CN206349508U - Antenna unit and array antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an antenna unit and an array antenna, wherein the antenna unit comprises a reflecting plate, a feed plate, a vibrator substrate, a patch vibrator, a feed column and a short-circuit column; the feed board is arranged on the reflecting board, the oscillator substrate is located above the feed board, the patch oscillator is arranged on the oscillator substrate, the feed column is arranged between the patch oscillator and the feed board, and the short-circuit column is arranged between the reflecting board and the patch oscillator. The utility model discloses antenna unit has the characteristics of low section, broadband.

Description

Antenna unit and array antenna

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of communication equipment, in particular to an antenna unit and an array antenna.

Background technique

With the development of mobile communication technology, antennas need to be able to cover more frequency bands. Usually, the antennas installed in mobile devices use directional radiation, and due to the development trend of thinner and lighter mobile devices, the height requirements for antennas are also more stringent.

Among existing antennas, antennas that can achieve wide bandwidth are high in height and are not suitable for low-profile or ultra-low-profile applications; and low-profile directional antennas have narrow bandwidths and cover fewer frequency bands.

Utility model content

The utility model provides an antenna unit and an array antenna to solve the problem of narrow bandwidth of a low profile directional antenna in the prior art.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model provides an antenna unit, which includes a reflector, a feed plate, a vibrator substrate, a chip vibrator, a feed post and a short-circuit post; On the board, the vibrator substrate is located above the feeder board, the patch vibrator is arranged on the vibrator substrate, and the feed post is arranged between the patch vibrator and the feeder board, so The short-circuit column is arranged between the reflection plate and the patch vibrator.

Wherein, the patch vibrator is provided with a circular groove at its center, and two C-shaped grooves are arranged around the circular groove.

Wherein, the radius of the circular groove is 0.0770λ～0.0780λ, the radius of the inner circle of the C-shaped groove is 0.1030λ～0.1040λ, the radius of the outer circle of the C-shaped groove is 0.1160λ～0.1170λ, the λ is the wavelength of the center frequency generated by the patch oscillator.

Wherein, the chip vibrator is rectangular, and its four sides are provided with rectangular grooves.

Wherein, the distance between the connection between the feed post and the patch vibrator and the center position of the patch vibrator is 0.1615λ˜0.1625λ, and the λ is the wavelength of the center frequency generated by the patch vibrator.

Wherein, the height of the feeding post is 0.0480λ˜0.0490λ, and the diameter is 0.0255λ˜0.0260λ.

Wherein, the distance between the connection between the short-circuit column and the patch vibrator and the center position of the patch vibrator is 0.2250λ˜0.2260λ, and the λ is the wavelength of the center frequency generated by the patch vibrator.

Wherein, the diameter of the short-circuit column is 0.0125λ˜0.0130λ.

Wherein, a support column is further provided between the feed board and the vibrator substrate.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model also provides an array antenna, which includes a plurality of above-mentioned antenna units, and the plurality of antenna units are arranged on the same plane.

The antenna unit of the utility model includes a reflector, a feed plate, a vibrator substrate, a chip vibrator, a feed column and a short circuit column; wherein, the feed plate is arranged on the reflector plate, the vibrator substrate is located above the feed plate, and the patch vibrator is arranged On the vibrator substrate, the feed post is arranged between the patch vibrator and the feed plate, and the short-circuit post is arranged between the reflector plate and the patch vibrator. The antenna unit of the utility model has the characteristics of low profile and wide frequency band.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the mapping reference coordinate system X-Y-Z of antenna unit of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit of the present invention mapped on the axis X-Z plane;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 2 mapped on the axis Y-Z plane;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a partial structure mapped on an axis X-Y plane in an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a standing wave curve diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is an S parameter curve diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 2;

FIG. 7 is a gain pattern diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 2 when the operating frequency is 1756 MHz;

FIG. 8 is a gain pattern diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 2 when the operating frequency is 1802 MHz;

FIG. 9 is a gain pattern diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 2 when the operating frequency is 1848 MHz;

FIG. 10 is a gain pattern diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 2 when the operating frequency is 1940 MHz;

FIG. 11 is a gain pattern diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 2 when the operating frequency is 2032 MHz;

FIG. 12 is a gain pattern diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 2 when the operating frequency is 2170 MHz.

detailed description

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the antenna unit and the array antenna will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

Moreover, in order to understand the structure of the antenna unit more clearly, first construct the coordinate system X-Y-Z shown in Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the mapping reference coordinate system X-Y-Z of the antenna unit of the present invention.

The antenna unit 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention is mapped to the coordinate system X-Y-Z shown in FIG. 1 , and the structural diagrams shown in FIGS. 2-4 are obtained. Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit of the present invention mapped on the axis X-Z plane, Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit of the present invention mapped on the axis Y-Z plane, Fig. 4 is a partial structure of the antenna unit of the present invention mapped on the axis X-Y plane Schematic diagram of the structure.

The antenna 100 in this embodiment includes a reflector 11 , a feeding board 12 , a vibrator substrate 131 , a patch vibrator 132 , a feeding post 14 and a shorting post 15 .

Wherein, the reflecting plate 11 is made of a metal material, which can reflect electromagnetic waves, make the electromagnetic waves radiate in corresponding directions, and generate a directional radiation main lobe.

The feeding board 12 is arranged on the reflecting plate 11, and it includes a base plate 122. Both sides of the base plate 122 are provided with copper foil. The thickness of copper foil is the same, and it is 0.035 mm in this embodiment.

The vibrator substrate 131 is located above the feeder board 12 and forms a half-wave vibrator together with the patch vibrator 132 arranged on it. The patch vibrator 132 adopts a microstrip form and is used to radiate electromagnetic waves in the core frequency band around the core resonance frequency point.

A metal feed column 14 is provided between the feed board 12 and the patch vibrator 132. The feed plate 12 connects the connector to the feed post 14, and the feed post 14 feeds the patch vibrator 132, that is, the signal is transmitted to On the patch vibrator 132. The connectors are generally conventional connectors such as SMA, BNC, TNC, and N-type, and the contact between the feed post 14 and the chip vibrator 132 is the feed point of the chip vibrator 132 .

The patch vibrator 132 is in the form of a microstrip, which is used to radiate electromagnetic waves in the center frequency band around the center frequency point. Under the excitation of the feed point, the patch vibrator 132 generates a core resonant frequency and radiates outward to the center frequency band around the center frequency point. electromagnetic waves, the center frequency point is generally related to the size of the patch vibrator 132 .

A metal short-circuit post 15 is also provided between the patch vibrator 132 and the reflector 11 to widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna unit 100 . One end of the short-circuit column 15 is electrically connected to the back copper foil 121 , and the other end is in contact with the patch vibrator 132 to realize a short circuit.

The short-circuit post 15 is located near the feed post 14. When the feed post 14 feeds the patch vibrator 132, an excitation current is generated. The excitation current forms a closed loop through the short-circuit post 15 and the back copper foil 121, thereby extending the current path and widening the impedance. bandwidth, so that the antenna unit 100 maintains a relatively low standing wave ratio within the range of 1710-2170 MHz.

Specifically, the height of the feed post 14 is 0.0480λ˜0.0490λ, preferably 0.0485λ; the diameter is 0.0255λ˜0.0260λ, preferably 0.0259λ. The position of the feed post 14 is related to the input impedance of the patch vibrator 132. In this embodiment, the distance L1 between the connection between the feed post 14 and the patch vibrator 132 and the center position of the patch vibrator 132 is 0.1615λ～0.1625λ, preferably 0.1621 lambda. It can ensure that the real part of the input impedance is flat in the entire frequency band, approaching 50Ω, that is, the impedance of a conventional connector, and its imaginary part is approaching 0, which makes the design of the matching circuit relatively simple. In this embodiment, L1 is approximately 25 mm. λ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the patch vibrator 132 .

The diameter of the short-circuit column 15 is 0.0125λ˜0.0130λ, preferably 0.0129λ. The distance L2 between the connection between the short-circuit column 15 and the patch vibrator 132 and the center of the patch vibrator 132 is 0.2250λ～0.2260λ, preferably 0.2256λ. The current path of the point, and set the short-circuit column 15 at an appropriate position.

A circular slot 1321 is provided at the center of the patch vibrator 132, and two C-shaped slots are provided around the circular slot 1321, which can also increase the impedance bandwidth and broaden the frequency band range by changing the current path.

In this embodiment, the two C-shaped grooves and the circular groove 1321 are concentrically arranged, and the two C-shaped grooves have different central angles, which are respectively marked as the first C-shaped groove 1322 and the second C-shaped groove 1323 in FIG. 4 .

The central angle of the first C-shaped groove 1322 is 270°, the central angle of the second C-shaped groove 1323 is 90°, and the width of the two C-shaped grooves is the same, and the radius R2 of the inner circle of the two is 0.1030λ～0.1040λ, preferably 0.1035 λ; the radius R3 of the outer ring is 0.1160λ˜0.1170λ, preferably 0.1164λ; λ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the patch vibrator 132 . The radius R1 of the corresponding circular groove is 0.0770λ˜0.0780λ, preferably 0.0776λ. In this embodiment, R3=18mm, R2=16mm, and R1=12mm.

After the patch vibrator 132 is provided with a circular groove 1321 and two C-shaped grooves, an inner ring band is formed, which is connected with the outer square conduction band through a connection band 1325 to form a complete microstrip vibrator. The length and width of the connecting strip 1325 are respectively 0.0125λ˜0.0135λ, 0.0190λ˜0.0200λ, preferably 0.0129λ, 0.0194λ.

The patch vibrator 132 is roughly rectangular, and rectangular grooves 1324 are further provided on its four sides, so as to increase the impedance bandwidth and widen the frequency range by changing the current path. The position and size of the rectangular groove 1324 can be set as required. In this embodiment, its length L3 and width M3 are respectively 0.0220λ˜0.0230λ, 0.0385λ˜0.0395λ, preferably 0.0226λ, 0.0388λ.

The antenna unit 100 adopts a short-circuit column 15, and is equipped with double C-shaped slots, rectangular slots and other structures to effectively widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna unit 100 and ensure a small height, which has the characteristics of orientation and low profile.

In order to make the structure of the antenna unit 100 more stable, a support column 17 made of plastic material is also provided between the feed board 12 and the vibrator substrate 131 to control the vertical distance between the feed board 12 and the vibrator substrate 132, which is Both remain at a fixed height. In addition, metal fixing screws 16 and metal studs 18 are correspondingly provided for connecting the supporting columns 17 and preventing the vibrator substrate 131 from vibrating to ensure its stability.

Arranging at least one antenna unit 100 on one plane can constitute an array antenna. Specifically, when the antenna unit 100 is installed in the radome, the small distance between the antenna unit 100 and the inner surface of the radome is ensured by screws, so as to achieve a low profile and avoid the deformation of the antenna unit 100 caused by the pressure from the outside of the radome.

The antenna unit is tested, and the test results of Fig. 5-12 can be obtained, wherein Fig. 5 is a standing wave curve diagram of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a S of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 2 Parameter graph; FIG. 7 is a gain pattern of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 2 when the working frequency is 1756MHz; FIG. 8 is a gain pattern of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 2 when the working frequency is 1802MHz; Fig. 9 is the gain pattern of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 2 when the operating frequency is 1848MHz; Fig. 10 is the gain pattern of the embodiment of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 2 when the operating frequency is 1940MHz; Fig. 11 is a diagram The gain pattern of an embodiment of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 2 when the working frequency is 2032 MHz; FIG. 12 is the gain pattern of the embodiment of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 2 when the working frequency is 2170 MHz. In Fig. 7-12, the solid line represents the Phi=90° cut plane, and the dashed line represents the Phi=0° cut plane.

The above is only the embodiment of the utility model, and does not limit the patent scope of the utility model. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the utility model specification and accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other Related technical fields are all included in the patent protection scope of the present utility model in the same way.

Claims (10)

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that the antenna unit comprises: a reflector, a feed plate, a vibrator substrate, a patch vibrator, a feed post and a short circuit post; Wherein, the feeder board is arranged on the reflector board, the vibrator substrate is located above the feeder board, the chip vibrator is arranged on the vibrator substrate, and the feeder column is arranged on the sticker Between the chip vibrator and the feed board, the short-circuit column is arranged between the reflector plate and the patch vibrator. 2 . The antenna unit according to claim 1 , wherein a circular groove is arranged at the center of the patch vibrator, and two C-shaped grooves are arranged around the circular groove. 3 . 3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, the radius of the circular groove is 0.0770λ～0.0780λ, the radius of the inner ring of the C-shaped groove is 0.1030λ～0.1040λ, and the radius of the C-shaped The radius of the outer ring of the slot is 0.1160λ˜0.1170λ, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency generated by the patch vibrator. 4 . The antenna unit according to claim 2 , wherein the patch vibrator is rectangular, and rectangular grooves are arranged on four sides thereof. 5. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the connection between the feed post and the patch vibrator and the center of the patch vibrator is 0.1615λ˜0.1625λ, and the λ is The wavelength of the center frequency generated by the patch vibrator. 6. The antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, the height of the feeding post is 0.0480λ˜0.0490λ, and the diameter is 0.0255λ˜0.0260λ. 7. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the connection between the short-circuit column and the patch vibrator and the center of the patch vibrator is 0.2250λ˜0.2260λ, and the λ is the The wavelength of the center frequency generated by the patch vibrator. 8 . The antenna unit according to claim 7 , wherein the diameter of the short-circuit column is 0.0125λ˜0.0130λ. 9 . The antenna unit according to claim 1 , wherein a support column is further provided between the feeding board and the vibrator substrate. 10 . 10. An array antenna, characterized in that the array antenna comprises at least one antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-9, and the at least one antenna unit is arranged on the same plane.