above the metal base of the antenna.
实用新型的效果The effect of utility model
本实用新型体积小，重量轻，外体形状规则，易于各种相控阵天线组阵。同时也可共形到不规则表面，满足不同的应用环境和测量通信需求。The utility model has the advantages of small volume, light weight, regular outer body shape, and easy formation of various phased array antennas. At the same time, it can also be conformal to irregular surfaces to meet different application environments and measurement communication requirements.
另外，本实用新型是一个单馈点微带天线，有两块正方形天线辐射贴片组成，馈点在两块天线辐射贴片中间。在用该单元天线进行相控阵天线组阵时，可以方便地将单元天线进行旋转，使阵列达到更好的圆极化效果。In addition, the utility model is a single-feed-point microstrip antenna composed of two square antenna radiation patches, and the feed point is in the middle of the two antenna radiation patches. When the unit antenna is used for phased array antenna formation, the unit antenna can be rotated conveniently, so that the array can achieve a better circular polarization effect.
本实用新型通过两块辐射贴片组合的形式，增大了天线的频带和增益。能有效的优化组阵后相控阵的性能。The utility model increases the frequency band and gain of the antenna through the combination of two radiation patches. It can effectively optimize the performance of the phased array after the formation of the array.
本实用新型通过整体仿真和实物性能测试，表明该天线带宽达到200MHz以上，能满足相控阵的宽带测量需求。在频带范围内，该天线法相增益不低于6.3dB。The utility model shows that the bandwidth of the antenna reaches more than 200MHz through the overall simulation and physical performance test, and can meet the broadband measurement requirement of the phased array. Within the frequency band, the normal phase gain of the antenna is not less than 6.3dB.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的S波段宽带天线的安装示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the S-band broadband antenna of the present invention.
图2为本实用新型的S波段宽带天线的第一天线辐射贴片的平面图。Fig. 2 is a plan view of the first antenna radiation patch of the S-band broadband antenna of the present invention.
图3为本实用新型的S波段宽带天线的第二天线辐射贴片的平面图。3 is a plan view of the second antenna radiation patch of the S-band broadband antenna of the present invention.
符号说明Symbol Description
1、天线金属底座；2、第一天线辐射贴片；3、第二天线辐射贴片；4、支架；5绝缘子；6、螺钉；7、空腔；8、第一天线辐射贴片上的螺钉孔；9、第一天线辐射贴片上的介质板；10、第一天线辐射贴片的表面覆铜部；11、第一天线辐射贴片上的馈点；12、第二天线辐射贴片上的螺钉孔；13、第二天线辐射贴片上的介质板；14、第二天线辐射贴片的表面覆铜部；15、第二天线辐射贴片上的馈点；a、b、c、d、e、f、g、h表示第一天线辐射贴片上各部分的长度；i、j、k、l、m、n、o、p、q、r表示第二天线辐射贴片上各部分的长度。1. Antenna metal base; 2. The first antenna radiation patch; 3. The second antenna radiation patch; 4. Bracket; 5 Insulator; 6. Screw; 7. Cavity; 8. The first antenna radiation patch Screw holes; 9. The dielectric plate on the first antenna radiation patch; 10. The surface copper clad portion of the first antenna radiation patch; 11. The feed point on the first antenna radiation patch; 12. The second antenna radiation patch The screw hole on the chip; 13. The dielectric board on the second antenna radiation patch; 14. The surface copper clad portion of the second antenna radiation patch; 15. The feed point on the second antenna radiation patch; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h represent the length of each part on the first antenna radiation patch; i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r represent the second antenna radiation patch the length of each part.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下，基于附图，对本实用新型进行详细地说明。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.
具体而言，如图1所示，本实用新型包括天线金属底座1、第一天线辐射贴片2、第二天线辐射贴片3、框体支架4以及绝缘子5。Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 , the utility model includes an antenna metal base 1 , a first antenna radiation patch 2 , a second antenna radiation patch 3 , a frame support 4 and an insulator 5 .
第一天线辐射贴片2和第二天线辐射贴片3为表面覆铜的正方形贴片，依次设于天线金属底座1上，且在贴片中心处分别设有馈点11、15，例如，可以通过在介电常数Er＝3.5、厚度为1.61mm、尺寸为50mm×50mm的印制板表面覆铜而形成，优选第一天线辐射贴片为双面覆铜片，第二天线辐射贴片为单面覆铜片。The first antenna radiating patch 2 and the second antenna radiating patch 3 are square patches covered with copper on the surface, which are sequentially arranged on the metal base 1 of the antenna, and feed points 11 and 15 are respectively provided at the center of the patch, for example, It can be formed by cladding copper on the surface of a printed board with a dielectric constant of Er=3.5, a thickness of 1.61mm, and a size of 50mm×50mm. It is preferred that the first antenna radiation patch is a double-sided copper-clad sheet, and the second antenna radiation patch It is a single-sided copper clad sheet.
框体支架4位于第一天线辐射贴片2与所述第二天线辐射贴片3之间，框体支架4的边长与第一天线辐射贴片2和第二天线辐射贴片3边长相同，且在支架内部形成有空腔7。The frame support 4 is located between the first antenna radiation patch 2 and the second antenna radiation patch 3, and the side length of the frame body support 4 is the same as the side length of the first antenna radiation patch 2 and the second antenna radiation patch 3 The same, and a cavity 7 is formed inside the bracket.
绝缘子5通过焊接等方式固定于天线金属底座1，绝缘子5处设有长针，该长针从下往上依次穿过天线金属底座1、位于第一天线辐射贴片2中心的馈点11、框体支架4的空腔7以及位于第二天线辐射贴片3中心的馈点15。该长针与上述两块天线辐射贴片的表面覆铜进行焊接，由此能够确保能量通过绝缘子传输到天线辐射贴片表面进行辐射。The insulator 5 is fixed on the metal base 1 of the antenna by means of welding or the like. The insulator 5 is provided with a long needle, which passes through the metal base 1 of the antenna, the feed point 11 located in the center of the first antenna radiation patch 2, and the The cavity 7 of the frame support 4 and the feed point 15 located at the center of the second antenna radiation patch 3 . The long needle is welded to the copper clad surface of the above two antenna radiation patches, thereby ensuring that the energy is transmitted to the surface of the antenna radiation patch through the insulator for radiation.
尼龙螺钉6通过设置于贴片上的螺钉孔自上而下依次穿过第二天线辐射贴片3、框体支架4、第一天线辐射贴片2的4个角，由此将第二天线辐射贴片3、框体支架4及第一天线辐射贴片2固定在天线金属底座1上。Nylon screws 6 pass through the screw holes provided on the patch from top to bottom in turn through the four corners of the second antenna radiation patch 3, the frame support 4, and the first antenna radiation patch 2, thereby connecting the second antenna The radiation patch 3 , the frame support 4 and the first antenna radiation patch 2 are fixed on the antenna metal base 1 .
在一实施方式中，可以选用寸为长50mm×宽50mm×高8.5mm的特氟龙支架。将该特氟龙支架每条边与尺寸为长50mm×宽50mm的第一天线辐射贴片2和第二天线辐射贴片3对应边对齐，然后，通过将特氟龙支架的中间部分挖掉，从而在第一天线辐射贴片和第二天线辐射贴片之间形成42mm×42mm×8.5mm空腔。In one embodiment, a Teflon stent whose dimensions are 50 mm long x 50 mm wide x 8.5 mm high can be selected. Align each side of the Teflon bracket with the corresponding sides of the first antenna radiation patch 2 and the second antenna radiation patch 3 with a size of 50 mm long × 50 mm wide, and then, by digging out the middle part of the Teflon bracket , so that a 42mm×42mm×8.5mm cavity is formed between the first antenna radiation patch and the second antenna radiation patch.
在本实用新型中，通过采用两块辐射贴片组合的形式，增大了天线的频带和增益，能有效的优化组阵后相控阵的性能。如图2所示，第一天线辐射贴片的各部分的具体尺寸如下：a＝23.8±0.05mm；b＝c＝7.2±0.05mm；d＝1.5±0.05mm；e＝1.5±0.05mm；f＝11.5±0.05mm；g＝2.2±0.05mm；h＝50±0.05mm。详细而言，在边长h＝50±0.05mm的正方形的第一天线辐射贴片上，覆铜部分呈边长31mm的正方形，该正方形的一对对角处分别切掉腰b＝c＝7.2mm的等腰三角形，且在中间部形成有一个U型镂空部使第一天线辐射贴片的馈点位于该U型镂空部所包围的覆铜部分。In the utility model, by adopting the combination of two radiation patches, the frequency band and gain of the antenna are increased, and the performance of the phased array after the formation of the array can be effectively optimized. As shown in Figure 2, the specific dimensions of each part of the first antenna radiation patch are as follows: a=23.8±0.05mm; b=c=7.2±0.05mm; d=1.5±0.05mm; e=1.5±0.05mm; f=11.5±0.05mm; g=2.2±0.05mm; h=50±0.05mm. In detail, on the first antenna radiation patch of a square with a side length of h=50±0.05mm, the copper clad part is a square with a side length of 31mm, and the waist b=c= 7.2mm isosceles triangle, and a U-shaped hollow part is formed in the middle part so that the feed point of the first antenna radiation patch is located in the copper clad part surrounded by the U-shaped hollow part.
如图3所示，第二天线辐射贴片的各部分的具体尺寸如下：i＝j＝4.7±0.05mm；k＝16.65±0.05mm；l＝7±0.05mm；m＝9±0.05mm；n＝2±0.05mm；o＝1±0.05mm；p＝8.3±0.05mm；q＝50±0.05mm；r＝11.95±0.05mm。详细而言，在边长q＝50±0.05mm的正方形的第二天线辐射贴片上，覆铜部分呈边长为35.3mm的正方形，且该正方形的一对对角处分别切掉腰i＝j＝4.7mm的等腰三角形，并且，在该正方形的四边处从边缘向内部延伸分别形成有一个矩形镂空部，另外，在该正方形的中间部以与上述四个矩形镂空部均隔开的方式形成有一个C型镂空部，且第二天线辐射贴片的馈点位于该C型镂空部所包围的覆铜部分。As shown in Figure 3, the specific dimensions of each part of the second antenna radiation patch are as follows: i=j=4.7±0.05mm; k=16.65±0.05mm; l=7±0.05mm; m=9±0.05mm; n=2±0.05mm; o=1±0.05mm; p=8.3±0.05mm; q=50±0.05mm; r=11.95±0.05mm. In detail, on the second antenna radiation patch with a side length q=50±0.05mm, the copper clad part is a square with a side length of 35.3mm, and the waist i is cut off at a pair of opposite corners of the square. =j=4.7mm isosceles triangle, and a rectangular hollow part is formed on the four sides of the square extending from the edge to the inside, and in addition, the middle part of the square is separated from the above four rectangular hollow parts A C-shaped hollow part is formed in a manner, and the feed point of the second antenna radiation patch is located in the copper clad part surrounded by the C-shaped hollow part.
在本实用新型的S波段宽带天线中，第一天线辐射贴片中的U型镂空部的开口方向与第二天线辐射贴片中的C型镂空部的开口方向一致。In the S-band broadband antenna of the present invention, the opening direction of the U-shaped hollow part in the first antenna radiation patch is consistent with the opening direction of the C-shaped hollow part in the second antenna radiation patch.
如上所述，本实用新型通过绝缘子给两块天线辐射贴片馈电，使两块辐射贴片在相互耦合作用下达到宽频带高增益的辐射效果。两块天线辐射贴片采用正方形设计，馈点位于辐射贴片中心，在进行组阵时易于将天线单元旋转使阵列达到更好的圆极化效果。As mentioned above, the utility model feeds power to the two antenna radiation patches through the insulator, so that the two radiation patches can achieve a wide-band high-gain radiation effect under mutual coupling. The two antenna radiation patches adopt a square design, and the feed point is located in the center of the radiation patch. When forming an array, it is easy to rotate the antenna elements so that the array can achieve a better circular polarization effect.
本实用新型在经过理论计算、仿真计算和实物测量后，频带带宽达到200MHz以上，增益在法相方向不低于6.3dB。该天线能辐射右旋圆极化波，根据不同的指标要求或应用环境，可在该天线基础上做适当修改以达到不同圆极化效果。After theoretical calculation, simulation calculation and physical measurement of the utility model, the frequency band bandwidth reaches more than 200MHz, and the gain in the normal phase direction is not lower than 6.3dB. The antenna can radiate right-handed circularly polarized waves. According to different index requirements or application environments, appropriate modifications can be made on the basis of the antenna to achieve different circularly polarized effects.
本实用新型用于飞行器测量的相控阵，可以有效满足测量相控阵宽频带的测量需求。同时，该天线通过相应的频率转换还可以广泛应用于通信、导航和武器装备领域，具有较强的实用意义。The utility model is used for the phased array for aircraft measurement, which can effectively meet the measurement requirement of measuring the wide frequency band of the phased array. At the same time, the antenna can also be widely used in the fields of communication, navigation and weaponry through corresponding frequency conversion, and has strong practical significance.
需要说明的是，以上说明仅是本实用新型的优选实施方式，应当理解，对于本领域技术人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型技术构思的前提下还可以做出若干改变和改进，这些都包括在本实用新型的保护范围内。It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be understood that for those skilled in the art, some changes and improvements can be made without departing from the technical concept of the present utility model. Included in the protection scope of the present utility model.
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