CN206556300U - A kind of closed air refrigeration machine - Google Patents
A kind of closed air refrigeration machine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009920 food preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种闭式空气制冷机，包括有通过管道相互连通的离心风机、膨胀功回收装置、回冷器、用冷单位，膨胀功回收装置包括有离心压缩机和透平膨胀机，离心风机出口与所述离心压缩机入口通过管道相连，离心压缩机出口与所述回冷器热端入口通过管道相连，回冷器热端出口与所述透平膨胀机入口通过管道相连，透平膨胀机出口与所述用冷单位入口通过管道相连，用冷单位出口与回冷器冷端入口通过管道相连，回冷器冷端出口与所述离心风机入口通过管道相连。本实用新型实用新型采用离心式风机和透平膨胀机代替传统空气制冷机上的活塞式压缩机和活塞式透平，选择最优的压力比，从而使得制冷系统的制冷系数最大，提高了制冷机效率，节省了电能。
The utility model discloses a closed air refrigerating machine, which comprises a centrifugal fan connected to each other through pipelines, an expansion work recovery device, a recooler, and a cooling unit. The expansion work recovery device includes a centrifugal compressor and a turbo expander. , the outlet of the centrifugal fan is connected to the inlet of the centrifugal compressor through a pipeline, the outlet of the centrifugal compressor is connected to the inlet of the hot end of the recooler through a pipeline, and the outlet of the hot end of the recooler is connected to the inlet of the turboexpander through a pipeline, The outlet of the turbo expander is connected to the inlet of the cooling unit through pipelines, the outlet of the cooling unit is connected to the inlet of the cold end of the recooler through pipelines, and the outlet of the cold end of the recooler is connected to the inlet of the centrifugal fan through pipelines. The utility model adopts a centrifugal fan and a turbo expander to replace the piston compressor and the piston turbine on the traditional air refrigerator, and selects the optimal pressure ratio, thereby maximizing the refrigeration coefficient of the refrigeration system and improving the efficiency of the refrigerator. efficiency, saving electricity.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本实用新型涉及制冷领域，主要涉及一种闭式空气制冷机，是专门以空气作为制冷介质的制冷系统，更具体的说，是涉及一种压缩机和膨胀机一体的闭式空气制冷机。The utility model relates to the field of refrigeration, and mainly relates to a closed air refrigerator, which is a refrigeration system specially using air as a refrigeration medium, and more specifically relates to a closed air refrigerator integrating a compressor and an expander.
背景技术：Background technique:
随着CFC制冷剂的被替代，HCFC制冷剂的被限制、替代以及HFC制冷剂的温室效应，低温制冷行业正在开发研究新的天然制冷剂。以空气为制冷剂的制冷机，无论从保护臭氧层或者从延缓全球气候变暖来说都是理想的制冷机。空气作为一种环保且极易得到的气体，将它作为制冷剂代替传统制冷剂具有极大的潜力。但是，空气的临界温度非常低(-140.75℃)，在空气调节和冷冻冷藏温度领域内空气制冷机没有相变，只能利用显热。但其在低温冷冻冷藏领域有一定优势，又因空气制冷机无毒、不燃、低压，ODP和GWP都为零，对环境友好，在一些特殊领域得到了广泛应用，目前主要应用于飞机空调系统、列车空调、环境实验室、石油化工加工、食物保鲜及快速冷冻等领域。With the replacement of CFC refrigerants, the limitation and replacement of HCFC refrigerants and the greenhouse effect of HFC refrigerants, the low-temperature refrigeration industry is developing and researching new natural refrigerants. A refrigerator using air as a refrigerant is an ideal refrigerator no matter in terms of protecting the ozone layer or delaying global warming. As an environmentally friendly and readily available gas, air has great potential as a refrigerant to replace traditional refrigerants. However, the critical temperature of air is very low (-140.75°C), and the air refrigerator has no phase change in the field of air conditioning and refrigeration temperature, and can only use sensible heat. However, it has certain advantages in the field of low-temperature refrigeration, and because the air refrigerator is non-toxic, non-flammable, low-pressure, ODP and GWP are both zero, it is environmentally friendly, and has been widely used in some special fields. At present, it is mainly used in aircraft air-conditioning systems. , train air conditioning, environmental laboratories, petrochemical processing, food preservation and quick freezing and other fields.
为了提高空气制冷系统中的效率，需要提供相应措施，比如回收膨胀功，设置回冷器，以提高热效率。在现有的制冷系统中，压缩机和膨胀机往往是分开的，制冷机通过膨胀机产生的膨胀功只能白白浪费，若将此部分膨胀功回收，作为压缩机的动能使用，势必增加整个系统的效率。In order to improve the efficiency in the air refrigeration system, it is necessary to provide corresponding measures, such as recovering the expansion work and setting up a recooler to improve thermal efficiency. In the existing refrigeration system, the compressor and the expander are often separated, and the expansion work generated by the refrigerator through the expander can only be wasted. If this part of the expansion work is recovered and used as the kinetic energy of the compressor, it will inevitably increase the overall system efficiency.
实用新型内容：Utility model content:
本实用新型目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种闭式空气制冷机，其采用膨胀功回收的方法和通过在系统中加入回冷器来提高整个系统的效率，从而达到节省制冷系统消耗电能，提高整个系统的效率。The purpose of this utility model is to make up for the defects of the prior art, and to provide a closed air refrigerator, which adopts the method of recovery of expansion work and adds a recooler to the system to improve the efficiency of the whole system, so as to save the refrigeration system Consumption of electricity, improve the efficiency of the entire system.
本实用新型是通过以下技术方案实现的：The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种闭式空气制冷机，其特征在于：包括有通过管道相互连通的离心风机、膨胀功回收装置、回冷器、用冷单位，所述膨胀功回收装置包括有离心压缩机和透平膨胀机，所述离心风机出口与所述离心压缩机入口通过管道相连，所述离心压缩机出口与所述回冷器热端入口通过管道相连，所述回冷器热端出口与所述透 平膨胀机入口通过管道相连，所述透平膨胀机出口与所述用冷单位入口通过管道相连，所述用冷单位出口与所述回冷器冷端入口通过管道相连，所述回冷器冷端出口与所述离心风机入口通过管道相连。A closed air refrigerator, characterized in that it includes a centrifugal fan connected to each other through pipelines, an expansion work recovery device, a recooler, and a cooling unit, and the expansion work recovery device includes a centrifugal compressor and a turbine expansion machine, the outlet of the centrifugal fan is connected to the inlet of the centrifugal compressor through a pipeline, the outlet of the centrifugal compressor is connected to the inlet of the hot end of the recooler through a pipeline, and the outlet of the hot end of the recooler is connected to the turbine The inlet of the expander is connected through a pipeline, the outlet of the turboexpander is connected with the inlet of the cooling unit through a pipeline, the outlet of the cooling unit is connected with the inlet of the cold end of the recooler through a pipeline, and the recooler is cooled The end outlet is connected with the inlet of the centrifugal fan through a pipeline.
所述的透平膨胀机的出口处连接有消音器。A silencer is connected to the outlet of the turbo expander.
所述的离心压缩机和透平膨胀机之间通过连接轴同步传动连接，通过回收膨胀功作为该离心压缩机的动能达到膨胀功回收的作用。The centrifugal compressor and the turboexpander are connected through a synchronous transmission of a connecting shaft, and the expansion work is recovered by recovering the expansion work as the kinetic energy of the centrifugal compressor.
所述的回冷器为双通道，其中冷端入口接入用冷装置回气，经换热后，冷端出口接到离心风机入口处；热端入口与膨胀功回收装置的离心压缩机出口相连，出口与膨胀功回收装置的透平膨胀机入口相连。The recooler is a double-channel, wherein the inlet of the cold end is connected to the return air of the cooling device, and after heat exchange, the outlet of the cold end is connected to the inlet of the centrifugal fan; the inlet of the hot end is connected to the outlet of the centrifugal compressor of the expansion work recovery device The outlet is connected with the inlet of the turboexpander of the expansion work recovery device.
其原理是：没有外部空气进入系统内，是一个与外界隔开的闭式结构，所示膨胀功回收装置是将透平膨胀机的制动风机改造成离心压缩机作为第二级压缩机应用在系统中，该改造后的离心压缩机与膨胀机直接通过连杆相连，该膨胀功回收装置通过回收膨胀功作为该离心压缩机的动能，从而达到膨胀功回收的作用。The principle is: no outside air enters the system, and it is a closed structure isolated from the outside world. The expansion work recovery device shown is to transform the brake fan of the turbo expander into a centrifugal compressor and use it as a second-stage compressor. In the system, the modified centrifugal compressor is directly connected to the expander through a connecting rod, and the expansion work recovery device recovers the expansion work as the kinetic energy of the centrifugal compressor, so as to achieve the function of recovery of expansion work.
本实用新型的优点是：The utility model has the advantages of:
1.本空气制冷机中，作为第二级压缩机的离心压缩机与透平膨胀机直接用连接轴相连，第二级压缩机实质就是此透平膨胀机的制动风机。当气体进入透平膨胀机对此装置做工，获得的膨胀功直接由它们之间的连杆传导到离心压缩机，将这部分膨胀功作为第二级压缩机的动能，从而达到节能的目的，提高整机效率。1. In this air refrigerator, the centrifugal compressor as the second-stage compressor is directly connected to the turbo expander with a connecting shaft, and the second-stage compressor is essentially the braking fan of the turbo expander. When the gas enters the turbo expander to work on this device, the expansion work obtained is directly transmitted to the centrifugal compressor through the connecting rod between them, and this part of the expansion work is used as the kinetic energy of the second stage compressor, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Improve overall machine efficiency.
2.由于本系统使用空气作为其制冷剂，免去了传统制冷机所必须的蒸发器。所以本制冷系统最主要的设备只有离心风机、膨胀功回收装置和回冷器。所以本系统结构简单，节省了安装本系统的初期投资，同时易于维修，并且由于省去了蒸发器，也不需要加强换热的风扇等装置，从而节省了电能。2. Since this system uses air as its refrigerant, the evaporator necessary for traditional refrigerators is eliminated. Therefore, the most important equipment of this refrigeration system is only centrifugal fan, expansion work recovery device and recooler. Therefore, the structure of the system is simple, which saves the initial investment for installing the system, and is easy to maintain, and because the evaporator is omitted, there is no need for devices such as fans to enhance heat exchange, thereby saving electric energy.
3.由于本系统的压缩比较低，作为第一级压缩机的离心风机所需要做的功较少，相对于传统制冷机较高的压缩比，节省了能量的投入。3. Due to the low compression ratio of this system, the centrifugal fan as the first-stage compressor needs to do less work, which saves energy input compared with the higher compression ratio of traditional refrigerators.
4.本系统加入了回冷器，通过将用冷单位出气与压缩机出气进行热交换，提高了压缩机入口温度，降低了透平膨胀机入口温度，从而提高了整机 的热效率。4. This system has added a recooler, through the heat exchange between the outlet air of the cooling unit and the outlet air of the compressor, the inlet temperature of the compressor is increased, and the inlet temperature of the turbo expander is reduced, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the whole machine.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.
具体实施方式：detailed description:
参见附图。See attached picture.
一种闭式空气制冷机，包括有离心风机1、膨胀功回收装置2、回冷器3、用冷单位4、消音器5，其中膨胀功回收装置2包括离心压缩机21、透平膨胀机22和它们之间相连的连接轴23、支座24，所述离心风机出口与所述离心压缩机21入口相连，所述离心压缩机21出口与所述回冷器3热端入口相连，所述回冷器3热端出口与所述透平膨胀机22入口相连，所述透平膨胀机22出口与所述用冷单位4入口相连，所述用冷单位4出口与所述回冷器3冷端入口相连，所述回冷器3冷端出口与所述离心风机1入口相连。所述离心压缩机21与透平膨胀机22通过连接轴23相连。A closed air refrigerator, including a centrifugal fan 1, an expansion work recovery device 2, a recooler 3, a cooling unit 4, and a muffler 5, wherein the expansion work recovery device 2 includes a centrifugal compressor 21, a turbo expander 22 and the connecting shaft 23 and support 24 connected between them, the outlet of the centrifugal fan is connected with the inlet of the centrifugal compressor 21, and the outlet of the centrifugal compressor 21 is connected with the inlet of the hot end of the recooler 3, so The hot end outlet of the recooler 3 is connected to the inlet of the turbo expander 22, the outlet of the turbo expander 22 is connected to the inlet of the cooling unit 4, and the outlet of the cooling unit 4 is connected to the recooler 3 are connected to the inlet of the cold end, and the outlet of the cold end of the recooler 3 is connected to the inlet of the centrifugal fan 1 . The centrifugal compressor 21 is connected with the turbo expander 22 through a connecting shaft 23 .
所述的透平膨胀机22出口和消音器5相连。The outlet of the turbo expander 22 is connected to the muffler 5 .
所述的离心压缩机21和透平膨胀机22之间的轴通过支座24固定。The shaft between the centrifugal compressor 21 and the turbo expander 22 is fixed by a support 24 .
工作时：空气先通过离心风机1进行增压，而后进入离心压缩机21再次增压，之后进入回冷器3与用冷单位的低温回气进行热交换从而降低温度，然后进入透平膨胀机22气体在膨胀机中等熵膨胀，所获得膨胀功通过连接轴23传导给离心压缩机21作为其压缩能量。通过透平膨胀机22的低温气体送入用冷单位4。低温气体在用冷单位4中吸收热量之后再次进入到制冷系统中，虽然气体在用冷单位吸收了一定热量，但总的来说还是属于温度较低的气体，之后进入回冷器3的冷端，与第二级压缩机的高温出气进行热交换，提高自身温度，然后进入离心风机1。这样就完成了一次循环。When working: the air is first pressurized by the centrifugal fan 1, then enters the centrifugal compressor 21 to be pressurized again, and then enters the recooler 3 to exchange heat with the low-temperature return air of the cooling unit to reduce the temperature, and then enters the turbo expander 22 The gas is isentropically expanded in the expander, and the obtained expansion work is transmitted to the centrifugal compressor 21 through the connecting shaft 23 as its compression energy. The low-temperature gas passing through the turbo expander 22 is fed into the cooling unit 4 . The low-temperature gas enters the refrigeration system again after absorbing heat in the cooling unit 4. Although the gas absorbs a certain amount of heat in the cooling unit, it still belongs to the gas with a lower temperature in general, and then enters the cooling unit of the recooler 3. At the end, it exchanges heat with the high-temperature outlet air of the second-stage compressor to increase its own temperature, and then enters the centrifugal fan 1. This completes a cycle.
本实用新型的制冷系统将透平膨胀机22与离心压缩机21用同一个轴相连，使得气体经过膨胀机所产生的膨胀功得以回收利用，作为离心压缩机的输入功来使用。使得此系统相比于传统系统在获得相同压力的空气条件下，所需要投入的功更少。而回冷器的作用是提高了离心风机1的入口温度，同时降低了透平膨胀机22的入口温度，使得整个系统相比较于传统制冷机有着更高的热效率，并且更加节省电能。The refrigeration system of the utility model connects the turbo expander 22 and the centrifugal compressor 21 with the same shaft, so that the expansion work generated by the gas passing through the expander can be recycled and used as the input work of the centrifugal compressor. Compared with the traditional system, the system requires less work to obtain the same pressure of air. The function of the recooler is to increase the inlet temperature of the centrifugal fan 1 and reduce the inlet temperature of the turbo expander 22, so that the whole system has higher thermal efficiency and saves more electric energy than the traditional refrigerator.
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