CN208176763U - Smoke-proof water curtain system in high-rise building fire - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a high-rise building fire prevention and smoke exhaust system, in particular to a high-rise building fire prevention and water curtain system. Including fire high level water tank, water outlet valve, filter, fire water pipe, pressure gauge, water flow control valve, floor, smoke detector, temperature detector, fire controller, water curtain water tank, flow distribution device, flow equalization device, steady flow device, diversion device, continuous water curtain, shaped steel bracket and door cover; one end of the fire water pipe is connected to the water outlet of the high fire water tank, and the other end of the fire water pipe is connected to the flow distribution device. Return valve, pressure gauge and water volume control valve are installed on the fire water pipe; smoke detector and temperature detector are installed at the bottom of the door pocket, and the flow control valve, smoke detector and temperature detector are all controlled by the fire controller; The flow distribution device, the flow equalization device, the flow stabilization device and the diversion device make the water flow form a continuous water curtain.

Description

A smoke-proof water curtain system in high-rise building fire

technical field

The utility model relates to a high-rise building fire and smoke prevention system, in particular to a high-rise building anti-smoke overflow water curtain system. The anti-smoke overflow water curtain system of the high-rise building at the front room and the passage door of the evacuation stairwell prevents the smoke from entering the evacuation stairwell to protect the safe evacuation of personnel. The invention belongs to the technical field of smoke prevention and exhaustion of ventilation and air conditioning of high-rise buildings.

Background technique

The characteristics of high-rise buildings determine the high risk of fire in high-rise buildings. It is specifically reflected in: the fire produces a lot of smoke, there are many evacuated people, there are many fire victims, the toxicity of the smoke is high, the fire spreads quickly, the smoke diffuses quickly, it is difficult to evacuate safely, and it is difficult to put out the fire. Therefore, once a fire breaks out, the sum of casualties and property losses will be heavy. Statistical data on high-rise building fires at home and abroad show that: among the people who died in the fire, most of them were smoked to death, and the proportion exceeded about 75%. The main cause of casualties is that people in high-rise buildings cannot be evacuated in time and die due to smoke suffocation.

When a fire breaks out, the stairwell of a high-rise building becomes the main channel for vertical safe evacuation. If the smoke is not controlled, the vertical diffusion speed of the smoke can exceed 3~4m/s, and it only takes 0.5min for a 100m high-rise building. The gas will diffuse from the bottom layer to the top layer. This requires the stairwell front room of high-rise buildings to be fireproof and smokeproof, so as to have the function of safe evacuation of personnel.

In order to prolong the evacuation time, prevent smoke from intruding into the front room, reduce casualties, and ensure the smooth flow of evacuation channels. At present, there are several ways to prevent smoke in stairwells or front rooms at home and abroad:

(1) Natural smoke exhaust method: Use openable external windows or balconies, concave corridors to exhaust smoke or set up smoke exhaust shafts or air intake shafts. Affected by outdoor wind direction, wind speed, airflow and other factors. The smoke exhaust efficiency is unstable, and may even cause smoke filling in the stairwell or the front room, which seriously affects the evacuation of personnel;

(2) Mechanical smoke exhaust in the front room and natural air intake: the smoke will enter the front room and spread to the stairwell, which is not conducive to the safe evacuation of personnel. Use the smoke exhaust fan to suck the smoke away, thereby reducing the smoke concentration in the protected area;

(3) The mechanical pressurization of the front room and the smoke exhaust method in the corridor: pressurization and air supply in the front room make the front room of the stairwell have sufficient positive pressure. When a fire breaks out, it is difficult to maintain sufficient positive pressure because the door is opened, and a large amount of fresh air inflow will fuel the fire;

(4) The way of sending and exhausting smoke in the front room: when a fire occurs, once the door of the front room is opened, the smoke can still enter the room, affecting the evacuation of personnel;

(5) Smoke-proof air curtain in high-rise buildings: it is the upper smoke-blocking device installed in the corridor and the front room door. The air curtain with its own power is large and difficult to arrange. It needs to cooperate with the air inlet shaft. Provide a power source, connect it through the air supply pipe for smoke prevention, and fresh air enters the corridor to play a combustion-supporting role;

(6) Fire-fighting water curtain: It is a fire-fighting system composed of water curtain nozzles, temperature-sensitive deluge valves, water flow alarm devices, etc., which mainly play the role of fire resistance, cooling and isolation. Since the water curtain nozzle sprays water into a water curtain shape, it is not directly used for fire extinguishing, but its function is to cool simple fireproof partitions (such as fireproof roller shutters, fireproof curtains), improve its fire resistance, or form a fireproof water curtain to prevent flames from passing through. through the opening. The main function is to prevent fire, and it is assisted to block smoke, and the nozzle needs to provide high pressure, and the energy loss is relatively large.

To sum up, methods 1-5 require ventilation. The air supply pipe fittings and equipment are difficult to manage and the equipment is complicated. The 6 way is mainly used for fire prevention instead of smoke prevention, and the water curtain is formed by multiple nozzles for fire prevention. The common features of the above methods are high investment, increased construction costs, and inconvenient maintenance and management.

In high-rise buildings, there is an urgent need for a fire-proof and smoke-proof method with simple structure, convenient management, and less building space. The method of building fire-fighting water curtain for fire extinguishing and building fire-fighting water curtain for fire prevention has been applied in practical engineering. But the fire water curtain smoke prevention method of high-rise buildings is still blank.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a kind of anti-smoke overflow water curtain system for high-rise buildings, which is a kind of high-rise building with simple structure, easy to use, does not occupy effective building space, and helps people to evacuate safely. Building water curtain smoke prevention system. It can not only prevent the spread of smoke, but also reduce the level of fire doors and save engineering investment.

Task of the present utility model is accomplished by following technical scheme. Develop a kind of high-rise building water curtain anti-smoke device, it is characterized in that: be located at the antechamber of high-rise building stairwell and passage door, install the device of high-rise building anti-smoke water curtain, the water curtain formed by the device prevents smoke from entering the antechamber, It can effectively control the spread and diffusion of smoke.

A smoke and overflow water curtain system for high-rise buildings is realized by adopting the following technical solutions:

A water curtain smoke prevention system for a high-rise building includes a high-level fire water tank, a water outlet valve, a filter, a fire water pipe, a pressure gauge, a water flow control valve, a floor plate, a smoke detector, a temperature detector, a fire controller, a water curtain water tank, a flow rate Distribution device, flow equalization device, flow stabilization device, flow diversion device, continuous water curtain, profiled steel bracket and door cover.

One end of the fire-fighting water pipe is connected to the water outlet of the high-level fire-fighting water tank, and the other end of the fire-fighting water pipe is connected to the flow distribution device. A water outlet valve and a check valve are installed on the fire-fighting water pipe at the water outlet of the high-level fire-fighting water tank, and a pressure gauge and a water volume control valve are installed on the fire-fighting water pipe.

The fire water pipes are arranged under the floor, smoke detectors and temperature detectors are installed at the bottom of the door cover, and the flow control valve, smoke detectors and temperature detectors are all controlled by the fire controller.

The water curtain water tank is fixed between the floor and the door pocket by a steel bracket. A flow distribution device, a flow equalization device, a flow stabilization device and a flow diversion device are arranged in the water curtain tank to make the water flow form a continuous water curtain.

The flow distribution device is connected with the fire water pipe, so that the flow of the water pipe is evenly distributed to the water curtain water tank; the two ends of the flow distribution device are respectively connected with the flow equalization device; the middle part of the water curtain water tank wall is sealed and fixed with a steady flow device, which can weaken the water flow disturbance, Reduce the internal vortex of the water flow and maintain a stable flow of water; the overflow port at the front of the water curtain water tank is connected with a diversion device to guide the outflow of the water curtain, reduce the shear stress between water molecules, and avoid water leakage after the water curtain flows out. The flow constricts towards the middle.

The flow distribution device adopts two ends of a circular tee to be connected with a gradually expanding circular pipe or a reducing circular pipe. The flow equalizing device is composed of two round pipes that are close to half the length of the water tank, and the round pipes are evenly arranged with gradually increasing water outlet holes from the middle to both ends (single-row round hole type, double-row round hole type , single-row strip hole, etc.).

The flow stabilizing device is a vertical baffle made of the same material as the water curtain water tank, which is seamlessly connected with the water curtain water tank to ensure that water only overflows from the upper side. It has the function of stabilizing the flow rate of water.

The diversion device is an arc or oblique diversion surface with a fixed length of about 5 cm at the front of the outlet of the water curtain water tank, and the width is evenly set before the outlet of the water curtain water tank to be 1/6 of the width of the water curtain water tank, and the height is lower than that of the water curtain water tank. The vertical partition of 1cm on the diversion surface of the curtain water tank is used to guide the water flow.

A kind of smoke prevention method of high-rise building water curtain smoke prevention system is as follows:

In a safe state, the water flow control valve in the branch outlet pipe connected to the high-level water tank of the high-rise building is in a closed state, and the water curtain water tank is at a stable liquid level. When a fire breaks out, the smoke from high-rise buildings spreads to the corridor, and when the smoke concentration and temperature reach a certain limit, the smoke detector and temperature detector will send the signal to the fire controller, and the fire controller will issue an order to open the water flow control valve , the water flows into the water curtain water tank, flows through the flow distribution device, the flow equalization device, and through the flow stabilization device and the flow guide device, a continuous water curtain can be formed to block the smoke in the corridors of high-rise buildings and cool the surrounding air. effect.

The water curtain system is provided by high-level water tanks in high-rise buildings. The water required for the smoke prevention of the water curtain system is 1.2-1.8m3/h. The device includes a flow distribution device, a water flow stabilization device, an overflow device, a flow equalization device, and a flow guide device. screen installation. The smoke-proof water curtain device is fixed on the upper part of the door in the front room of the stairwell and the passage through the steel bracket (the door is about 2.0m or so). When a fire breaks out in a high-rise building, the fire alarm signal is transmitted to the control valve of the smoke-proof water curtain system, and the valve receives the signal to open the regulating valve to supply water to the smoke-proof water curtain device. According to the special design of the water head on the device weir, a water curtain with a thickness of about 0.5~2mm is formed at the outlet of the water curtain. The water curtain has the functions of smoke isolation, fire resistance, cooling, lowering the level of fire doors, free access to smoke isolation places, and does not affect the field of vision. No special power supply is required.

The utility model has the advantages that it adopts a simple and effective design method for preventing smoke and fire. The fire-proof and smoke-proof device that produces the water curtain has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, and does not occupy the effective building space, and the cost is low. Free access to smoke-proof places and functions such as not affecting vision. The utility model can effectively control the spread and diffusion of the smoke, thoroughly improve the deficiencies of the existing smoke prevention and exhaust methods, and ensure the safe evacuation of personnel.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model will be further described:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the water curtain smoke prevention system for high-rise buildings. The labels in accompanying drawing 1 indicate: 1 fire-fighting high water tank, 2 water outlet valve, 3 check valve, 4 fire-fighting water pipe, 5 pressure gauge, 6 water flow control valve, 7 floor plate, 8 smoke detector, 9 temperature detector, 10 fire-fighting Controller, 11 water curtain water tank, 12 flow distribution device, 13 flow equalizing device, 14 steady flow device, 15 flow diversion device, 16 continuous water curtain, 17 steel bracket, 18 door cover.

Detailed ways

With reference to accompanying drawing 1, a kind of water curtain anti-smoke system of high-rise building comprises fire-fighting elevated water tank 1, outlet valve 2, filter 3, fire-fighting water pipe 4, pressure gauge 5, water flow control valve 6, floor slab 7, smoke detector 8, Temperature detector 9, fire controller 10, water curtain water tank 11, flow distribution device 12, flow equalization device 13, flow stabilization device 14, flow guide device 15, continuous water curtain 16, steel bracket 17 and door cover 18.

One end of the fire-fighting water pipe 4 is connected to the water outlet of the high-level fire-fighting water tank 1 , and the other end of the fire-fighting water pipe 4 is connected to the flow distribution device 12 . Outlet valve 2 and check valve 3 are installed on the fire-fighting water pipe 4 at the water outlet of fire-fighting high-level water tank 1, and pressure gauge 5 and water volume control valve 6 are housed on the fire-fighting water pipe 4.

The fire-fighting water pipe is arranged below the floor 7, and the middle bottom of the door cover 18 is provided with a smoke detector 8 and a temperature detector 9. The flow control valve 6, the smoke detector 8, and the temperature detector 9 are all controlled by the fire controller 10.

Water curtain water tank 11 is fixed between floor slab 7 and door pocket 18 by shaped steel support 17. A flow distribution device 12, a flow equalizing device 13, a steady flow device 14 and a flow guiding device 15 are arranged in the water curtain water tank 11, so that the water flow forms a continuous water curtain 16 during the time.

The flow distribution device 12 is connected with the fire-fighting water pipe 4, so that the flow of the water pipe is evenly distributed to the water curtain water tank 11; the two ends of the flow distribution device 12 are respectively connected with the flow equalization device 13; The flow device can weaken the disturbance of the water flow, reduce the internal vortex of the water flow, and maintain the stable flow of water; the overflow port at the front end of the water curtain water tank 11 is connected with a flow guide device, which can guide the flow of the water curtain and reduce the shear stress between water molecules To prevent the water flow from shrinking in the middle after the water curtain flows out, the flow distribution device 12 adopts a circular tee with two ends connected with a gradually expanding round pipe or a shrinking round pipe. The flow equalizing device 13 is composed of two circular pipes which are close to half the length of the water tank, and the circular pipes are evenly arranged with gradually increasing water outlet holes from the middle to both ends. The outlet holes of the flow equalizing device are single row of round holes, double rows of round holes or single row of strip holes.

The flow stabilizing device 14 is a vertical baffle made of the same material as the water curtain water tank 11, which is seamlessly connected with the water curtain water tank 11 to ensure that water only overflows from the upper side. It has the function of stabilizing the flow rate of water.

The guide device 15 is an arc or oblique diversion surface with a fixed length of about 5 cm at the outlet front of the water curtain water tank 11, and the width is evenly set before the outlet of the water curtain water tank 11 to be 1/6 of the width of the water curtain water tank 11. The height is lower than the vertical dividing plate of water curtain water tank 11 deflector surface 1cm, is used for dredging water flow.

The water source of the water curtain comes from the high-level fire water tank 1, which belongs to the system and does not need to consume additional energy.

The continuous water curtain 16 that is set between the upper floor slab 7 and the door cover 18 of the stairwell, the water curtain water tank 11 is fixed on the water at the floor 7 and the door cover 18 with a steel bracket 17, forming a water curtain water wall, a water curtain, and a water surface body Contain smoke in hallways within hallways.

The water in the water curtain water tank 11 is connected to the flow equalizing device 13 by the flow distribution device 12, and the water curtain water wall, water curtain, surface body.

The water flow control valve 6 connected to the fire water pipe 4 is sent by the smoke detector 8 and the temperature controller 9 to the fire controller 10 to control the opening and closing and the angle to adjust the shape, length, width, thickness and length of the water tongue.

The fire controller is a commercially available network device, which can be connected to the central control platform through the network to remotely control the water outlet valve and the water flow regulating valve.

A kind of smoke prevention method of high-rise building water curtain smoke prevention system is as follows:

In a safe state, the water flow control valve 6 in the branch outlet pipe 4 connected to the fire-fighting high-level water tank 1 of a high-rise building is in a closed state, and the water curtain water tank 11 is in a stable liquid level. When a fire breaks out, the smoke from high-rise buildings spreads to the corridor, and when the smoke concentration and temperature reach a certain limit, the smoke detector 8 and the temperature detector 9 will send the signal to the fire controller 10, and the fire controller 10 will issue an order to control the water flow. The valve 6 is in the open state, water flows into the water curtain water tank 11, flows through the flow distribution device 12, the flow equalization device 13, and through the flow stabilization device 14 and the flow guide device 15, a continuous water curtain 16 can be formed to block the corridors of high-rise buildings The flue gas in the air, and play a role in cooling the surrounding air.

A smoke prevention method for a water curtain smoke prevention system of a high-rise building, the water curtain system is provided by a high-level water tank of a high-rise building, and the amount of water required for the water curtain system smoke prevention is 1.2-1.8m3/h.

According to the smoke prevention method of the water curtain smoke prevention system of a high-rise building, a water curtain with a thickness of about 0.5-2mm is formed at the outlet of the water curtain.

Claims (7)

1. the Smoke prevention water curtain system in a kind of fire of high-rise building, it is characterised in that: including fire-fighting high water tank, outlet valve, mistake Filter, fire extinguisher canvas hose, pressure gauge, Water flow control valve, floor, smoke detector, hygrosensor, fire-fighting controller, water curtain Water tank, flow distribution device, current equalizer, constant-current stabilizer, guiding device, continuous water curtain, shape steel bracket and door pocket；Fire extinguisher canvas hose One end is connect with fire-fighting high water tank water outlet, and the fire extinguisher canvas hose other end is connected with flow distribution device, in fire-fighting high water tank Outlet valve, check-valves are housed on the fire extinguisher canvas hose of water outlet, pressure gauge and water control valve are housed on fire extinguisher canvas hose；Fire water Pipe is arranged in below floor, and smoke detector, hygrosensor, flow control valve and smoke detection is arranged in door pocket central bottom Device, hygrosensor are controlled by fire-fighting controller；Water curtain water tank is fixed between floor and door pocket by shape steel bracket, water curtain water Setting flow distribution device, current equalizer, constant-current stabilizer and guiding device in case, when so that water flow is formed continuous water curtain；Flow Distributor is connected with fire extinguisher canvas hose, distributes to water curtain water tank with making water pipe uniform flow；Flow distribution device both ends connect respectively Connect current equalizer；Water curtain water tank wall Middle face position seals fixed constant-current device, constant-current stabilizer can weaken turbulent water, reduce water Stream is internal to be vortexed, and keeps the steady flow of water；Guiding device is connected at the overflow port of water curtain water tank front end, goes out stream to water curtain and play to draw Stream is dredged, and shearing stress between hydrone is reduced, and water flow is to middle shrinkage after avoiding water curtain from going out to flow.

2. the Smoke prevention water curtain system in a kind of fire of high-rise building according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the stream Amount distributor is connected using round threeway both ends with flaring round tube or decrement round tube.

3. the Smoke prevention water curtain system in a kind of fire of high-rise building according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described is equal Flowing device is be made of the round tube of two water tank half length, and equably arrangement is gradually increased from the middle to both ends on round tube Apopore.

4. the Smoke prevention water curtain system in a kind of fire of high-rise building according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described is equal The apopore for flowing device is single circular hole formula, double circular hole formula or single strip-shaped hole.

5. the Smoke prevention water curtain system in a kind of fire of high-rise building according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described is steady Stream device is seamlessly connected with water curtain water tank, it is ensured that water using vertical baffle made of material identical with water curtain water tank material It is only overflowed from upside, has the function of stationary flow speed.

6. the Smoke prevention water curtain system in a kind of fire of high-rise building according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described leads Stream device is in the arc or oblique angle guide face that water curtain tank outlet forward position regular length is 5cm, before water curtain tank outlet Even setting width is water curtain water tank width 1/6, is highly lower than the vertical partition plate of water curtain water tank guide face 1cm, for dredging water flow.

7. the Smoke prevention water curtain system in a kind of fire of high-rise building according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described disappears Proof controller is the network equipment, is connect by network with center control platform, and outlet valve, Water flow adjusting valve are remotely controlled.