CN207528376U - A kind of large cavity high/low temperature loading device for neutron stress measurement - Google Patents
A kind of large cavity high/low temperature loading device for neutron stress measurement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及中子衍射应力测量应用中的一种中子衍射原位温度加载装置,具体涉及一种用于中子应力测量的大腔体高低温加载装置。The utility model relates to a neutron diffraction in-situ temperature loading device in the application of neutron diffraction stress measurement, in particular to a large cavity high and low temperature loading device for neutron stress measurement.
背景技术Background technique
用于中子应力测量的大腔体高低温加载装置配合中子应力谱仪使用,可用于测量航空机翼、发动机、高铁轨道等部件在使役温度下应力分布情况,对部件材料选择、加工工艺等方面起到指导作用。这些部件的使役温度范围一般为零下几十度到一百度左右。通过改变被测部件的环境温度,再利用中子应力谱仪测量部件的应力分布,可获得被测部件应力分布受温度变化的影响机制。为获得精细的应力分布图,一个部件需要测量几十个甚至上百个不同位置,耗时会达到两、三天的时间。该温度段的常规高低温加载装置往往采用造价经济的液氮作为制冷源,被测部件暴露在环境大气中,长时间加载(一小时左右)被测部件表面会凝结大量冰霜。中子对水的穿透性非常差,因此液氮冷却方式不满足中子散射测量实验的加载要求。目前,国内关于中子散射原位环境装置的文献或报道中尚未涉及中子衍射原位低温加载的相关技术内容。The large-cavity high-low temperature loading device used for neutron stress measurement is used together with the neutron stress spectrometer, which can be used to measure the stress distribution of aviation wings, engines, high-speed rail tracks and other components under the service temperature, and to control the material selection and processing technology of components, etc. play a guiding role. The operating temperature range of these components is generally from tens of degrees below zero to about one hundred degrees. By changing the ambient temperature of the tested part, and then using the neutron stress spectrometer to measure the stress distribution of the part, the influence mechanism of the stress distribution of the tested part by the temperature change can be obtained. In order to obtain a fine stress distribution map, dozens or even hundreds of different positions need to be measured for a part, which will take two or three days. Conventional high and low temperature loading devices in this temperature range often use cost-effective liquid nitrogen as a cooling source. The tested part is exposed to the ambient atmosphere, and a large amount of frost will condense on the surface of the tested part after loading for a long time (about one hour). The penetration of neutrons to water is very poor, so the liquid nitrogen cooling method does not meet the loading requirements of neutron scattering measurement experiments. At present, domestic literature or reports on neutron scattering in-situ environmental devices have not yet involved the relevant technical content of neutron diffraction in-situ low-temperature loading.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于中子应力测量的大腔体高低温加载装置。本实用新型能够为部件级样品提供高低温环境,装置的结构设计允许中子谱仪对部件样品进行360°的全方位应力测量,同时保证低温加载过程中样品不会出现凝结冰霜的问题。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a large cavity high and low temperature loading device for neutron stress measurement. The utility model can provide a high and low temperature environment for component-level samples. The structural design of the device allows the neutron spectrometer to perform 360° all-round stress measurement on the component samples, and at the same time ensures that the samples will not have the problem of condensation and frost during the low-temperature loading process.
本实用新型的用于中子应力测量的大腔体高低温加载装置,其特点是,所述加载装置包括密封腔体、热量辐射罩、样品架、制冷机、辐射加热器、铂电阻、真空泵和冷量传导构件;所述的密封腔体包括上密封法兰、下密封法兰、真空罩体;所述的热量辐射罩包括冷屏顶板、冷屏底板、冷屏;所述的样品架包括上固定样品架、下固定样品架;所述的冷量传导构件包括传导冷链、波纹管、冷链提拉杆,其中,所述的上密封法兰设置有连接真空泵的真空抽口和连接辐射加热器、铂电阻的电气接口。The high and low temperature loading device with a large cavity for neutron stress measurement of the utility model is characterized in that the loading device includes a sealed cavity, a heat radiation cover, a sample rack, a refrigerator, a radiation heater, a platinum resistor, a vacuum pump and The cold conduction member; the sealed cavity includes an upper sealing flange, a lower sealing flange, and a vacuum cover; the heat radiation cover includes a cold screen top plate, a cold screen bottom plate, and a cold screen; the sample holder includes The upper fixed sample rack and the lower fixed sample rack; the cold energy conduction member includes a conductive cold chain, a bellows, and a cold chain lifting rod, wherein the upper sealing flange is provided with a vacuum port connected to a vacuum pump and connected to a radiation Electric interface of heater and platinum resistance thermometer.
其连接关系是:所述的上密封法兰、下密封法兰分别安装在真空罩体的上端、下端,组成一个圆筒状的密封腔体;所述的冷屏顶板、冷屏底板分别固定在冷屏上端、下端,组成一个圆筒状的热量辐射罩;利用绝热材料分别将冷屏顶板、冷屏底板固定在上密封法兰、下密封法兰上,使热量辐射罩置于密封腔体的内部;所述的上固定样品架固定在冷屏顶板上,下固定样品架固定在冷屏底板上,使样品架置于热量辐射罩内部;所述的制冷机固定在上密封法兰上,使制冷机的冷头置于密封腔体内部;所述辐射加热器置于热量辐射罩内部,固定在冷屏顶板上;所述的铂电阻的测量端贴在被测样品表面;所述的辐射加热器、铂电阻的线缆连接到上密封法兰设置的电气接口上;所述的真空泵通过真空管连接到上密封法兰的真空抽口上;所述的冷链提拉杆利用波纹管固定在上密封法兰上,所述的传导冷链一端连接制冷机的冷头上,另一端连接在冷链提拉杆上,所述的传导冷链在冷链提拉杆的带动下可与冷屏顶板紧密接触或脱离。The connection relationship is: the upper sealing flange and the lower sealing flange are respectively installed on the upper end and the lower end of the vacuum cover to form a cylindrical sealing cavity; the cold screen top plate and the cold screen bottom plate are respectively fixed A cylindrical heat radiation cover is formed at the upper and lower ends of the cold screen; the top plate and the bottom plate of the cold screen are respectively fixed on the upper sealing flange and the lower sealing flange by using heat insulating materials, so that the heat radiation cover is placed in the sealed cavity The inside of the body; the upper fixed sample rack is fixed on the top plate of the cold screen, and the lower fixed sample rack is fixed on the bottom plate of the cold screen, so that the sample rack is placed inside the heat radiation cover; the described refrigerator is fixed on the upper sealing flange The cold head of the refrigerator is placed inside the sealed cavity; the radiation heater is placed inside the heat radiation cover and fixed on the top plate of the cold screen; the measuring end of the platinum resistance is attached to the surface of the tested sample; The cables of the radiation heater and platinum resistor described above are connected to the electrical interface provided on the upper sealing flange; the vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum outlet of the upper sealing flange through a vacuum tube; the cold chain lifting rod uses a bellows fixed on the upper sealing flange, one end of the conductive cold chain is connected to the cold head of the refrigerator, and the other end is connected to the cold chain lifting rod, and the conductive cold chain can be connected with the cold chain under the drive of the cold chain lifting rod. The top panel of the screen is in tight contact or disengagement.
所述的真空罩体采用锻件厚壁高强度铝合金管进行整体加工。The vacuum cover is integrally processed by forging thick-walled high-strength aluminum alloy tubes.
所述的冷屏顶板、冷屏底板选择高导热率金属材料,内表面进行黑色阳极氧化处理。The top plate and the bottom plate of the cold screen are made of metal materials with high thermal conductivity, and the inner surfaces are treated with black anodic oxidation.
所述冷屏选择高强度铝合金材质,内表面进行黑色阳极氧化处理。The cold screen is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the inner surface is black anodized.
所述的制冷机为液氦闭循环型制冷机;The refrigerator is a liquid helium closed-cycle refrigerator;
所述的传导冷链为高导热率材料的柔性金属材料。The conduction cold chain is a flexible metal material with high thermal conductivity.
所述的冷链提拉杆为气动提拉式,充气时冷链提拉杆带动传导冷链紧压到冷屏顶板的表面,断气时冷链提拉杆带动传导冷链脱离冷屏顶板。The cold chain lifting rod is a pneumatic lifting type. When inflated, the cold chain lifting rod drives the conduction cold chain to press against the surface of the cold screen top plate.
所述装置的工作过程是:The working process of the device is:
1)利用真空泵将密封腔体内的带有水成份的空气抽出,保证样品环境的无水、无氧化。1) Use a vacuum pump to pump out the air with water in the sealed cavity to ensure that the sample environment is anhydrous and non-oxidative.
2)为样品进行制冷操作时,首先开启冷链提拉杆的气缸气阀,对气缸进行充气,冷链提拉杆带动传导冷链紧压到冷屏顶板的表面;然后,启动液氦闭循环型制冷机为样品提供冷源,过程中样品未接触到水汽,因此,低温状态的样品表明不会出现结冰、结霜现象。2) When performing refrigeration operations for samples, first open the cylinder valve of the cold chain lifting rod to inflate the cylinder, and the cold chain lifting rod drives the conductive cold chain to press tightly to the surface of the top plate of the cold screen; then, start the liquid helium closed circulation type The refrigerator provides a cold source for the sample, and the sample is not exposed to water vapor during the process. Therefore, the sample in a low temperature state will not freeze or frost.
3)为样品进行加热操作时,首先关闭冷链提拉杆的气缸气阀,对气缸进行断气,冷链提拉杆带动传导冷链脱离冷屏顶板,然后控制加热板的加载电流,对样品进行加热;3) When heating the sample, first close the cylinder air valve of the cold chain lifting rod, cut off the air in the cylinder, the cold chain lifting rod drives the conductive cold chain to leave the top plate of the cold screen, and then controls the loading current of the heating plate to heat the sample ;
本实用新型的用于中子应力测量的大腔体高低温加载装置,具有结构简单、性能可靠的特点。装置采用密闭的腔体结构和液氦闭循环的制冷方式,使得样品始终处于无氧、无水的真空状态,制冷时不会出现结冰、结霜现象,加热时不会出现样品氧化问题,从而确保了中子测量实验的顺利开展。装置的真空罩体采用中子高透过率的高强度铝合金材料和锻件厚壁管的加工方式,在可承受内外大气压力的前提下降低了罩体壁厚,从而保证了真空罩体的中子高透过率,同时,配合具有旋转功能的样品台,可实现部件样品360°的全方位应力测量。本实用新型适用于航空机翼、发动机、高铁轨道等部件级样品,能够满足部件级样品在使役温度下应力分布测量需求,从而对部件材料选择、加工工艺等方面起到指导作用,具有较高的科研价值和良好的应用前景。The large cavity high and low temperature loading device used for neutron stress measurement of the utility model has the characteristics of simple structure and reliable performance. The device adopts a closed cavity structure and a liquid helium closed cycle refrigeration method, so that the sample is always in an oxygen-free and water-free vacuum state, and there will be no icing or frosting during cooling, and no sample oxidation during heating. This ensures the smooth development of the neutron measurement experiment. The vacuum cover of the device is made of high-strength aluminum alloy material with high neutron transmittance and the processing method of forged thick-walled tube, which reduces the wall thickness of the cover under the premise of being able to withstand internal and external atmospheric pressure, thereby ensuring the vacuum cover. High neutron transmittance, at the same time, with the sample stage with rotation function, it can realize 360° all-round stress measurement of component samples. The utility model is suitable for component-level samples such as aviation wings, engines, and high-speed rail tracks, and can meet the stress distribution measurement requirements of component-level samples at service temperatures, thereby playing a guiding role in the selection of component materials, processing technology, etc., and has a high scientific research value and good application prospects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的用于中子应力测量的大腔体高低温加载装置的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a large cavity high and low temperature loading device for neutron stress measurement of the present invention;
图2为本实用新型的用于中子应力测量的大腔体高低温加载装置的剖视图;Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a large cavity high and low temperature loading device for neutron stress measurement of the present invention;
图3为本实用新型的用于中子应力测量的大腔体高低温加载装置俯视图;Fig. 3 is a top view of the large cavity high and low temperature loading device for neutron stress measurement of the present invention;
图中,1. 上密封法兰 2.下密封法兰 3. 真空罩体 4.冷屏顶板 5.冷屏底板6. 冷屏 7. 上固定样品架 8. 下固定样品架 9. 制冷机 10. 辐射加热器 11. 铂电阻 12. 真空泵 13. 传导冷链 14. 波纹管 15. 冷链提拉杆。In the figure, 1. Upper sealing flange 2. Lower sealing flange 3. Vacuum cover 4. Cold screen top plate 5. Cold screen bottom plate 6. Cold screen 7. Upper fixed sample rack 8. Lower fixed sample rack 9. Refrigerator 10. Radiant heater 11. Platinum resistor 12. Vacuum pump 13. Conductive cold chain 14. Bellows 15. Cold chain lifting rod.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图进一步说明本实用新型的详细内容及其具体实施方式。Further illustrate the detailed content of the utility model and its specific implementation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
实施例1Example 1
图1至图3分别为本实施例的结构示意图、剖视图和俯视图,本实用新型的用于中子应力测量的大腔体高低温加载装置包括密封腔体、热量辐射罩、样品架、制冷机9、辐射加热器10、铂电阻11、真空泵12和冷量传导构件;所述的密封腔体包括上密封法兰1、下密封法兰2、真空罩体3;所述的热量辐射罩包括冷屏顶板4、冷屏底板5、冷屏6;所述的样品架包括上固定样品架7、下固定样品架8;所述的冷量传导构件包括传导冷链13、波纹管14、冷链提拉杆15。其中,所述的上密封法兰1设置有连接真空泵12的真空抽口和连接辐射加热器10、铂电阻11的电气接口。Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 are respectively the structure schematic diagram, sectional view and top view of this embodiment, the large cavity high and low temperature loading device used for neutron stress measurement of the utility model includes a sealed cavity, a heat radiation cover, a sample rack, a refrigerator 9 , radiant heater 10, platinum resistance 11, vacuum pump 12 and cold conduction member; the sealed cavity includes an upper sealing flange 1, a lower sealing flange 2, and a vacuum cover 3; the heat radiation cover includes a cooling Screen top plate 4, cold screen bottom plate 5, cold screen 6; described sample rack includes upper fixed sample rack 7, lower fixed sample rack 8; described cold energy conduction member includes conduction cold chain 13, bellows 14, cold chain Pull bar 15. Wherein, the upper sealing flange 1 is provided with a vacuum port connected to a vacuum pump 12 and an electrical interface connected to a radiation heater 10 and a platinum resistor 11 .
所述的上密封法兰1、下密封法兰2分别安装在真空罩体3的上端、下端,组成一个圆筒状的密封腔体;所述的冷屏顶板4、冷屏底板5分别固定在冷屏6上端、下端,组成一个圆筒状的热量辐射罩;利用绝热材料分别将冷屏顶板4、冷屏底板5固定在上密封法兰1、下密封法兰2上,使热量辐射罩置于密封腔体的内部;所述的上固定样品架7固定在冷屏顶板4上,下固定样品架8固定在冷屏底板5上,使样品架置于热量辐射罩内部;所述的制冷机9固定在上密封法兰1上,使制冷机9的冷头置于密封腔体内部;所述辐射加热器10置于热量辐射罩内部,固定在冷屏顶板4上;所述的铂电阻11的测量端贴在被测样品表面;所述的辐射加热器10、铂电阻11的线缆连接到上密封法兰1设置的电气接口上;所述的真空泵12通过真空管连接到上密封法兰1的真空抽口上;所述的冷链提拉杆15利用波纹管14固定在上密封法兰1上,所述的传导冷链13一端连接制冷机9的冷头上,另一端连接在冷链提拉杆15上,所述的传导冷链13在冷链提拉杆15的带动下可与冷屏顶板4紧密接触或脱离。The upper sealing flange 1 and the lower sealing flange 2 are respectively installed on the upper end and the lower end of the vacuum cover body 3 to form a cylindrical sealing cavity; the cold screen top plate 4 and the cold screen bottom plate 5 are respectively fixed A cylindrical heat radiation cover is formed at the upper and lower ends of the cold shield 6; the cold shield top plate 4 and the cold shield bottom plate 5 are respectively fixed on the upper sealing flange 1 and the lower sealing flange 2 by using heat insulating materials to radiate heat The cover is placed inside the sealed cavity; the upper fixed sample rack 7 is fixed on the top plate 4 of the cold screen, and the lower fixed sample rack 8 is fixed on the bottom plate 5 of the cold screen, so that the sample rack is placed inside the heat radiation cover; The refrigerator 9 is fixed on the upper sealing flange 1, so that the cold head of the refrigerator 9 is placed inside the sealed cavity; the radiation heater 10 is placed inside the heat radiation cover and fixed on the cold screen top plate 4; The measuring end of the platinum resistance 11 is attached to the surface of the sample to be tested; the cables of the radiation heater 10 and the platinum resistance 11 are connected to the electrical interface provided by the upper sealing flange 1; the vacuum pump 12 is connected to the On the vacuum outlet of the upper sealing flange 1; the cold chain lifting rod 15 is fixed on the upper sealing flange 1 by a bellows 14, and one end of the conduction cold chain 13 is connected to the cold head of the refrigerator 9, and the other end is Connected to the cold chain lifting rod 15 , the conductive cold chain 13 can be in close contact with or separated from the cold screen top plate 4 driven by the cold chain lifting rod 15 .
所述的真空罩体3采用锻件厚壁高强度铝合金管进行整体加工。The vacuum cover 3 is integrally processed by forging thick-walled high-strength aluminum alloy tubes.
所述的冷屏顶板4、冷屏底板5选择高导热率金属材料,内表面进行黑色阳极氧化处理。The cold screen top plate 4 and the cold screen bottom plate 5 are made of metal materials with high thermal conductivity, and the inner surfaces are treated with black anodic oxidation.
所述冷屏6选择高强度铝合金材质,内表面进行黑色阳极氧化处理。The cold screen 6 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the inner surface is black anodized.
所述的制冷机9为液氦闭循环型制冷机;The refrigerator 9 is a liquid helium closed-cycle refrigerator;
所述的传导冷链13为高导热率材料的柔性金属材料。The conductive cold chain 13 is a flexible metal material with high thermal conductivity.
所述的冷链提拉杆15为气动提拉式,充气时冷链提拉杆15带动传导冷链13紧压到冷屏顶板4的表面,断气时冷链提拉杆15带动传导冷链13脱离冷屏顶板4。The cold chain lifting rod 15 is a pneumatic lifting type. When inflated, the cold chain lifting rod 15 drives the conductive cold chain 13 to be pressed tightly to the surface of the cold screen top plate 4. When the gas is cut off, the cold chain lifting rod 15 drives the conductive cold chain 13 to break away from the cold. Screen top board4.
本实施例中,上密封法兰、下密封法兰选用不锈钢材料,真空罩体采用7050航空铝合金材质,外形尺寸为直径600mm、高度700mm、壁厚4mm;冷屏顶板、冷屏底板选用铜合金材质,冷屏材质选用铝合金材料,外形尺寸为直径575mm、高度550mm、壁厚2.5mm;液氦闭循环型制冷机的制冷功率为200w。经过上述实施后,本实用新型可对直径500mm、高度500mm以内的圆柱、圆环等尺寸级别的部件样品进行中子衍射原位高低温加载。In this embodiment, the upper sealing flange and the lower sealing flange are made of stainless steel, the vacuum cover is made of 7050 aviation aluminum alloy, and the external dimensions are 600mm in diameter, 700mm in height, and 4mm in wall thickness; the top plate and bottom plate of the cold screen are made of copper Alloy material, the cold screen material is made of aluminum alloy, the external dimensions are 575mm in diameter, 550mm in height, and 2.5mm in wall thickness; the cooling power of the liquid helium closed-cycle refrigerator is 200w. After the above-mentioned implementation, the utility model can carry out in-situ high and low temperature loading by neutron diffraction on component samples of cylinders, rings and other size classes with a diameter of 500 mm and a height of less than 500 mm.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例与实施例1的结构相同,不同之处是真空罩体的外形尺寸为直径400mm、高度600mm、壁厚3mm;冷屏顶板、冷屏底板、冷屏选用铝合金材料,冷屏的外形尺寸为直径375mm、高度350mm、壁厚2.5mm;液氦闭循环型制冷机的制冷功率为150w。The structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1. The difference is that the external dimensions of the vacuum cover are 400mm in diameter, 600mm in height, and 3mm in wall thickness; The overall dimensions are 375mm in diameter, 350mm in height, and 2.5mm in wall thickness; the cooling power of the liquid helium closed-cycle refrigerator is 150w.
本实用新型可对直径300mm、高度300mm以内的圆柱、圆环等尺寸级别的部件样品进行中子衍射原位高低温加载。The utility model can carry out neutron diffraction in-situ high and low temperature loading on the component samples with a diameter of 300 mm and a height of less than 300 mm such as cylinders and rings.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107817067A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-03-20 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | A kind of large cavity high/low temperature loading device for neutron stress measurement |
CN111122342A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-08 | 吉林大学 | Vacuum Variable Temperature Environment Loading Device for Neutron Stress Spectrometer |
CN115372391A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-11-22 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | An in-situ neutron testing device and a battery in-situ charging and discharging neutron testing system |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107817067A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-03-20 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | A kind of large cavity high/low temperature loading device for neutron stress measurement |
CN107817067B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2023-10-20 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Large-cavity high-low temperature loading device for neutron stress measurement |
CN111122342A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-08 | 吉林大学 | Vacuum Variable Temperature Environment Loading Device for Neutron Stress Spectrometer |
CN115372391A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-11-22 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | An in-situ neutron testing device and a battery in-situ charging and discharging neutron testing system |
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