CN207324759U - A kind of solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device - Google Patents

Abstract

A solar particle catalytic chamber endothermic reactor, including an endothermic and reaction chamber, the endothermic and reaction chamber is provided with an inlet for transmitting sunlight, and a quartz glass window is arranged at the inlet of the sunlight, and The opposite wall of the quartz glass window is provided with a membrane-type water-cooled wall; the heat absorption and reaction chamber includes a widening pipe, a reaction pipe and a tapered pipe which are sequentially arranged and communicated from bottom to top. In the utility model, the quartz window transmits sunlight and greatly shields the infrared rays inside the cavity, and the convection and radiation heat loss is very small. Through the absorption and scattering of the sunlight and wall radiation by the catalyst particles, the heat flux density of the solar energy can also be homogenized. . The tapering of the endothermic and reaction chamber slows down the reaction gas flow rate and prolongs the residence time of the reactants. The reactor of the utility model has high space utilization rate and high catalytic efficiency, can realize the control of the chemical reaction speed, reduce the cost and improve the operation safety at the same time.

Description

A solar particle catalytic cavity endothermic reactor

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of efficient thermochemical energy storage of solar energy and the uniform utilization of heat flux density on the wall surface of a solar heat absorber, in particular to a solar particle catalytic type cavity heat absorbing reactor.

Background technique

Solar thermal power generation technology is an important technology to alleviate the energy crisis and improve the ecological environment. The "13th Five-Year Plan" is an important period for my country to promote economic transformation, energy revolution, and system and mechanism innovation. It is also a key stage for the upgrading of the solar energy industry. The basic task is to upgrade the industry, reduce costs, expand applications, and achieve self-sustainable market-oriented development that does not rely on state subsidies. However, solar energy has the disadvantages of intermittent, low density and instability, and it is difficult to supply continuously. An effective and safe energy storage system is very necessary for solar thermal power generation.

The solar thermal storage technology stores the thermal energy in the time and space with abundant sunlight to the time and space with insufficient sunlight for backup, so as to maintain the stability of the thermal power generation system. Thermochemical energy storage uses reversible reactions to store and release energy. The energy storage density is very high, and the decomposition products can be stored for a long time at room temperature and can be transported over long distances. Methane thermochemical reforming is a solar thermochemical energy storage method. The methane reforming reactor can be divided into direct reaction system and indirect reaction system. The solar receiver of the direct reaction system is the reactor, and the mixer directly receives Reaction in the reactor; the receiver of the indirect reaction system is separated from the reactor, and a heat transfer fluid is required to transfer the received solar energy to the reaction gas.

Existing reforming reactors mainly use direct fixed-bed reactors, which directly irradiate the catalytic bed layer with sunlight. Due to the inhomogeneity of the inlet heat flux density, the temperature distribution of the catalytic bed will be uneven, which is not conducive to chemical reactions. progress and increase conversion rates. Fixed bed reactor layout space is limited, the contact area between catalyst and reaction gas is small, resulting in redundant reactor space, which is not conducive to the saving of reactor space, and is not conducive to the improvement of catalyst efficiency, which will also lead to high primary cost of the reactor The problem. And the direct reactor is not suitable for systems with different endothermic working fluids and chemical reaction working fluids. For example, using water as the endothermic working fluid, but using CH ₄ /CO ₂ as the reaction working fluid to achieve chemical reaction energy storage requires Install the chemical reactor and the heat-absorbing cavity of the water working medium at the same time. The conventional solar heat absorbing cavity is exposed to the air, and the convective heat loss of the membrane water wall is very large. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device that can not only efficiently catalyze and control chemical reactions, but also homogenize the heat flux density at the solar inlet and reduce the convective heat loss of the membrane water wall.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a solar particle catalytic cavity heat absorber and reactor, which can homogenize the heat flux density of the solar energy inlet, reduce the convective heat exchange loss of the cavity, and realize high-speed and controllable chemical reactions at the same time, and optimize the High-temperature equipment improves light energy utilization, reduces costs and improves operational safety.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

A solar particle catalytic chamber endothermic reactor, including a cyclone separator and an endothermic and reaction chamber sealed at both ends, the endothermic and reaction chamber is provided with an inlet for transmitting sunlight, and the inlet of sunlight A quartz glass window is provided, and a membrane water-cooled wall is arranged on the wall of the heat absorption and reaction chamber opposite to the quartz glass window; The pipes in the reaction section and the pipes in the tapered section; the bottom of the pipe in the tapered section is provided with a pipe for introducing reaction gas, and the top of the pipe in the tapered section is provided with a pipe for discharging the generated gas, and the pipe outlet at the top of the pipe in the tapered section is separated from the cyclone The device inlet is connected.

The further improvement of the utility model is that the angle between the busbar of the widening section pipeline and the inlet plane is 45°, the pipeline of the reaction section is cylindrical; the angle between the busbar of the tapering section pipeline and the outlet plane is 45°.

The further improvement of the utility model is that the solid outlet at the bottom of the cyclone separator communicates with the catalyst inlet at the bottom of the pipeline in the reaction section.

The further improvement of the utility model is that the gas outlet at the top of the cyclone separator communicates with the product storage tank, and the product storage tank communicates with the reactant storage tank through the exothermic reactor.

The further improvement of the utility model lies in that the outlet of the reactant storage tank is connected with the pipeline provided at the bottom of the gradually widened pipeline through the reaction gas inlet check valve, the circulation fan and the flow control valve.

The further improvement of the utility model lies in that the solid outlet at the bottom of the cyclone separator is connected with the inlet of the storage bin, and the outlet of the storage bin is connected with the inlet of the feeding fan whose rotation speed can be adjusted through the feeding check valve.

The further improvement of the utility model is that a catalyst injection port communicating with the storage bin is arranged above the storage bin.

The further improvement of the utility model is that three catalyst inlets are provided at the bottom of the pipeline in the reaction section along the circumference, and the corresponding central angle between two adjacent catalyst inlets is 90°.

The further improvement of the utility model is that the outlet of the feeding fan communicates with the three catalyst inlets at the bottom of the pipeline in the reaction section through the feed valve.

The further improvement of the utility model is that the membrane-type water-cooled wall is distributed along the circumferential direction on the heat-absorbing and reaction chamber, and the corresponding central angle is 120°; the outlet of the membrane-type water-cooled wall is connected with a steam turbine, and the steam turbine is connected with the condensing system and The feedwater heating system is connected, and the feedwater heating system is connected with the outlet of the membrane water wall through the water pump.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:

The utility model integrates the heat absorption and reaction chamber and the membrane water-cooled wall heat absorber into one by setting, that is, the design of the methane carbon dioxide heat absorber and the membrane water-cooled wall heat absorber is integrated, which is beneficial to make full use of sunlight At the same time, the structure of high-temperature reaction equipment is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the safety performance is increased; a closed endothermic chamber reactor is adopted, and the quartz window transmits sunlight and greatly shields infrared rays, convection and radiant heat inside the chamber The loss is very small, and the solar heat flux can also be homogenized through the absorption and scattering of the catalyst particles on the sunlight and wall radiation. The catalyst separated by the cyclone separator enters the endothermic and reaction chamber, so that the catalyst can be recycled; the tapered section of the endothermic and reaction chamber can slow down the reaction gas flow rate and prolong the residence time of the reactants. The pipeline facilitates the discharge of the reacted gas. By adopting the reactor of the utility model, the space utilization rate of the reactor is high, and the catalytic efficiency is high, the chemical reaction speed can be controlled, the cost can be reduced and the operation safety can be improved at the same time.

Furthermore, since the rotation speed of the feeding fan can be adjusted, the injection amount of the catalyst can be adjusted, which has strong adaptability to the intermittent nature of sunlight, and can ensure efficient and controllable reaction.

Further, the methane/carbon dioxide gas generated by the exothermic reaction or the methane/carbon dioxide gas in the reactant storage tank is pumped into the endothermic and reaction chamber by the circulation fan through the flow control valve after passing through the reaction gas inlet check valve to complete the cycle.

Further, feed water at 105°C is fed into the inlet of the membrane water cooling wall. The feed water absorbs energy in the membrane water cooling wall and is heated to become superheated steam. After being discharged from the outlet of the membrane water cooling wall, it enters the steam turbine to do work, and then passes through the condensation system and the feed water The heating system is transported to the membrane water wall by the feed water pump to complete the hydraulic circulation, save water, and reduce the convective heat exchange loss of the membrane water wall.

Further, in the utility model, the product storage tank is connected with the reactant storage tank through the exothermic reactor, and the outlet of the reactant storage tank is set at the bottom of the pipeline through the reactant gas inlet check valve, circulation fan, flow control valve and gradually widening section. pipes are connected. The CO and _H2 in the product storage tank can undergo exothermic reaction in the exothermic reactor to generate methane and carbon dioxide. The heat generated by the exothermic reaction can be used, and at the same time, the methane and carbon dioxide generated after the exothermic reaction can enter Catalytic reaction is carried out in the endothermic and reaction chamber to form the circulation of reaction gas. The utility model absorbs solar energy through an endothermic reaction and converts it into chemical energy, stores it, and releases the energy through an exothermic reaction for utilization when needed.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an endothermic reaction chamber of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line A-A in Fig. 2 .

Among them, 1-quartz glass window; 2-heat absorption and reaction chamber; 3-membrane water wall; 4-feeding pipeline; 5-cyclone separator; 6-feeding check valve; 7-feeding fan ;8-reaction gas outlet control valve; 9-separator outlet control valve; 10-reaction gas inlet check valve; 11-circulation fan; 12-flow control valve; 13-feeding valve; 14-storage bin; 15 -Injection port, 16-product storage tank, 17-intake cluster pipe, 18-exhaust cluster pipe, 19-first catalyst inlet, 20-second catalyst inlet, 21-third catalyst inlet, 22-discharge Thermal Reactor, 23 - Reactant Storage Tank.

Detailed ways

Further illustrate principle of the present utility model, concrete structure and best implementation mode below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the solar particle catalytic type chamber heat absorption and reactor of the present utility model comprises the heat absorption and reaction chamber 2 of cyclone separator 5 and two ends sealing, the two ends of heat absorption and reaction chamber 2 It is sealed to prevent gas leakage; the heat absorption and reaction chamber 2 is provided with an inlet for transmitting sunlight, and the entrance of sunlight is provided with a quartz glass window 1, and the heat absorption and reaction chamber facing the quartz glass window 1 2. A membrane-type water-cooled wall 3 is provided on the wall; the heat absorption and reaction chamber 2 includes a widening pipe, a reaction pipe and a tapered pipe which are sequentially arranged and communicated from bottom to top. The bottom of the gradually widening section of the pipeline is provided with an intake cluster pipeline 17 for introducing reaction gas. The intake cluster pipeline 17 is equivalent to setting a plurality of reaction gas inlets. The reaction gas is fed in, and the angle between the busbar of the tapered section pipeline and the inlet plane is 45°, which is used to slow down the flow rate of the reaction gas and prolong the residence time of the reactant; the reaction section pipeline is cylindrical; the busbar and outlet of the tapered section pipeline The included angle of the plane is 45°, and the top of the tapered pipe is provided with an exhaust cluster pipe 18 for discharging the generated gas. The exhaust cluster pipe 18 is provided with a reaction gas outlet control valve 8, and the outlet of the pipe is connected with the refractory brick. The inlet of the cyclone separator 5 is connected, and the reacted mixed gas (CO ₂ , CO, CH ₄ and H ₂ ) is separated and the gas enters the product storage tank through the gas outlet of the cyclone separator 5 and the separator outlet control valve 9 16, CO and _H2 are reconverted to methane and carbon dioxide by exothermic reactor 22 into reactant storage tank 23 when heat source is required.

The methane/carbon dioxide gas generated by the exothermic reaction in the exothermic reactor 22 or the methane/carbon dioxide gas in the reactant storage tank 23 passes through the reaction gas inlet check valve 10 and is pumped into the endothermic and In the reaction chamber 2, the circulation of the reaction gas is completed.

The bottom of the cyclone separator 5 is provided with a solid outlet through which the catalyst particles are discharged. The solid outlet is connected to the inlet of the storage bin 14, and the outlet of the storage bin 14 is connected to the inlet of the feeding fan 7 through the feed check valve 6. Fan 7 rotating speed is adjustable. A catalyst injection port 15 communicating with the storage bin 14 is arranged above the storage bin 14 .

Referring to Fig. 3, the membrane water cooling walls 3 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the pipes in the reaction section, and the corresponding central angle is 120 degrees. The bottom of the pipe in the reaction section is provided with three catalyst inlets along the circumference, namely the first catalyst inlet 19, the second catalyst inlet 20, and the third catalyst inlet 21, and the corresponding central angle between two adjacent catalyst inlets is 90°. °.

The outlet of the feeding fan 7 communicates with the three catalyst inlets at the bottom of the pipeline through the feed valve 13 . The number of catalyst inlets can be adjusted according to actual needs.

The reaction gas is stored in the reactant storage tank 23, and the outlet of the reactant storage tank 23 communicates with the reaction gas inlet at the bottom of the endothermic and reaction chamber 2 through the reaction gas inlet check valve 10, the circulation fan 11, and the flow control valve 12 , forming a cycle of reaction gas.

The catalyst in the utility model is a platinum ruthenium alumina carrier catalyst (the platinum ruthenium alumina carrier catalyst (Pt-Ru/γ-Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst) is prepared by an equal-volume impregnation method, and the preparation method references: Du Juan, Hong Yuxiang, Yang Xiaoxi, et al. Experimental and numerical simulation research on thermochemical energy storage of methane reforming [C], China Engineering Thermophysics Society-Heat and Mass Transfer. 2013.).

In the height direction, the membrane water cooling wall 3 is arranged from the top of the heat absorption and reaction chamber 2 to the bottom of the heat absorption and reaction chamber 2, and the bottom of the membrane water cooling wall 3, that is, the bottom of the tapered pipe, is provided with a water inlet, An outlet is provided on the top of the membrane water wall 3 . Feed water at 105°C is delivered to the membrane water wall 3 arranged inside the cavity of the heat absorber through the feed water pump, and the feed water absorbs energy in the membrane water wall 3 and is heated to become superheated steam, which is discharged from the outlet of the membrane water wall 3 Then it enters the steam turbine to do work, then passes through the condensing system and the feedwater heating system, and then is transported to the membrane water wall 3 by the feedwater pump to complete the hydraulic medium cycle.

When the solar radiation heat flux in the center of the quartz window exceeds 600kW/ ^m2 , the thermochemical reforming reaction of methane and carbon dioxide can fully occur.

In order to ensure the uniform heat flux density of the particles, the particle concentration of the platinum ruthenium alumina carrier catalyst in the endothermic and reaction chamber 2 is about 1 to 5×10 ⁸ /m ³ . Considering the separation capacity of the cyclone separator 5, the platinum ruthenium The particle size of the alumina carrier catalyst is 10-50um. In order to ensure the residence time of the reaction gas in the reactor, maintain the stability of the cycle, and properly convect heat transfer to the boiling tube, in order to improve the conversion rate of methane, it should be Try to make the concentration of CO ₂ higher than that of methane, and the molar concentration ratio of CH ₄ and CO ₂ is (0.5~1):1.

The using method of the present utility model is described in detail below:

The reactor mainly includes three circulation systems, which are reaction gas circulation, catalyst particle circulation and water working substance circulation. The start-up pressure of the reaction system (i.e. the pressure of the reaction gas) is 0.1-0.15 MPa. When starting, the circulation fan 11 first feeds argon gas as a protective gas into the heat-absorbing and reaction chamber 2 to determine the volume of the reaction gas pipeline. After the air is exhausted, the mixed gas of methane and carbon dioxide with adjustable volume ratio ( _{CH The} molar ratio of CO to (0.5～ 1): 1). After feeding a certain amount of reaction gas, open the feed check valve 6, feed valve 13 and feed fan 7, the speed of the feed fan 7 is adjustable, and gradually increase the feed rate as the flow rate of the reaction gas increases. Feed fan speed, platinum ruthenium alumina carrier catalyst with a particle size of 10-50um (platinum ruthenium alumina carrier catalyst (Pt-Ru/γ-Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst) prepared by equal volume impregnation method, preparation method reference: Du Juan , Hong Yuxiang, Yang Xiaoxi, et al. Experimental and numerical simulation research on thermochemical energy storage of methane reforming [C], China Engineering Thermophysics Society-Heat and Mass Transfer. 2013.) Enter the heat absorption and reaction chamber through 3 feed pipes 4 Catalyze the methane carbon dioxide reforming reaction in the body 2, maintain the concentration of catalyst particles at 1-5×10 ⁸ /m ³ in a steady state, and flexibly adjust the speed of the feeding fan 7 according to the intensity of sunlight and the required reaction rate to control the reaction rate . The reaction gas passes through the tapering section (the angle between the bus line of the tapering section and the inlet plane is 45°), the reaction section and the tapering section (the angle between the bus line of the tapering section and the outlet plane is 45°.) from the top of the reactor Outflow, at this time, the generated gas mixture contains catalyst particles, and then enters the cyclone separator 5 for gas-solid separation, and the separated clean gas enters the product storage tank 16 for storage, and can enter the exothermic reactor 22 (methanation) when heat energy is needed. Reactor) releases heat, generates methane/carbon dioxide gas and enters the reactant storage tank 23 for storage. The gas in the reactant storage tank 23 can pass through the reaction gas inlet check valve 10, the circulation fan 11, the flow control valve 12 and the pipeline provided at the bottom of the widening section pipeline again to enter the heat-absorbing and reaction chamber 2 for reaction to form Circulation of reactive gases. The separated solid catalyst particles enter the storage bin 14 downwards, are sucked by the feeding fan 7 again, and enter the heat-absorbing and reaction chamber 2 through the three feeding pipes 4 to complete the circulation of the catalyst.

The circulation of the hydraulic medium in the membrane water cooling wall 3 starts synchronously, and the feed water at 105°C is delivered to the membrane water cooling wall 3 arranged inside the heat absorber cavity through the feed water pump, and the feed water absorbs energy in the membrane water cooling wall 3 It is heated to become superheated steam, discharged from the outlet of the membrane water wall 3, enters the steam turbine to do work, then passes through the condensing system and the feed water heating system, and then is transported to the membrane water wall 3 by the feed water pump to complete the water circulation.

The utility model utilizes the absorption and scattering effect of particles on sunlight and wall surface radiation in the heat absorption and filling of catalyst particles in the reaction cavity, which is beneficial to leveling the heat flux density at the entrance of sunlight and plays an important role in improving the uneven distribution of heat flux density.

Regularly conduct leak tests on the reaction gas pipeline, manually collect the catalyst particles accumulated at the outlet of the reaction chamber and re-inject them into the storage bin through the catalyst injection port to realize the recycling of the catalyst. Since the exothermic reaction cannot be carried out to the end, it is necessary to periodically replenish the reactant gas into the reactant storage tank 23 .

Claims (10)

1. a kind of solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device, it is characterised in that including cyclone separator (5) and both ends The heat absorption of sealing and reaction cavity (2), absorb heat and the import for transmiting sunlight, sunlight are offered on reaction cavity (2) Entrance be provided with quartz glass forms (1), with quartz glass forms (1) in opposite heat absorption and reaction cavity (2) wall Equipped with fin panel casing (3)；Heat absorption and reaction cavity (2) include set gradually and be connected from bottom to top gradually wealthy section and manage Road, reaction segment pipe and tapered segment pipe；Gradually wealthy segment pipe bottom is provided with the pipeline for being passed through reacting gas, converging transition The pipeline for discharging generation gas, and pipe outlet and cyclone separator at the top of tapered segment pipe are provided with the top of pipeline (5) entrance is connected.

2. a kind of solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that gradually wealthy section The busbar of pipeline and the angle of plane of inlet are 45 °, and reaction segment pipe is cylindrical；The busbar and pelvic outlet plane of tapered segment pipe Angle be 45 °.

A kind of 3. solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that whirlwind point Solid outlet from device (5) bottom is connected with being opened in the catalyst inlet of conversion zone duct bottom.

A kind of 4. solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that whirlwind point Be connected from the gas vent at the top of device (5) with product storage tank (16), product storage tank (16) through exothermic reactor (22) with Reactant storage tank (23) is connected.

A kind of 5. solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that reactant Storage tank (23) outlet is by reaction gas inlet non-return valve (10), circulating fan (11), flow control valve (12) and gradually wealthy segment pipe The pipeline that bottom is set is connected.

A kind of 6. solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that whirlwind point Solid outlet from device (5) bottom is connected with storage bin (14) entrance, and storage bin (14) outlet is through being fed non-return valve (6) with turning Feed wind turbine (7) entrance that speed can be adjusted is connected.

A kind of 7. solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that storage bin (14) top is provided with the catalyst sprue (15) being connected with storage bin (14).

A kind of 8. solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that conversion zone The bottom of pipeline circumferentially offers 3 catalyst inlets, and corresponding central angle is between two neighboring catalyst inlet 90°。

A kind of 9. solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that feed wind Machine (7) outlet is connected through inlet valve (13) with being opened in the catalyst inlet of bottom 3 of reaction segment pipe.

A kind of 10. solar energy particulate catalytic formula cavity endothermic reaction device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that membrane type Water-cooling wall (3) central angle circumferentially distributed and corresponding in heat absorption and reaction cavity (2) is 120 °；Fin panel casing (3) Outlet be connected with steam turbine, steam turbine is connected with condenser system and feed heating system, and feed heating system is through water pump and film The outlet of formula water-cooling wall (3) is connected.