CN207832791U - Soil loss monitoring device - Google Patents
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本实用新型属于环境监测技术领域，涉及一种水土流失监测装置，其包括装置本体、喷头、控制阀、进水管、土壤层、集流槽、汇流槽、含沙量测量传感器、伸缩杆、支撑板、旋转支架以及万向轮，装置本体为长方体箱体，进水管固定在装置本体的上部并通过密封件进行密封固定，进水管的第一端连接有喷头，进水管的第二端连接有供水泵，进水管上设有控制阀，土壤层设置在装置本体的内部，土壤层位于喷头的下方，集流槽设置在装置本体的第一侧壁上，集流槽内部设有含沙量测量传感器，集流槽与汇流槽连接，汇流槽通过出水管与集水装置相连，汇流槽与出水管的连接处设有过滤装置，装置本体的底部相对应的设有伸缩杆和旋转支架，旋转支架位于第一侧壁的下方。
The utility model belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and relates to a soil erosion monitoring device, which includes a device body, a nozzle, a control valve, a water inlet pipe, a soil layer, a collecting tank, a collecting tank, a sand content measuring sensor, a telescopic rod, a support Plate, rotating bracket and universal wheel, the device body is a cuboid box, the water inlet pipe is fixed on the upper part of the device body and sealed and fixed by a seal, the first end of the water inlet pipe is connected with a nozzle, and the second end of the water inlet pipe is connected with a Water supply pump, a control valve is set on the water inlet pipe, the soil layer is set inside the device body, the soil layer is located under the nozzle, the collecting tank is set on the first side wall of the device body, and the sand content is set inside the collecting tank. Measuring sensor, the collecting tank is connected to the collecting tank, the collecting tank is connected to the water collecting device through the outlet pipe, the connection between the collecting tank and the outlet pipe is provided with a filtering device, and the bottom of the device body is correspondingly equipped with a telescopic rod and a rotating bracket. The rotating bracket is located under the first side wall.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于环境监测技术领域，特别涉及一种水土流失监测装置。The utility model belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a water and soil loss monitoring device.
背景技术Background technique
土壤侵蚀是指土壤及其母质在水力、风力、冻融或重力等外营力作用下，被破坏、剥蚀、搬运和沉积的过程。土壤侵蚀是土壤或其他地面组成物质在水力、风力、冻融、重力等外营力作用下，被剥蚀、破坏、分离、搬运和沉积的过程。根据外营力的种类，可将土壤侵蚀划分为水力侵蚀、风力侵蚀、冻融侵蚀、重力侵蚀、淋溶侵蚀、山洪侵蚀、泥石流侵蚀及土壤坍陷等。侵蚀的对象也并不限于土壤及其母质，还包括土壤下面的土体、岩屑及松软岩层等。在现代侵蚀条件下，人类活动对土壤侵蚀的影响日益加剧，它对土壤和地表物质的剥离和破坏，已成为十分重要的外营力。在中国，土壤侵蚀有时作为水土洗失的同义语。《中华人民共和国水土保持法》中所指的水土流失包含水的损失和土壤侵蚀两方面的内容。Soil erosion refers to the process in which soil and its parent material are destroyed, eroded, transported and deposited under the action of external forces such as water, wind, freeze-thaw or gravity. Soil erosion is the process in which soil or other ground components are eroded, destroyed, separated, transported and deposited under the action of external forces such as water, wind, freeze-thaw, and gravity. According to the types of exogenous forces, soil erosion can be divided into hydraulic erosion, wind erosion, freeze-thaw erosion, gravity erosion, leaching erosion, mountain torrent erosion, debris flow erosion and soil collapse. The objects of erosion are not limited to soil and its parent material, but also include soil, debris and soft rock layers under the soil. Under modern erosion conditions, the impact of human activities on soil erosion is increasing day by day, and its stripping and destruction of soil and surface materials has become a very important external force. In China, soil erosion is sometimes used as a synonym for soil washout. Soil erosion referred to in the "Soil and Water Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China" includes both water loss and soil erosion.
土壤侵蚀会破坏土地吞食农田、降低土壤肥力加剧干旱发展、淤积太高河床加剧洪涝灾害，因此对土壤侵蚀的监测尤为重要。Soil erosion will destroy the land and devour farmland, reduce soil fertility and aggravate drought development, and silt up the riverbed too high to aggravate flood disasters, so the monitoring of soil erosion is particularly important.
水土流失是我国最严重的生态环境问题，水土保持是我国一项基本国策，为了防止水土流失，需要测量水土流失的数量并掌握流失的规律。天然降水形成的坡面径流侵蚀土壤，携带、冲刷土壤颗粒是水土流失的主要类型。如何在现场比较准确的测量径流中推移质和悬移质泥沙的含量是一个棘手的问题。目前，水土流失地面监测的主要方法和技术手段是径流小区检测法和卡口站监测法，这两种方法都是依靠沉砂池沉淀泥沙，不定期清理、收集、烘干、称重。如果不及时收集、称重，下一次降雨时，可能会因为沉砂池的容积不够而外溢，无法测到总侵蚀量；同时流走的水流还挟带浓度不等的悬移质，准确测量有很大的难度。Soil erosion is the most serious ecological environment problem in my country. Soil and water conservation is a basic national policy of our country. In order to prevent soil erosion, it is necessary to measure the amount of soil erosion and grasp the law of erosion. Slope runoff formed by natural precipitation erodes soil, carrying and scouring soil particles is the main type of soil erosion. How to accurately measure the content of drift and suspended sediment in runoff is a thorny problem. At present, the main methods and technical means of surface monitoring of water and soil loss are the runoff area detection method and the bayonet station monitoring method. These two methods rely on the sedimentation of the grit chamber, which is cleaned, collected, dried and weighed irregularly. If it is not collected and weighed in time, the next time it rains, it may overflow due to the insufficient volume of the grit chamber, and the total erosion amount cannot be measured; at the same time, the flowing water also carries suspended substances with different concentrations, which can be accurately measured There is great difficulty.
实用新型内容Utility model content
为了克服现有技术的缺陷，本实用新型的目的在于提供一种水土流失监测装置，能实现对水土流失动态过程的监测及水土流失规律的掌握，监测精度高。In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a soil erosion monitoring device, which can realize the monitoring of the dynamic process of water and soil erosion and the grasp of the law of water and soil erosion, and has high monitoring accuracy.
本实用新型是这样实现的：The utility model is achieved in that:
一种水土流失监测装置，其包括装置本体、喷头、控制阀、进水管、土壤层、集流槽、汇流槽、含沙量测量传感器、伸缩杆、支撑板、旋转支架以及万向轮，所述装置本体为长方体箱体，所述进水管固定在所述装置本体的上部并通过密封件进行密封固定，所述进水管的第一端连接有喷头，所述进水管的第二端连接有供水泵，所述进水管上设有控制进水流量的控制阀，所述土壤层设置在所述装置本体的内部，所述土壤层位于所述喷头的下方，所述集流槽设置在所述装置本体的第一侧壁上并位于所述土壤层的上部，所述集流槽内部设有含沙量测量传感器，所述集流槽与所述汇流槽连接，所述汇流槽通过出水管与集水装置相连，所述汇流槽与所述出水管的连接处设有过滤装置，所述装置本体的底部设有伸缩杆和旋转支架，所述旋转支架位于所述第一侧壁的下方，所述伸缩杆的内杆固定在所述装置本体的底部，所述伸缩杆的外杆固定在所述支撑板上，所述支撑板的底部四角均设有万向轮。A soil erosion monitoring device, which includes a device body, a nozzle, a control valve, a water inlet pipe, a soil layer, a collecting tank, a collecting tank, a sensor for measuring sand content, a telescopic rod, a support plate, a rotating bracket and a universal wheel. The device body is a cuboid box, the water inlet pipe is fixed on the upper part of the device body and sealed and fixed by a seal, the first end of the water inlet pipe is connected with a nozzle, and the second end of the water inlet pipe is connected with a Water supply pump, the water inlet pipe is provided with a control valve to control the water flow, the soil layer is arranged inside the device body, the soil layer is located under the nozzle, and the collecting tank is arranged on the On the first side wall of the device body and located on the upper part of the soil layer, a sand concentration measurement sensor is provided inside the collecting tank, the collecting tank is connected with the collecting tank, and the collecting tank passes through the outlet The water pipe is connected to the water collecting device, a filtering device is provided at the junction of the confluence tank and the outlet pipe, and a telescopic rod and a rotating bracket are arranged at the bottom of the device body, and the rotating bracket is located on the side of the first side wall. Below, the inner rod of the telescopic rod is fixed on the bottom of the device body, the outer rod of the telescopic rod is fixed on the support plate, and the four corners of the bottom of the support plate are provided with universal wheels.
优选的，所述汇流槽的横截面为梯形，所述汇流槽的宽的一端与所述集流槽相连，所述汇流槽的窄的一端与所述出水管相连。Preferably, the cross section of the confluence tank is trapezoidal, the wide end of the confluence tank is connected to the collection tank, and the narrow end of the confluence tank is connected to the outlet pipe.
优选的，所述进水管上设有流量计。Preferably, a flow meter is provided on the water inlet pipe.
优选的，所述集水装置连接有供水泵，所述供水泵将所述集水装置中的水供给进水管。Preferably, the water collecting device is connected with a water supply pump, and the water supply pump supplies the water in the water collecting device to the water inlet pipe.
优选的，所述旋转支架包括固定在所述装置本体底部的上支架、固定在所述支撑板上的下支架以及连接所述上支架与下支架的转轴。Preferably, the rotating bracket includes an upper bracket fixed on the bottom of the device body, a lower bracket fixed on the support plate, and a rotating shaft connecting the upper bracket and the lower bracket.
优选的，所述万向轮上设有刹车装置。Preferably, a braking device is provided on the universal wheel.
与现有技术相比，本实用新型具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
本实用新型的水土流失监测装置能实现对水土流失动态过程的监测及水土流失规律的掌握，监测精度高；控制阀及流量计的设置能精准的控制进水量，实现对不同流速水流造成的水土流失的监测；伸缩杆能调节装置本体的倾斜角度，模拟不同土壤坡度的水土流失规律，集流槽中的含沙量测量传感器实时测量水土流失的程度；汇流槽及出水管的设置能实现水源的循环利用，节约资源。The water and soil loss monitoring device of the utility model can realize the monitoring of the dynamic process of water and soil loss and the grasp of the rules of water and soil loss, and has high monitoring accuracy; Loss monitoring; the telescopic rod can adjust the inclination angle of the device body to simulate the soil erosion law of different soil slopes, and the sediment concentration measurement sensor in the collecting tank can measure the degree of soil erosion in real time; the setting of the collecting tank and the outlet pipe can realize the water source recycling and saving resources.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的水土流失监测装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a soil erosion monitoring device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将参考附图详细说明本实用新型的示例性实施例、特征和方面。附图中相同的附图标记表示功能相同或相似的元件。尽管在附图中示出了实施例的各种方面，但是除非特别指出，不必按比例绘制附图。Exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the figures indicate functionally identical or similar elements. While various aspects of the embodiments are shown in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
如图1所示，本实用新型的水土流失监测装置，其包括装置本体1、喷头3、控制阀4、进水管5、土壤层2、集流槽11、汇流槽12、含沙量测量传感器、伸缩杆7、支撑板9、旋转支架14以及万向轮10，装置本体1为长方体箱体，进水管5固定在装置本体1的上部并通过密封件6进行密封固定，进水管5的第一端连接有喷头3，进水管5的第二端连接有供水泵15，进水管5上设有控制进水流量的控制阀4，进水管5上设有流量计16，实时采集进水流量，流量计16与控制阀4协同精准的控制进水流量，实现不同流速水流的水土流失的监测。土壤层2设置在装置本体1的内部，土壤层2位于喷头3的下方，集流槽11设置在装置本体1的第一侧壁上并位于土壤层2的上部，集流槽11内部设有含沙量测量传感器，汇流槽12的横截面为梯形，汇流槽12的宽的一端与集流槽11相连，汇流槽12的窄的一端与出水管相连，进而与集水装置13相连，汇流槽12与出水管的连接处设有过滤装置，装置本体1的底部相对应的设有伸缩杆7和旋转支架14，旋转支架14位于第一侧壁的下方，伸缩杆7的内杆固定在装置本体1的底部，伸缩杆7的外杆固定在支撑板9上，支撑板9的底部四角均设有万向轮10。As shown in Figure 1, the water and soil loss monitoring device of the present utility model includes a device body 1, a nozzle 3, a control valve 4, a water inlet pipe 5, a soil layer 2, a collecting tank 11, a collecting tank 12, and a sand content measuring sensor , telescopic rod 7, support plate 9, swivel bracket 14 and universal wheel 10, device body 1 is a cuboid box, water inlet pipe 5 is fixed on the top of device body 1 and is sealed and fixed by seal 6, the first water inlet pipe 5 One end is connected with a nozzle 3, the second end of the water inlet pipe 5 is connected with a water supply pump 15, the water inlet pipe 5 is provided with a control valve 4 for controlling the water flow, and the water inlet pipe 5 is provided with a flow meter 16 to collect the water flow in real time , the flow meter 16 cooperates with the control valve 4 to accurately control the influent flow, so as to realize the monitoring of water and soil loss of water flow at different flow rates. The soil layer 2 is arranged inside the device body 1, the soil layer 2 is located below the nozzle 3, the collecting tank 11 is arranged on the first side wall of the device body 1 and is located on the top of the soil layer 2, and the collecting tank 11 is provided with Sediment concentration measurement sensor, the cross section of the confluence tank 12 is trapezoidal, the wide end of the confluence tank 12 is connected with the confluence tank 11, the narrow end of the confluence tank 12 is connected with the outlet pipe, and then connected with the water collecting device 13, the confluence The connection between the groove 12 and the outlet pipe is provided with a filtering device, and the bottom of the device body 1 is correspondingly provided with a telescopic rod 7 and a rotating bracket 14, the rotating bracket 14 is located below the first side wall, and the inner rod of the telescopic rod 7 is fixed on At the bottom of the device body 1, the outer rod of the telescopic rod 7 is fixed on the support plate 9, and the four corners of the bottom of the support plate 9 are provided with universal wheels 10.
集水装置13连接有供水泵15，供水泵15将集水装置13中经过滤后的水供给进水管5，实现水源的循环利用。The water collecting device 13 is connected with a water supply pump 15, and the water supply pump 15 supplies the filtered water in the water collecting device 13 to the water inlet pipe 5, so as to realize the recycling of water source.
优选的，旋转支架14包括固定在装置本体1底部的上支架、固定在支撑板9上的下支架以及连接上支架与下支架的转轴。Preferably, the rotating bracket 14 includes an upper bracket fixed on the bottom of the device body 1 , a lower bracket fixed on the support plate 9 and a rotating shaft connecting the upper bracket and the lower bracket.
优选的，万向轮10上设有刹车装置，防止装置的移动。Preferably, a brake device is provided on the universal wheel 10 to prevent the device from moving.
在进行监测过程中，可通过控制阀4和流量计16的实时监测，来精确控制进水流量，模拟不用流速水流造成的水土流失情况，通过调节伸缩杆7的长度实现装置本体1的倾斜角度的设置，模拟不同土壤坡度的水土流失情况，在调节伸缩杆7时，装置本体1的另一侧以旋转支架14的转轴为轴实现装置本体1的稳定倾斜，进行测试时，随着装置本体1内水流的增加，土壤流入集流槽11和汇流槽12，含沙量测量传感器进行实时监测，实现水土流失的动态过程的检测及规律的掌握。汇流槽12中的过滤装置将泥沙进行过滤，清水通过出水管进入集水装置13，供进水使用，实现水源的循环利用。During the monitoring process, the influent flow rate can be precisely controlled by the real-time monitoring of the control valve 4 and the flow meter 16, and the water and soil loss caused by the water flow at different flow rates can be simulated, and the inclination angle of the device body 1 can be realized by adjusting the length of the telescopic rod 7 The setting of different soil slopes simulates the water and soil loss situation. When adjusting the telescopic rod 7, the other side of the device body 1 takes the rotating shaft of the rotating bracket 14 as the axis to realize the stable tilt of the device body 1. During the test, as the device body 1. With the increase of the internal water flow, the soil flows into the collecting tank 11 and the collecting tank 12, and the sediment concentration measuring sensor performs real-time monitoring to realize the detection of the dynamic process of soil erosion and the control of the law. The filter device in the confluence tank 12 filters the silt, and the clear water enters the water collection device 13 through the outlet pipe for water intake, so as to realize the recycling of water source.
最后应说明的是：以上所述的各实施例仅用于说明本实用新型的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本实用新型进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本实用新型各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model, rather than limit it; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art It should be understood that it is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the various implementations of the present utility model. The scope of technical solutions.
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| CN110646590A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-03 | 贵州大学 | Water and soil loss measurement-based water and soil conservation scheme determination method and system |
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