Utility model content
In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of low-frequency alternating electric field generation device and system, to change
Kind drawbacks described above.
What embodiment of the present utility model was realized in:
In a first aspect, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of low-frequency alternating electric field generation device, the low-frequency alternating electricity
Field generating means includes:Input control module, transformer, output control module and discharge module;The input control module
Input is used to couple with external ac power source, and the input control module is coupled with the first side winding of the transformer, institute
The one end for stating the secondary side winding of transformer is coupled with the output control module, the output control module and the electric discharge mould
Block is coupled, and the other end of the secondary side winding of the transformer is coupled with ground potential.The input control module, for obtain by
The alternating signal of external ac power source input, and species according to fresh-keeping biomass and alternating signal generation first are low
Frequency signal, first low frequency signal is exported to the first side winding of the transformer.The output control module, for obtaining
The second low frequency signal for taking the secondary side winding of the transformer to export, and according to the regulation of the species of the fresh-keeping biomass
The current value of second low frequency signal, second low frequency signal after adjustment is exported to the discharge module.The electric discharge
Module is used to generate low-frequency alternating electric field according to second low frequency signal received.
Further, the input control module includes:Rectification unit and inversion unit, the rectification unit be used for it is outer
Portion's AC power coupling, input of the rectification unit also with the inversion unit is coupled, and the inversion unit becomes with described
The first side winding coupling of depressor.The rectification unit, for the alternating signal rectification that will be inputted by the external ac power source
Afterwards, the alternating signal is exported to the inversion unit.The inversion unit, the friendship for obtaining the rectification unit output
Varying signal, and species and first low frequency signal of alternating signal generation according to fresh-keeping biomass, by described first
Low frequency signal is exported to the first side winding of the transformer, wherein, first low frequency signal includes:Sine wave, cosine wave,
Square wave, square wave, trapezoidal wave or sawtooth waveforms.
Further, the low-frequency alternating electric field generation device also includes:Protection module, the protection module respectively with institute
State the other end and the ground potential coupling of the secondary side winding of transformer.
Further, the protection module is protective resistance or protection electric capacity.
Further, voltage strength of the low-frequency alternating electric field on the discharge module electrode be 500 volts extremely
5000 volts.
Further, the discharge module is made of an electrically conducting material, and the discharge module is shaped as:Tabular, strip, post
Shape is netted.
Further, the outer surface of the discharge module is covered with insulating materials.
Further, the current strength of second low frequency signal is 0.0001 ampere to 0.15 ampere.
Second aspect, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of low-frequency alternating electric field generation system, the low-frequency alternating electricity
Field generation system includes:Controller and the low-frequency alternating electric field generation device, the controller and the low-frequency alternating electric field
Generating means is coupled.
Further, the controller is coupled by data/address bus with the low-frequency alternating electric field generation device.
The beneficial effect of the utility model embodiment is:
The alternating signal that external ac power source is inputted can be obtained by input control module, and according to fresh-keeping biomass
Species and the alternating signal obtained generate the first low frequency signal corresponding with the species of fresh-keeping biomass, then first low frequency is believed
Number output to transformer first side winding.Transformer is closed by the first side winding of itself and the electromagnetic coupled of secondary side winding
System, according to the first low frequency signal of first side winding, the second low frequency signal is exported by secondary side winding.Output control module can
The second low frequency signal of the secondary side winding output of transformer is obtained, and the second low frequency is adjusted also according to the species of fresh-keeping biomass
The current value of signal, the second low frequency signal corresponding with the species of fresh-keeping biomass after adjustment is exported to discharge module.Put
Electric module produces low-frequency alternating electric field by that according to the second low frequency signal received, just can discharge.When fresh-keeping biomass is put
When in the low-frequency alternating electric field, the low-frequency alternating electric field enables to fresh-keeping biomass to put interior hydrone and produces same frequency
Swing, and then can effectively suppress the biochemical reaction inside fresh-keeping biomass and physiological metabolism, therefore can be to the fresh-keeping life
Material plays good preservation.In addition, needing fresh-keeping biomass because the speciality of the low-frequency alternating electric field can be corresponded to again
Species, therefore, the low-frequency alternating electric field can play preferably fresh-keeping effect to the fresh-keeping biomass.
Other feature and advantage of the present utility model will illustrate in subsequent specification, also, partly from specification
Become apparent, or understood by implementing the utility model embodiment.The purpose of this utility model and other advantages can
Realize and obtain by specifically noted structure in the specification, claims and accompanying drawing write.
Embodiment
It is new below in conjunction with this practicality to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the utility model embodiment clearer
Accompanying drawing in type embodiment, the technical scheme in the utility model embodiment is clearly and completely described, it is clear that retouched
The embodiment stated is a part of embodiment of the utility model, rather than whole embodiments.Generally here described in accompanying drawing and
The component of the utility model embodiment shown can be arranged and designed with a variety of configurations.
Therefore, the detailed description of embodiment of the present utility model below to providing in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit requirement
The scope of the present utility model of protection, but it is merely representative of selected embodiment of the present utility model.Based in the utility model
Embodiment, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, all
Belong to the scope of the utility model protection.
It should be noted that:Similar label and letter represents similar terms in following accompanying drawing, therefore, once a certain Xiang Yi
It is defined in individual accompanying drawing, then it further need not be defined and explained in subsequent accompanying drawing.
In description of the present utility model, in addition it is also necessary to explanation, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term is " even
Connect ", " coupling " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected or being detachably connected, or be integrally connected;Can
To be mechanical connection or electrical connection;Can be joined directly together, can also be indirectly connected to by intermediary, Ke Yishi
The connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, with concrete condition above-mentioned term can be understood at this
Concrete meaning in utility model.
Referring to Fig. 1, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of low-frequency alternating electric field generation system 200, the low frequency is handed over
System 200, which occurs, for changed electric field includes:Controller 210 and low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100.
Controller 210 can be IC chip, and it has signal handling capacity.Wherein, controller 210 can be logical
With processor, including central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, abbreviation CPU), network processing unit (Network
Processor, abbreviation NP) etc.;Can also be digital signal processor (DSP), it is application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), ready-made programmable
Gate array (FPGA) or other PLDs, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components.It is general
Processor can be microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor etc..
Controller 210 itself can possess certain data storage capacities, by pair of low-frequency alternating electric field generation system 200
The fresh-keeping biomass of various classes is when fresh-keeping, and required service data is stored.In addition, controller 210 can set rotation
The input blocks such as button, button or touch screen.Controller 210 can pass through data/address bus and low-frequency alternating electric field system device
Coupling, for example:232 buses, 485 buses or CAN bus (Controller Area Network, Can) etc..
In the present embodiment, operating personnel according to needing the species of fresh-keeping biomass, by manipulate the knob on controller 210, button or
The operational order of the fresh-keeping biomass species of the input blocks such as touch screen input correspondence, wherein, fresh-keeping biomass may include:Food,
Agricultural product and biogenic material etc..Controller 210 can then be selected according to the operational order to should operational order operation
Data.Controller 210 generates corresponding control instruction further according to the service data, and exports tremendously low frequency alternation by data/address bus
Electric field generation device 100, to be controlled by the control instruction to the operation of low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100.
Low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 can obtain external ac power source defeated by being coupled with external ac power source
The alternating signal entered, wherein, external ac power source can be 220V AC power.The alternation that external ac power source is inputted again
Signal carries out rectification, inversion and boosting (decompression) to produce low-frequency alternating electric field.Low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 also by
Data/address bus is coupled with controller 210, receives the control instruction that controller 210 is inputted.The energy of low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100
It is enough that the electric current and frequency of alternating signal are adjusted according to the control instruction, so as to produce the low-frequency alternating of the fresh-keeping biomass species of correspondence
Electric field, and then enable to different types of fresh-keeping biomass to be reached most preferably in low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100
Fresh-keeping effect.
Referring to Fig. 2, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100, the low frequency is handed over
Changed electric field generating means 100 includes:Input control module 110, transformer T1, protection module 120, the and of output control module 130
Discharge module 140.
Input control module 110 is used to obtain the alternating signal inputted by external ac power source, and according to fresh-keeping biomass
Species and alternating signal generate the first low frequency signal, the first low frequency signal is exported to transformer T1 first side winding aa '.
In the present embodiment, operating personnel can set the input such as knob, button or touch screen single by input control module 110 itself
Member, the control instruction of the species of the fresh-keeping biomass of input correspondence, so that input control module 110 is according to the control instruction and friendship
Varying signal, generates the first low frequency signal.
Transformer T1 is used for the electromagnetic coupled relation by its first side winding aa ' and secondary side winding bb ', will input one
Secondary side winding aa ' the first low frequency signal is boosted after (decompression), by its secondary side winding bb ' outputs to output control module
130。
Protection module 120 is used for the normal work for ensureing low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 by being grounded, and to low frequency
The formation excessively stream of alternating electric field generating means 100 or overvoltage protection.Wherein, protection module 120 can be protective resistance or protection electricity
Hold.
Output control module 130 is used for the second low frequency signal of the secondary side winding bb ' outputs for obtaining transformer T1, and root
The current value of the second low frequency signal is adjusted according to the species of fresh-keeping biomass, the second low frequency signal after adjustment is exported to electric discharge
Module 140.In the present embodiment, operating personnel also can set knob, button or touch screen by output control module 130 itself
Deng input block, the control instruction of the species of the fresh-keeping biomass of input correspondence, so that input control module 110 refers to according to the control
The current value of order the second low frequency signal of regulation.
Discharge module 140 is used to generate low-frequency alternating electric field according to the second low frequency signal received.
Referring to Fig. 3, input control module 110 includes:Rectification unit 111 and inversion unit 112.
Rectification unit 111 is used for after the alternating signal rectification that will be inputted by external ac power source, and the alternation after rectification is believed
Number output is to inversion unit 112.Specifically, rectification unit 111 can be:Half-wave rectifying circuit or full-wave rectifying circuit, wherein,
Full-wave rectifying circuit can be:The bridge type rectification circuit that multiple diodes are constituted.It should be understood that rectification in rectification unit 111
Depending on the type of circuit can be according to actual performance, do not limit herein.Rectification unit 111 passes through power line and external communication
Power supply is coupled, to obtain the alternating signal of external ac power source input AC.Rectification unit 111 according to the rectification circuit of itself,
By the alternating signal rectification of the exchange is the alternating signal of direct current or filters out the pulsation alternating signal of portion waveshape.Rectification unit
111 are coupled also by power line with inversion unit 112, and the alternating signal after rectification is exported to inversion unit 112.
Inversion unit 112 is used for the alternating signal for obtaining the output of rectification unit 111, and species according to fresh-keeping biomass and
First low frequency signal of alternating signal generation, the first low frequency signal is exported to transformer T1 first side winding aa '.Specifically
, inversion unit 112 can include:Inversion bridge circuit, control logic circuit and filter circuit.Inversion bridge circuit can pass through electricity
Source line is coupled with rectification unit 111 and filter circuit respectively, and control logic circuit then couples the inversion bridge circuit by power line
Mode, to control the inversion bridge circuit, filter circuit passes through power line coupling transformer T1 first side winding aa ' again.This
Outside, the input blocks such as knob, button or touch screen can also be set on inversion unit 112.Inversion unit 112 passes through power line
Coupled with rectification unit 111, therefore the alternating signal of the input of rectification unit 111 can be obtained., should by its inversion bridge circuit
Alternating signal inversion is the first low frequency signal of exchange.In the present embodiment, operating personnel can be by manipulating on inversion unit 112
The input block such as knob, button or touch screen so that control instruction to the control for inputting the fresh-keeping biomass species of correspondence is patrolled
Collect circuit.In addition, control logic circuit can also be by Coupling Control Unit mode, to receive the control instruction of controller input.
It should be noted that depending on the mode for the control instruction that control logic circuit is obtained also can be according to actual performance, herein not
Limit.Control logic circuit just can correspond to control inversion bridge circuit according to the control instruction of acquisition.Pass through control logic electricity
Control of the road to inversion bridge circuit, the waveform that the inversion of inversion bridge circuit generates the first low frequency signal includes:Sine wave, cosine wave,
Square wave, square wave, trapezoidal wave or sawtooth waveforms etc., and the frequency of the first low frequency signal is 1HZ to 300kHZ.Inversion unit 112 is again
The first low frequency signal is filtered by its filter circuit, to filter out after the interference signal in the first low frequency signal, passes through electricity
The coupling of source line and transformer T1 first side winding aa ', then first low frequency signal is exported to transformer T1 primary side
Winding aa '.
Transformer T1 first side winding aa ' is coupled by power line with inversion unit 112, so that its first side winding
Aa ' can obtain first low frequency signal.The electromagnetic coupled that transformer T1 passes through first side winding aa ' and secondary side winding bb '
Relation, so as to the first low frequency signal will first side winding aa ' inputted, after its secondary side winding bb ' boostings (decompression)
Produce the second low frequency signal.As a kind of embodiment, the second low frequency signal is generation after secondary side winding bb ' boostings.As
Another embodiment, transformer T1 is adjustable transformer T1.Operating personnel are by adjusting transformer T1 first side winding aa '
The coupling number of turn between secondary side winding bb ', just can adjust transformer T1 no-load voltage ratio, and then can adjust the second low frequency letter
Number voltage magnitude.Wherein, the voltage range of the second low frequency signal is:500V-5000V.In the present embodiment, operating personnel also may be used
Transformer T1 no-load voltage ratio is adjusted, so that the voltage that transformer T1 produces the second low frequency signal can be adapted to the fresh-keeping biomass of needs
Species.Further, since the insulating materials that transformer T1 first side winding aa ' and secondary side winding bb ' are wrapped up, therefore transformer
10KV electrical isolation can also be kept between T1 first side winding aa ' and secondary side winding bb ', to improve low-frequency alternating electricity
The operational reliability and security of field generating means 100.Transformer T1 secondary side windings bb ' one end passes through power line and protection
Module 120 is coupled, and its secondary side winding bb ' other end is then coupled by power line with output control module 130.
The one end of protection module 120 is coupled by power line with transformer T1 secondary side windings bb ' one end, protection module
120 other end is then grounded.The ground connection of the other end of protection module 120 ensure that circuit formation closed-loop path, low to ensure
Frequency alternating electric field generating means 100 can produce low-frequency alternating electric field.Wherein, the other end ground connection of protection module 120 can be
Closed-loop path is formed by being coupled with ground terminal, and the other end of protection module 120 ground connection can also be by coupling shape with ground wire
Into closed-loop path, its earthing mode can be selected according to the environmental demand of practical application, is not specifically limited herein.This reality
Apply in example, protection module 120 can include:Protective resistance or protection electric capacity, the resistance of its resistance or the capacity of electric capacity can bases
Depending on actual performance.If excessively stream or overvoltage occur for low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100, protection module 120 can have
The power output shared and bear now low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 of effect, in order to avoid other module damages.
Output control module 130 can effectively control and adjust the output to the power output of discharge module 140.Specifically
, output control module 130 can also be coupled by power line with the transformer T1 secondary side windings bb ' other end, to obtain
Second low frequency signal of transformer T1 secondary side winding bb ' outputs.Output control module 130 can also set knob, button
Or the input block such as touch screen.In the present embodiment, operating personnel can by manipulate the knob on output control module 130,
The input block such as button or touch screen, so as to input the control instruction of the fresh-keeping biomass species of correspondence to output control module
130, in addition, output control module 130 can also receive the control instruction of controller input.It should be noted that output control
Depending on the mode for the control instruction that module 130 is obtained also can be according to actual performance, do not limit herein.Output control module
130 obtain after control instruction, and output control module 130 correspondence can adjust the second acquired low frequency according to the control instruction
The size of current of signal, and then adjust the output to the power output of discharge module 140.It is used as a kind of embodiment, output control
The electric current adjustable range of 130 pair of second low frequency signal of module is:0.0001A to 0.15A.Output control module 130 also passes through electricity
Source line is coupled with discharge module 140, and the second low frequency signal is exported to discharge module 140.
Discharge module 140 is coupled by power supply with output control module 130, to be given birth to according to the second low frequency signal received
Into low-frequency alternating electric field.Specifically, discharge module 140 can be battery lead plate.To ensure the security used, discharge module 140
Outer surface be all covered with insulating materials.Discharge module 140 is after the second low frequency signal is obtained, due to the discharge process of itself,
Therefore the low-frequency alternating electricity of alternation can be occurred according to the continual and steady induction in the environment space of work of second low frequency signal
.In addition, the shape of discharge module 140 can be:Tabular, strip, column or netted etc., what its concrete shape can be actual according to it
Depending on space enrironment, do not limit herein.Furthermore, according to actual application environment, discharge module 140 can also be it is multiple,
Each discharge module 140 is coupled by power line and output control module 130, so that multiple discharge modules 140 form parallel connection.
The parallel connection of multiple discharge modules 140 can after, can effectively improve low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 to fresh-keeping biomass
Fresh-keeping effect.In addition, in discharge module 140 and low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 earth terminal it is distant so that
In short distance, the decay of its electric field is faint, and then enables to be placed on the different fresh-keeping life in position in the low-frequency alternating electric field
Material obtains good fresh-keeping effect.Furthermore, because output control module 130 is that the current strength of the second low frequency signal is entered
Row regulation, therefore the intensity of voltage that discharge module 140 is exported on its discharge plate can be 500 volts to 5000 volts.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are referred to, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 all illustrate the practical application of low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100.Fig. 4
With the A in Fig. 5 to install the cabinet of low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100, it can be:Cold storing and fresh-keeping storehouse, refrigerator car, food
Semi-finished product warehouse, refrigerator, refrigerator or the fresh showcase in market of processing factory.B in figure is low-frequency alternating electric field generation device
100 earth terminal.C in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is the shelf C being placed in cabinet A, and the D in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is to be placed on shelf C
Fresh-keeping article.According to the difference of actual installation use environment, the electrode of discharge module 140 is one in Fig. 4, and putting in Fig. 5
The electrode of electric module 140 is multiple.In the present embodiment, if low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 is arranged on cold storing and fresh-keeping storehouse, cold
The fresh-keeping of numerous food or food semi-finished product can be realized by hiding car, the semi-finished product warehouse of food processing factory.If low-frequency alternating electric field
Generating means 100 is arranged on refrigerator, refrigerator, can make to be stored in refrigerator and the Chinese cabbage in refrigerating and fresh-keeping cupboard, romaine lettuce, green onion, garlic, perfume (or spice)
The perishable leaf vegetables such as dish, strawberry, cherry and fruit are prolonged storage period fresh keeping time by 5-7 days or longer, and it can also be protected
Demonstrate,prove color, moisture, hardness of vegetable etc. and keep good, the difference with fresh vegetables fruit is small.If low-frequency alternating electric field occurs
Device 100 is arranged on the fresh showcase in market, and it can make fresh product in showcase such as:The aquatic products such as fresh meat, fishes and shrimps are fresh
More than 2 times of retention time extension are spent, while it can also suppress the microbial reproduction of fresh product, and can suppress different in showcase
Taste is produced.
The experimental data of the low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 provided below for the present embodiment:
When strawberry uses the routine preservation means of hoard, its freshness date under normal temperature (20-25 DEG C) is usually 2 days.But will
Strawberry is positioned in the low-frequency alternating electric field of the generation of low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100, and the potential at strawberry placement location
During for 50V, strawberry can extend 5-7 days in the lower normal-temperature fresh-keeping time.If strawberry uses Conventional cryogenic (0-4 DEG C) preservation and freshness, its
Freshness date is also only 3-4 days.If but in 0-4 DEG C of low temperature environment, by strawberry place with low-frequency alternating electric field, and strawberry lay down location
Potential is in 50V low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100, the fresh keeping time of strawberry extends to 2 weeks or so.And the good fruit of strawberry
Rate is positively retained at more than 96%.
When caraway uses the routine preservation means of hoard, its about 2 days preservation by low temperature phase below 10 DEG C.If but caraway is put
It is placed in the low-frequency alternating electric field that the low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 that environment temperature is 0-10 DEG C is produced, and caraway is placed
When potential at position is 50V, the fresh keeping time of caraway extends to 7 days or so.And in low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100
In, caraway color and luster is light green in freshness date, moisture is full, nothing is rotted without yellow leaf.
Pork use the routine preservation means of hoard when, its temperature be 0-4 DEG C when freshness date be only 2-4 days.But place
In low-frequency alternating electric field of the temperature environment for 0-4 DEG C of the generation of low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100, and pork placement location
When the potential at place is 150V, the freshness date of pork is 12-15 days, and in low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100, it is fresh-keeping
The salubrious not tacky, free from extraneous odour of pork appearance, color and luster keep red white clearly demarcated original color in phase.
During using normal storage means, the Tilapia mossambica after capture is needed at 0 DEG C and preservation on the rocks, and freshness date is 48
, otherwise will be putrid and deteriorated within hour, it is impossible to edible.If but being placed on the low-frequency alternating that environment temperature is 0-4 DEG C
In the low-frequency alternating electric field that electric field generation device 100 is produced, and potential at Tilapia mossambica placement location is when being 200V, its freshness date
It is 7-10 days.And in low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100, Tilapia mossambica body surface is vivid in freshness date, free from extraneous odour, and micro-
Biological total plate count is maintained at 2.4 × 10 without large change2To 7.8 × 103Between.
In summary, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 and low-frequency alternating
Electric field generation system 200.Low-frequency alternating electric field generation device 100 includes:Input control module 110, transformer T1, output control
Module 130 and discharge module 140.The input of input control module 110 is used to couple with external ac power source, input control mould
Block 110 is coupled with transformer T1 first side winding aa ', transformer T1 secondary side winding bb ' one end and output control mould
Block 130 is coupled, and output control module 130 is coupled with discharge module 140, the transformer T1 secondary side winding bb ' other end with
Ground potential is coupled.
The alternating signal that external ac power source is inputted can be obtained by input control module 110, and according to fresh-keeping biology
The species of matter and the alternating signal obtained generate the first low frequency signal corresponding with the species of fresh-keeping biomass, then this is first low
Frequency signal output to transformer T1 first side winding aa '.Transformer T1 by the first side winding aa ' and secondary side of itself around
Group bb ' electromagnetic coupled relation is low by secondary side winding bb ' outputs second according to first side winding aa ' the first low frequency signal
Frequency signal.Output control module 130 can obtain the second low frequency signal of transformer T1 secondary side winding bb ' outputs, and
The current value of the second low frequency signal is adjusted according to the species of fresh-keeping biomass, the species after adjustment with fresh-keeping biomass is corresponding
The second low frequency signal export to discharge module 140.Discharge module 140 is by according to the second low frequency signal received, just can
Enough electric discharges produce low-frequency alternating electric field.When fresh-keeping biomass is placed in the low-frequency alternating electric field, the low-frequency alternating electric field can
So that fresh-keeping biomass puts interior hydrone and produces the swing of same frequency, and then it can effectively suppress the life inside fresh-keeping biomass
Thing is chemically reacted and physiological metabolism, therefore good preservation can be played to fresh-keeping biomass.In addition, again because the low frequency is handed over
The speciality of changed electric field, which can be corresponded to, needs the species of fresh-keeping biomass, and therefore, the low-frequency alternating electric field can be to the fresh-keeping biomass
Play preferably fresh-keeping effect.
Preferred embodiment of the present utility model is the foregoing is only, the utility model is not limited to, for this
For the technical staff in field, the utility model can have various modifications and variations.It is all it is of the present utility model spirit and principle
Within, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within protection domain of the present utility model.