CN207211364U - Low tier building automatic ventilation system - Google Patents

Abstract

An automatic ventilation system for low-rise multi-storey houses, including: site foundation, ceiling, base ventilation layer, ground floor room, top floor room and attic; Set up a basic one-way air inlet at the height of 1/3~2/3; set up several one-way ventilation openings on the bottom floor between the base ventilation layer and the ground floor room; A number of one-way vents on the middle floor are provided on the floor panel; the beneficial effects of the utility model are: reasonable layout, no power and no noise. Ventilation not only removes excessive moisture and peculiar smell in the air, but also filters out dust and pollen in the air, providing pure fresh air indoors. Through this design, fresh air is subtly introduced into the building, ensuring that closed doors do not obstruct the flow of air.

Description

Automatic Ventilation System for Low-rise Buildings

technical field

The utility model relates to an automatic ventilation system for a low-storey building, which belongs to the technical fields of indoor air cleaning technology and indoor ventilation.

Background technique

The drivers of natural ventilation in house design are wind and temperature. The cold air is denser than the hot air, so the cold air is heavier and sinks into the depression; the hot air is lighter and rises upward. The airflow usually flows from the positive pressure area to the negative pressure area. If the airflow encounters obstacles on the way, it will cause the airflow to gather, thus forming a positive airflow area on the windward side. The wind pressure acting on the decoration design depends on the wind direction, wind speed and the decoration design shape of the clubhouse. The difference in temperature between indoor and outdoor will cause the difference in air density, resulting in a pressure difference. Therefore, for each opening, the effects of wind pressure and thermal pressure cannot be directly superimposed, and are often balanced by various airflow resistances. The role of natural ventilation in clubhouse decoration design is mainly to provide fresh air—to dilute the CO ₂ produced by metabolism, which is beneficial to people’s physical and mental health; Physiological cooling—through the flow of air, it can increase the evaporation of human sweat in the building Speed, between 25 and 35°C, convective cooling of the air is an important way for the human body to adjust the comfort level; night cooling of buildings - at night, replace the indoor air with low relative humidity with outdoor air with low relative humidity, so that The building is cooled to reduce the cooling load during the day.

The main forms of natural ventilation are: unilateral ventilation, draft, hot press ventilation, etc. 1) The opening of one-sided ventilation is on the same side of the room in the clubhouse, and the other side is a closed door. It is the simplest form of natural ventilation, and it is limited to the ventilation of the room. The exchange of air is through the turbulence of the wind, the external The interaction between the hole and the external airflow is done. Therefore, the driving force of one-sided partial ventilation is small and the variation is large. 2) In the decoration design of the clubhouse, the draft mainly refers to the wind formed when the air enters from the opening on one side of the room and flows out from the opening on the other side. The draft depends on whether the opening on the opposite side of the design is fully opened, the wind pressure difference between the air inlet window and the air outlet window, and the air flow resistance inside the club house. The depth of the house in the direction of ventilation should not be too large, and generally the maximum effective depth is about 5 times the floor height. At this time, the driving force is mainly wind pressure, but as long as there is an obvious height difference between the air inlet and the air outlet, heat pressure also has a more obvious effect. The ventilation effect of the large-depth clubhouse is affected by internal partitions and obstacles, which hinder the movement of airflow. The longer the clubhouse is, the higher it is, the smaller the depth is, the larger the vortex area generated on the leeward side, and the more disordered the flow field, which is beneficial to reducing wind speed and wind pressure. The designed windward side produces positive pressure, the side produces negative pressure, and the back produces eddy currents. Air flow is generated when there is a pressure difference. Designing a reasonable distance according to the dominant wind direction in the area provides feasibility for designing well-organized natural ventilation. The decoration design of the clubhouse is also very important for the use of natural ventilation. Natural ventilation flows in or out through the openings of the clubhouse. The optimal configuration of the openings of the clubhouse and the reasonable design of the size of the openings, the form and opening method of the windows, and the ratio of window to wall area directly affect the air flow and ventilation effect inside the clubhouse—— The size of the openings, the way the openings are opened, and the relative positions of the openings all affect natural ventilation. 3) Thermal pressure ventilation refers to the ventilation generated by the chimney effect. The chimney effect is that the air in the chimney is heated to a temperature higher than the outside temperature, and the original hot air is replaced with cold air from outside. The anti-chimney effect is to draw in hot air from the outside and exchange it with the cold air in the chimney, which is usually applied in the windless morning in hot areas. The taller the chimney, the greater the temperature and pressure difference between the top and bottom, and the greater the velocity of the air around the vents at the top, which increases the velocity of the air in the chimney. There are two methods for the decoration design of clubhouses using heat and pressure ventilation, the chimney and the double-layer enclosure structure. The main function of the draft chimney is for ventilation, and the size is only to meet the needs of pressure drop. Chimneys can act as light wells, solar absorbers, etc. The chimney can be a single chimney or several smaller chimneys surrounding the clubhouse. If the clubhouse is facing a busy street, the vents can be placed away from noise and pollution sources, and the chimney can be placed close to the side of the street. The solar chimney absorbs the sun's heat to enhance thermal pressure. Usually, the outer surface of the solar chimney (combined with glass components) is located on the sunny side of the clubhouse, so that it is easy to get solar radiation to generate natural convection, so that the air flows from the clubhouse into the bottom of the chimney, and is discharged from the top of the chimney, and the outside air enters the clubhouse to replace the stranded air. . In order to strengthen the chimney effect with wind pressure, the outlet of the chimney should be located in the negative pressure area, so as to avoid the generation of backflow airflow. The thermocompression ventilation method of the double-layer envelope structure is more effective for high-rise clubs. Directly opening windows for ventilation in high-rise clubs is likely to cause turbulence and is difficult to control. Two layers of glass can be used as the enclosure structure, with a certain width of ventilation channel between the glass and adjustable louvers. In winter, a solar greenhouse is formed between the double-layer glass, which increases the temperature of the inner surface of the clubhouse and is conducive to saving heating. In summer, the chimney effect is used to ventilate the ventilation channel at noon, so that the hot air between the glass is continuously discharged to achieve the purpose of cooling; in the morning, the anti-chimney effect is used to obtain comfortable air flow indoors. For the increase of heating load that may be caused by natural ventilation, the solar preheating system can be used to preheat the fresh air entering the clubhouse. If necessary, a mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery device is used in winter; for overheating in summer that may be caused by natural ventilation , the most suitable passive cooling method should be selected according to the climate zone where the clubhouse is located. In hot and dry areas, enough heat storage materials should be arranged in the clubhouse, and the clubhouse should be fully cooled at night. When the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature during the day, shut down Windows to keep the heat out. Consider adopting corresponding types of ventilators (inlets) or new windows (such as double-layer curtain walls) for situations that may cause excessive wind speed in the room, low indoor temperature in winter, and outdoor polluted air entering the room, which may be caused by natural ventilation. . At present, the types of ventilators with different control functions in the world mainly include: pressure control ventilators, humidity control ventilators, pollution control ventilators and temperature control ventilators; natural ventilation may be insufficient in windless weather, through Ceiling fans and other mechanical equipment are used as a supplement to natural ventilation; for the possibility of reducing the effect of passive cooling due to insufficient decoration design materials in the clubhouse, the area of the vents must reach a certain ratio of the floor area, and at the same time, there must be enough heat storage materials, otherwise the clubhouse cannot be used. It becomes a hot bank during the day.

The driving force of natural ventilation in clubhouse decoration design is wind and temperature. The cold air is denser than the hot air, so the cold air is heavier and sinks into the depression; the hot air is lighter and rises upward. The airflow usually flows from the positive pressure area to the negative pressure area. If the airflow encounters obstacles on the way, it will cause the airflow to gather, thus forming a positive airflow area on the windward side. The wind pressure acting on the decoration design depends on the wind direction, wind speed and the decoration design shape of the clubhouse. The difference in temperature between indoor and outdoor will cause the difference in air density, resulting in a pressure difference. Therefore, for each opening, the effects of wind pressure and thermal pressure cannot be directly superimposed, and are often balanced by various airflow resistances. The role of natural ventilation in clubhouse decoration design is mainly to provide fresh air - to dilute the CO2 produced by metabolism, which is beneficial to people's physical and mental health; physiological cooling - through the flow of air, it can increase the evaporation rate of human sweat in the building , between 25 and 35°C, convective cooling of the air is an important way for the human body to adjust the comfort level; cooling of buildings at night——at night, the air with lower relative humidity outside is used to replace the air with higher relative humidity indoors, so that the building to reduce the cooling load during the day.

A small number of citizens believe that as long as the windows are opened every day, they can be guaranteed to stay away from germs. In fact, ventilation itself cannot kill germs, but ventilation can blow harmful gases and even pathogens to the outside through the circulation of air, diluting the content of harmful gases or germs in the room, thereby indirectly achieving the purpose of air disinfection. But just opening the windows is not enough. When cleaning indoors, wet cleaning should be used to prevent dust from flying around the room; The windows are ventilated. For rooms with insufficient natural ventilation, electric fans can be added for ventilation or air cleaners can be used correctly, which is one of them.

Second, you cannot blindly rely on incense, ozone air filters, etc. Relevant experts said that these measures have no substantial effect on SARS, and smoked vinegar has no preventive effect on SARS virus. If there are many guests at home, it must be fumigated with peracetic acid after the guests leave. Many citizens also like to close the doors and windows to increase the effect of the medicine, but excessive closure will make the concentration of the medicine too high. Therefore, the doors and windows should be opened for ventilation 30 minutes after using the disinfectant.

Third, when the weather is hot, the air conditioner will be turned on. Many citizens believe that the air conditioner itself has the function of circulating air, and that it is enough to spray disinfectant regularly. But experts pointed out that this is very unfavorable for the diffusion and dilution of germs. After the air conditioner is turned on, the windows should be opened regularly for ventilation. In addition, the duration of the air conditioner should not exceed 12 consecutive hours.

Utility model content

The utility model aims at the above-mentioned problems, and provides an automatic ventilation system for low-rise buildings, which solves the problems that the gas does not circulate when the door is closed inside the building, and there is too much moisture and peculiar smell in the air.

The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is as follows:

Automatic ventilation system for low-rise buildings, including: site foundation (1), foundation outer support (2), exterior wall (3), roof panel (4), ground floor panel (5), middle floor panel (6) , ceiling (7), base ventilation layer (8), bottom room (9), top floor room (10) and attic (11); A basic one-way air inlet (12) is provided at a height of 1/3~2/3 of the base outer support (2) around the ventilation layer (8); between the base ventilation layer (8) and the bottom room (9) Several bottom floor unidirectional vents (13) are offered on the bottom floor panel (5); several middle floor floor panels (6) between the bottom floor room (9) and the top floor room (10) are provided with several middle floor single To air vent (14); On the ceiling (7) between top-floor room (10) and attic (11), offer several top-floor floor unidirectional vents (15); In bottom-floor room (9) and top-floor room (10) ) on the outer wall (3) of several rooms to provide anti-rodent and insect-proof waterproof two-way vents (16) inside and outside the room, and to provide ventilation between several rooms on the interior wall (19) of the bottom room (9) and the top floor room (10) Mouth (18), offers some roof insulation and waterproof one-way air outlets (17) on the roof panel (4).

Wherein, the one-way ventilation opening (13) of the bottom floor includes a high-strength ring-hole thick plate (13-1), a central large-hole thin plate (13-2) and a high-strength thick side wall plate (13-3), and the high-strength thick side wall The top, bottom, and middle of the plate (13-3) are all provided with high-strength ring-hole thick plates (13-1), and the high-strength ring-hole thick plates (13-1) are provided with several high-strength wall bodies (13-1-1). The small holes (13-1-2), the small holes (13-1-2) are close to the high-strength thick side wall plate (13-3), and are evenly distributed on an arc of the high-strength wall (13-1-1) ;A central large-hole thin plate (13-2) is set between the three high-strength annular hole thick plates (13-1), and the center of the thin-walled body (13-2-1) of the central large-hole thin plate (13-2) is set A large hole (13-2-2), the diameter of the large hole (13-2-2) is 3-5 times the diameter of the small hole (13-1-2).

Wherein, the high-strength and thick side wall plate (13-3) has a cylindrical structure, and the thickness of the high-strength and thick side wall plate (13-3) and the high-strength ring-hole thick plate (13-1) are both 5-10mm.

Wherein, the indoor and outdoor rodent-proof, insect-proof and waterproof two-way vents (16) include exterior wall panels (16-1), filter screens (16-2), protective covers (16-3), rodent-proof fences (16-4) , inclined ventilation and waterproof screen (16-5), mosquito protection net (16-6), textile filter material (16-7), a hole is set on the outer wall panel (16-1), and a filter screen is set on the inside of the hole (16-2), the size of the filter screen (16-2) is 10-20mm larger than the hole, and the filter screen (16-2) is close to and parallel to the outer wall panel (16-1) as a whole; Cover (16-3), horizontal anti-rat fence (16-4) is set between the bottom of the protective cover (16-3) and the outer wall panel (16-1), at the bottom of the hole and the protective cover (16 -3) A horizontal mosquito protection net (16-6) is set between, and an inclined ventilation waterproof screen (16-5) is set between the rodent-proof fence (16-4) and the mosquito protection net (16-6); filter screen (16-2), opening, protective cover (16-3) and mosquito protective net (16-6) fill in the space range that is surrounded by textile filter material (16-7).

Wherein, the protective cover (16-3) is parabolic, the apex of the protective cover (16-3) is flush with the hole, and the parabola extends outward to 100-200mm below the hole; the inclined ventilation and waterproof screen (16 -5) the inclination angle is 20°-30°, the side of the inclined ventilation and waterproof screen (16-5) close to the outer wall panel (16-1) is higher than the side close to the protective cover (16-3), and the inclined ventilation The vertical height difference between the waterproof screen (16-5) and the mosquito protection net (16-6) is 10-20mm, and the vertical height difference between the anti-rat fence (16-4) is 20-50mm.

Wherein, the roof thermal insulation and waterproof one-way air outlet (17) includes a roof load-bearing board (17-1), an inner thermal insulation board (17-2), an outer thermal insulation board (17-3), a waterproof ventilation Roof ridge (17-4), ventilation purlin (17-5), insulation board support ventilation board (17-6), insect-proof ventilation board (17-7), load-bearing board layer ventilation opening (17-8), inner layer insulation Board vent (17-9), the top of the roof load-bearing board (17-1) is respectively provided with inner layer insulation board (17-2), outer layer insulation board (17-3), roof load-bearing board (17 -1), the inner insulation board layer (17-2), and the outer layer insulation board layer (17-3) are all parallel to each other, and are inclined downward on both sides of the waterproof and ventilated roof ridge (17-4), and the roof load-bearing board layer Ventilation purlins (17-5) are arranged between (17-1) and the inner insulation board layer (17-2), and the ventilation purlins (17-5) are parallel to the waterproof and ventilation roof ridge (17-4) and evenly distributed; The insulation board layer supports the ventilation board (17-6) between the inner insulation board layer (17-2) and the outer layer insulation board layer (17-3), and the insulation board layer supports the ventilation board (17-6) and the ventilation purlin (17-5) one-to-one correspondence; the load-bearing slab vent (17-8) is set on the roof load-bearing slab (17-1), and the inner thermal insulation board vent is set on the inner thermal insulation slab (17-2) (17-9), the air vents (17-8) of the load-bearing slab and the vents (17-9) of the inner layer insulation board are distributed alternately; ) below is provided with an opening, and an insect-proof ventilating plate (17-7) is provided between the outer thermal insulation board layer (17-3) and the waterproof ventilating roof ridge (17-4).

Wherein, said ventilation purlin (17-5) comprises purlin (17-5-1) and arc vent (17-5-2), and purlin (17-5-1) bottom is provided with several arc vents (17 -5-2), the arc vents (17-5-2) are evenly distributed, and the opening direction is downward.

Wherein, the one-way ventilation openings (13) of the bottom floor are evenly distributed on the bottom floor (5), and the one-way ventilation openings (14) of the middle floor are evenly distributed on the middle floor (6). The one-way vents (15) on the top floor are evenly distributed on the ceiling (7).

Wherein, the two-way vents (16) for preventing rodents and insects and waterproofing inside and outside the room are arranged on the outer walls (3) of the bottom room (9) and the top floor room (10) near the upper and lower parts, and the vents (18) between the rooms are arranged on The room on the bottom floor (9) and the room on the top floor (10) are close to the inner wall (19) of the upper and lower parts.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model has a reasonable layout, no power and no noise. Ventilation not only removes excessive moisture and peculiar smell in the air, but also filters out dust and pollen in the air, providing pure fresh air indoors. Connect the air with the outside world through series. Through this design, fresh air is subtly introduced into the building, ensuring that closed doors do not obstruct the flow of air.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the automatic ventilation system of the utility model low multi-storey building.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the one-way vent on the bottom floor of the automatic ventilation system of the low-storey building of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the high-strength annular thick plate of the automatic ventilation system of the low-storey building of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the central large-hole thin plate of the automatic ventilation system of the low-storey building of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the two-way air vents inside and outside the room of the automatic ventilation system of the low-storey house of the present invention, which are anti-rat, insect-proof and waterproof.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the roof thermal insulation and waterproof one-way air outlet of the automatic ventilation system of the low-storey building of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the ventilation purlins of the automatic ventilation system of the low-storey building of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Site foundation; 2. Foundation outer support; 3. Outer wall; 4. Roof panel; 5. Ground floor panel; 6. Middle floor panel; 7. Ceiling; 8. Foundation ventilation layer; 9. Ground floor room; 10. Top floor room; 11. Attic; 12. Foundation one-way air inlet; 13. Bottom floor one-way ventilation hole; 14. Middle floor one-way ventilation hole; 15. Top floor one-way ventilation hole; 16. Rodent-proof, insect-proof and waterproof two-way vents inside and outside the room; 17. Roof insulation and waterproof one-way vent; 18. Vent between rooms; 19. Inner wall; 13-1. High-strength ring-hole thick plate; High-strength wall body; 13-1-2, small hole; 13-2, thin plate with large hole in the center; 13-2-1, thin-walled body; 13-2-2, large hole; 13-3, high-strength thick side wall plate ; 16-1, exterior wall panel; 16-2, filter screen; 16-3, protective cover; 16-4, anti-rodent fence; 16-5, inclined ventilation and waterproof screen; 16-6, mosquito protection net; 16- 7. Textile filter material; 17-1, roof load-bearing board; 17-2, inner insulation board; 17-3, outer insulation board; 17-4, waterproof and ventilated roof ridge; 17-5, ventilation purlin; 17-6, insulation board support ventilation board; 17-7, insect-proof ventilation board; 17-8, load-bearing board layer ventilation opening; 17-9, inner insulation board ventilation opening; 17-5-1, purlins; 17- 5-2. Arc vents.

Detailed ways

In order to further illustrate the utility model, the utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the utility model.

Example

As shown in Figure 1-7, the automatic ventilation system for low-rise buildings includes site foundation 1, foundation outer support 2, exterior wall 3, roof panel 4, ground floor panel 5, middle floor panel 6, ceiling 7, foundation Ventilation floor 8, ground floor room 9, top room 10, attic 11, foundation one-way air inlet 12, bottom floor one-way ventilation opening 13, middle floor one-way ventilation opening 14, top floor one-way ventilation opening 15, indoor and outdoor air-proof Rodent-proof, insect-proof and waterproof two-way vents 16, roof insulation and waterproof one-way vents 17, vents between rooms 18 and inner walls 19; 1/3~2/3 of the height of the base outer layer support 2 around the base ventilation layer 8 Open the basic one-way air inlet 12; set up several bottom floor one-way ventilation holes 13 on the bottom floor panel 5 between the basic ventilation layer 8 and the bottom room 9, and the bottom floor one-way ventilation holes 13 are preferentially evenly distributed; in the bottom floor room 9 On the middle floor floor panel 6 between the top floor room 10, several middle floor floor unidirectional ventilation openings 14 are provided, and the middle floor floor unidirectional ventilation openings 14 are preferentially evenly distributed; on the ceiling 7 between the top floor room 10 and the attic 11 Several top-floor one-way vents 15 are set up, and the top-floor one-way vents 15 are preferentially evenly distributed; on the outer walls 3 of the bottom room 9 and the top-floor room 10, a number of indoor and outdoor rat-proof, insect-proof and waterproof two-way vents 16 are set, and the opening position On the outer wall 3 close to the upper and lower parts of the bottom room 9 and the top floor room 10 respectively; on the interior wall 19 of the bottom floor room 9 and the top floor room 10, several rooms are provided with vents 18, and the opening positions are respectively in the bottom room 9 And on the inner wall 19 near the upper and lower parts of the top floor room 10; On the roof panel 4, several roof insulation and waterproof unidirectional air outlets 17 are offered.

Rodent-proof, insect-proof and waterproof two-way vents 16 inside and outside the room include exterior wall panels 16-1, filter screens 16-2, protective covers 16-3, rat-proof fences 16-4, inclined ventilation and waterproof screens 16-5, and mosquito protection nets 16- 6. The textile filter material 16-7 is provided with a hole on the outer wall panel 16-1, and a filter screen 16-2 is arranged inside the hole, and the filter screen 16-2 is 10-20mm larger than the hole around the filter screen 16-2 as a whole. The outer wall panels 16-1 are close to and parallel to; on the outer side of the hole, a protective cover 16-3 is arranged, the protective cover 16-3 is parabola-shaped, the apex is flush with the hole, and the parabola is outward and down to 100-200mm below the hole; A horizontal rodent-proof fence 16-4 is set between the bottom of the protective cover 16-3 and the outer wall panel 16-1, and a horizontal mosquito protection net 16-6 is set between the bottom of the hole and the protective cover 16-3, Between rat-proof fence 16-4 and mosquito protective net 16-6, inclined ventilating and waterproof screen 16-5 is set, and the inclination angle is 20 °-30 °, high near the wall side, vertical distance from mosquito protective net 16-6 Straight height difference 10-20mm, low near the protective cover 16-3 side, 20-50mm vertical height difference from the anti-rat fence 16-4; filter screen 16-2, hole, protective cover 16-3 and mosquito protection net The space enclosed by 16-6 is filled with textile filter material 16-7.

The one-way vent 13 on the bottom floor is preferably made of stainless steel or high-strength PVC board. The thick side wall plate 13-3 is preferably cylindrical, and the top, bottom and the middle plane of the two are respectively high-strength annular hole thick plate 13-1, high-strength annular hole thick plate 13-1 and high-strength thick side wall plate 13-3 The thickness is 5-10mm, and a number of small holes 13-1-2 are set on the high-strength wall body 13-1-1 of the high-strength annular hole thick plate 13-1, and the small holes are close to the high-strength thick side wall plate 13-3, and are evenly distributed On a circular arc; a central large-hole thin plate 13-2 is set between three high-strength ring-hole thick plates 13-1, and a large hole is arranged in the center of the thin-walled body 13-2-1 of the central large-hole thin plate 13-2 13-2-2, the diameter of the large hole is 3-5 times that of the small hole 13-1-2.

Roof insulation and waterproof one-way air outlet 17 includes roof load-bearing board layer 17-1, inner layer insulation board layer 17-2, outer layer insulation board layer 17-3, waterproof and ventilated roof ridge 17-4, ventilation purlin 17-5, insulation The slab supporting ventilation panel 17-6, the insect-proof ventilation panel 17-7, the load-bearing slab vent 17-8, the inner layer insulation panel vent 17-9, etc., and the upper part of the roof load-bearing slab 17-1 is respectively provided with an inner layer The insulation board layer 17-2, the outer layer insulation board layer 17-3, the roof load-bearing board layer 17-1, the inner layer insulation board layer 17-2, and the outer layer insulation board layer 17-3 are all parallel to each other. Slanting downwards, ventilation purlins 17-5 are arranged between the roof load-bearing board layer 17-1 and the inner insulation board layer 17-2, and the ventilation purlins 17-5 are parallel to the roof ridge, and are preferentially evenly distributed; the inner insulation board layer 17 -2 and the outer insulation board layer 17-3 are provided with an insulation board layer supporting ventilation board 17-6, and the insulation board layer supporting ventilation board 17-6 is in one-to-one correspondence with the ventilation purlin 17-5; the roof bearing board layer 17-1 The load-bearing board layer vent 17-8 is set on the upper layer, the inner layer insulation board vent 17-9 is set on the inner layer insulation board layer 17-2, the load-bearing board layer vent 17-8 and the inner layer insulation board vent 17-9 Interlaced distribution; the outer insulation board layer 17-3 is provided with an opening at the ridge, the waterproof and ventilated roof 17-4 is above the opening, and an insect-proof ventilation board is arranged between the outer insulation board layer 17-3 and the waterproof and ventilated roof 17-4 17-7. Ventilation purlins 17-5 include purlins 17-5-1 and arc vents 17-5-2, the lower part of purlins 17-5-1 is provided with several arc vents 17-5-2, arc vents 17-5- 2 Evenly distributed, the opening direction is downward.

The working method of this ventilation system: the air enters the basic ventilation layer 8 through the basic one-way air inlet 12 from the outside, and then enters the bottom room 9 through the bottom floor one-way ventilation hole 13; the air in the bottom room 9 and the top floor room 10 and The outdoor air is exchanged through the two-way vents 16 that are anti-rodent, insect-proof and waterproof inside and outside the room; the air between the rooms 9 on the ground floor and the air between the rooms 10 on the top floor are exchanged through the vents 18 between rooms; the air in the rooms 10 on the top floor passes through the top floor The one-way vent 15 enters in the attic 11, and then discharges through the roof insulation and waterproof one-way vent 17.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the utility model, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and Retouching should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims (9)

1. An automatic ventilation system for low-rise multi-storey houses, characterized in that it includes site foundation (1), foundation outer layer support (2), outer wall (3), roof panel (4), ground floor panel (5), middle layer Floor plate (6), ceiling (7), foundation ventilation layer (8), ground floor room (9), top floor room (10) and attic (11); The top of described site foundation (1) is provided with foundation ventilation layer ( 8), set up a basic one-way air inlet (12) at the height of 1/3~2/3 of the base outer layer support (2) around the base ventilation layer (8); 9) on the bottom floor slab (5) between several bottom slab one-way vents (13); One middle floor unidirectional vent (14); on the ceiling (7) between the top floor room (10) and the attic (11), several top floor unidirectional vents (15) are offered; in the bottom room (9) On the outer wall (3) of the top-floor room (10), several indoor and outdoor rodent-proof, insect-proof and waterproof two-way vents (16) are offered, and on the inner wall (19) of the bottom-floor room (9) and the top-floor room (10), some Air vents (18) are provided between the rooms, and several roof insulation and waterproof one-way air outlets (17) are provided on the roof panel (4). 2. The automatic ventilation system for low-rise multi-storey houses according to claim 1, characterized in that: the one-way ventilation opening (13) of the bottom floor comprises a high-strength ring hole thick plate (13-1), a central large hole thin plate (13 -2) and high-strength thick side wall plates (13-3), the top, bottom, and middle of the high-strength thick side wall plates (13-3) are equipped with high-strength ring-hole thick plates (13-1), and the high-strength ring-hole thick plates Several small holes (13-1-2) are arranged on the high-strength wall body (13-1-1) of (13-1), and the small holes (13-1-2) are close to the high-strength thick side wall plate (13-3), and evenly distributed on an arc of the high-strength wall body (13-1-1); a central large-hole thin plate (13-2) is set between three high-strength ring-hole thick plates (13-1), and the central large-hole thin plate The center of the thin-walled body (13-2-1) of (13-2) is provided with a large hole (13-2-2), and the diameter of the large hole (13-2-2) is the small hole (13-1-2) 3-5 times the diameter. 3. The automatic ventilation system for low-storey buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that: the high-strength and thick side wall panels (13-3) are cylindrical structures, and the high-strength and thick side wall panels (13-3) and The thickness of the high-strength ring hole thick plate (13-1) is 5-10mm. 4. The automatic ventilation system for low-rise multi-storey houses according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two-way air vents (16) for preventing rodents, insects, and waterproofs inside and outside the room include exterior wall panels (16-1), filter screens (16- 2), protective cover (16-3), rodent-proof fence (16-4), inclined ventilation and waterproof screen (16-5), mosquito protection net (16-6), textile filter material (16-7), described Holes are provided on the outer wallboard (16-1), and filter screens (16-2) are set on the inside of the hole. The size of the filter screens (16-2) is 10-20mm larger than the hole, and the filter screens (16-2) are integrated with the The outer wall panels (16-1) are close to and parallel; the protective cover (16-3) is set on the outside of the opening, and a level is set between the bottom of the protective cover (16-3) and the outer wall panel (16-1). Anti-rodent fence (16-4), horizontal mosquito protection net (16-6) is set between the bottom of the hole and protective cover (16-3), at the anti-rat fence (16-4) and mosquito protection net ( 16-6) is provided with an inclined ventilation and waterproof screen (16-5); filling in the space surrounded by filter screen (16-2), hole, protective cover (16-3) and mosquito protection net (16-6) Textile filter material (16-7). 5. The automatic ventilation system for low-rise buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that: the protective cover (16-3) is parabolic, the apex of the protective cover (16-3) is flush with the hole, and the parabolic direction Extending from the outside to 100-200mm below the opening; the inclination angle of the inclined ventilating and waterproof screen (16-5) is 20°-30°, and the inclined ventilating and waterproof screen (16-5) is close to the outer wall panel (16-1) One side is higher than the side close to protective cover (16-3), and the vertical height difference of inclined ventilating and waterproof screen (16-5) is 10-20mm apart from mosquito protective net (16-6), and the distance from rodent-proof fence ( 16-4) The vertical height difference is 20-50mm. 6. The automatic ventilation system for low-rise multi-storey houses according to claim 1, characterized in that: the roof thermal insulation and waterproof one-way air outlet (17) includes a roof load-bearing board layer (17-1), an inner thermal insulation board layer (17-2), outer insulation board layer (17-3), waterproof ventilation roof ridge (17-4), ventilation purlin (17-5), insulation board layer support ventilation board (17-6), insect-proof ventilation board ( 17-7), load-bearing slab vents (17-8), inner layer insulation board vents (17-9), and the upper part of the roof load-bearing slab (17-1) is respectively provided with inner layer insulation slabs (17-2 ), the outer layer of insulation board (17-3), the roof bearing board (17-1), the inner layer of insulation board (17-2), the outer layer of insulation board (17-3) are all parallel to each other, and in The waterproof and ventilated roof ridge (17-4) is inclined downward to both sides, and the ventilation purlin (17-5) is arranged between the roof load-bearing board layer (17-1) and the inner layer insulation board layer (17-2), and the ventilation purlin (17-2) -5) It is parallel to the waterproof and ventilated roof ridge (17-4), and is evenly distributed; the insulation board layer supports the ventilation board ( 17-6), the insulation board layer supports the ventilation board (17-6) and the ventilation purlin (17-5) in one-to-one correspondence; the load-bearing board layer vent (17-8) is set on the roof load-bearing board layer (17-1), Vents (17-9) of the inner insulation board are set on the inner insulation board layer (17-2), and the ventilation openings (17-8) of the load-bearing board layer and the ventilation outlets (17-9) of the inner layer insulation board are arranged alternately ; The outer layer of thermal insulation board (17-3) is provided with an opening below the waterproof and ventilated roof ridge (17-4), and an insect-proof ventilation panel ( 17-7). 7. The automatic ventilation system for low-rise buildings according to claim 6, characterized in that: the ventilation purlins (17-5) include purlins (17-5-1) and arc-shaped vents (17-5-2 ), the lower part of the purlin (17-5-1) is provided with a number of arc vents (17-5-2), the arc vents (17-5-2) are evenly distributed, and the opening direction is downward. 8. The automatic ventilation system for low-rise multi-storey houses according to claim 1, characterized in that: the one-way vents (13) on the bottom floor are evenly distributed on the bottom floor (5), and the one-way vents on the middle floor are The vents (14) are evenly distributed on the middle floor (6), and the one-way vents (15) on the top floor are evenly distributed on the ceiling (7). 9. The automatic ventilation system for low-rise multi-storey houses according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two-way ventilation openings (16) for preventing rodents, insects, and waterproofing inside and outside the room are arranged on the ground floor room (9) and the top floor room (10) close to the top and bottom On the outer wall (3) of the part, the air vent (18) is arranged on the bottom room (9) and the top floor room (10) on the inner wall (19) near the upper and lower parts between the rooms.