CN206237148U - Single-phase photovoltaic inverter system using lithium-ion supercapacitors to improve power quality - Google Patents
Single-phase photovoltaic inverter system using lithium-ion supercapacitors to improve power quality Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种利用锂离子超级电容器（LiC）改善电能质量的单相光伏逆变器系统，包括光伏阵列、储能系统、全桥逆变电路、控制电路、检测电路和非线性负载，储能系统由LiC和双向DC/DC变流器并联组成；其中，光伏阵列的输出端连接储能系统，储能系统并联于全桥逆变电路的直流侧，非线性负载并联于全桥逆变电路的交流侧；检测电路连接非线性负载，用来检测非线性负载的无功电流和谐波电流；检测电路的输出端连接控制电路的输入端，控制电路的输出端连接全桥逆变电路。本实用新型输出稳定，可避免输出电压大幅度波动导致的一系列后果，从而改善电能质量控制效果和有功电流调节效果。
The utility model discloses a single-phase photovoltaic inverter system which uses a lithium-ion supercapacitor (LiC) to improve power quality, including a photovoltaic array, an energy storage system, a full-bridge inverter circuit, a control circuit, a detection circuit and a nonlinear load , the energy storage system is composed of LiC and bidirectional DC/DC converters connected in parallel; among them, the output end of the photovoltaic array is connected to the energy storage system, the energy storage system is connected in parallel to the DC side of the full-bridge inverter circuit, and the nonlinear load is connected in parallel to the full-bridge The AC side of the inverter circuit; the detection circuit is connected to the nonlinear load to detect the reactive current and harmonic current of the nonlinear load; the output terminal of the detection circuit is connected to the input terminal of the control circuit, and the output terminal of the control circuit is connected to the full bridge inverter Change the circuit. The utility model has stable output and can avoid a series of consequences caused by large fluctuations in the output voltage, thereby improving the control effect of electric energy quality and the regulation effect of active current.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及光伏并网发电及控制技术领域，特别涉及一种以锂离子超级电容器（LiC）改善电能质量的单相光伏逆变器系统。The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation and control, in particular to a single-phase photovoltaic inverter system using a lithium-ion supercapacitor (LiC) to improve power quality.
背景技术Background technique
根据国内外客户反馈条件及市场趋势，光伏并网系统中的逆变器选型安装越来越倾向于小型化、智能化和模块化，因此单相光伏并网逆变器应用愈加广泛，以满足小型家用单相光伏发电的要求。According to customer feedback conditions and market trends at home and abroad, the selection and installation of inverters in photovoltaic grid-connected systems are increasingly inclined to miniaturization, intelligence and modularization, so single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverters are more widely used. Meet the requirements of small household single-phase photovoltaic power generation.
光伏发电易受环境因素影响，不连续性和随机性太大，容易造成发电系统的电压波动，功率波动；另外，光伏发电系统还与大电网连接和单独运行稳定性的问题联系紧密。同时改善电能质量对于电网的安全、经济运行，保障工业产品质量和科学实验的正常进行以及降低能耗等均有重要意义，电能质量直接关系到国家经济的总体效益。Photovoltaic power generation is easily affected by environmental factors, and its discontinuity and randomness are too large, which may easily cause voltage fluctuations and power fluctuations in the power generation system; in addition, photovoltaic power generation systems are also closely related to the problems of large grid connection and individual operation stability. At the same time, improving power quality is of great significance for the safe and economical operation of the power grid, ensuring the quality of industrial products and the normal progress of scientific experiments, and reducing energy consumption. Power quality is directly related to the overall benefits of the national economy.
与不带储能装置的单相并网发电系统相比，带有储能装置的单相并网发电系统可根据需求通过并、离网切换功能实现电能的任意调度，常用作备用电源，用于电网掉电时紧急供电。Compared with the single-phase grid-connected power generation system without energy storage device, the single-phase grid-connected power generation system with energy storage device can realize the arbitrary scheduling of electric energy through the function of on-grid and off-grid switching according to the demand, and is often used as a backup power source. Emergency power supply when the power grid fails.
现阶段，储能装置一般包括超导储能系统、蓄电池储能系统、飞轮储能系统和超级电容器储能系统等。从改善电能质量的角度来看，储能装置在补偿有功的同时，还可以提供无功补偿，应用越来越广泛。At this stage, energy storage devices generally include superconducting energy storage systems, battery energy storage systems, flywheel energy storage systems, and supercapacitor energy storage systems. From the perspective of improving power quality, energy storage devices can also provide reactive power compensation while compensating active power, and are more and more widely used.
锂离子超级电容器（LiC）在同一电解池中实现了超级电容器和锂离子电池技术的结合，在保持高比功率、长寿命和快速充电特性的前提下，大幅度提高了能量密度。锂离子超级电容器具有超级电容的长寿命、高功率和安全性，同时还具有比超级电容器更高的电压、大容量和能量密度。因此，本发明提出将LiC应用于单相光伏逆变器。Lithium-ion supercapacitor (LiC) realizes the combination of supercapacitor and lithium-ion battery technology in the same electrolytic cell, and greatly improves the energy density while maintaining high specific power, long life and fast charging characteristics. Lithium-ion supercapacitors have the long life, high power and safety of supercapacitors, and also have higher voltage, large capacity and energy density than supercapacitors. Therefore, the present invention proposes to apply LiC to single-phase photovoltaic inverters.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是提供一种以锂离子超级电容器改善电能质量的单相光伏逆变器系统，该单相光伏逆变器系统输出稳定，可避免输出电压大幅度波动导致的一系列后果，从而改善电能质量控制效果和有功电流调节效果。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a single-phase photovoltaic inverter system that uses lithium-ion supercapacitors to improve power quality. The single-phase photovoltaic inverter system has stable output and can avoid a series of consequences caused by large fluctuations in output voltage. Thereby improving the power quality control effect and active current regulation effect.
本实用新型的技术方案如下：The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
以锂离子超级电容器改善电能质量的单相光伏逆变器系统，包括：A single-phase photovoltaic inverter system that uses lithium-ion supercapacitors to improve power quality, including:
光伏阵列、储能系统、全桥逆变电路、控制电路、检测电路和非线性负载，储能系统由锂离子超级电容器和双向DC/DC变流器并联组成；其中，光伏阵列的输出端连接储能系统，储能系统并联于全桥逆变电路的直流侧，非线性负载并联于全桥逆变电路的交流侧；检测电路连接非线性负载，用来检测非线性负载的无功电流和谐波电流；检测电路的输出端连接控制电路的输入端，控制电路的输出端连接全桥逆变电路。Photovoltaic array, energy storage system, full-bridge inverter circuit, control circuit, detection circuit and nonlinear load. The energy storage system is composed of lithium-ion supercapacitors and bidirectional DC/DC converters connected in parallel; where the output of the photovoltaic array is connected to Energy storage system, the energy storage system is connected in parallel to the DC side of the full-bridge inverter circuit, and the nonlinear load is connected in parallel to the AC side of the full-bridge inverter circuit; the detection circuit is connected to the nonlinear load to detect the reactive current and Harmonic current; the output end of the detection circuit is connected to the input end of the control circuit, and the output end of the control circuit is connected to the full-bridge inverter circuit.
进一步的，双向DC/DC变流器通过电容C与锂离子超级电容器连接，电容C用来稳定锂离子超级电容器的输出电压；其中，双向DC/DC变流器包括第一开关管 G1、第二开关管G2和电感L，电容C与锂离子电容器并联，电容C、电感L、第二开关管G2依次相连，第二开关管G2与电感L相连的一端还连接第一开关管G1。Further, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is connected to the lithium-ion supercapacitor through a capacitor C, and the capacitor C is used to stabilize the output voltage of the lithium-ion supercapacitor; wherein, the bidirectional DC/DC converter includes a first switching tube G1, a second The second switching tube G2 and the inductor L, the capacitor C and the lithium ion capacitor are connected in parallel, the capacitor C, the inductor L, and the second switching tube G2 are connected in sequence, and the end of the second switching tube G2 connected to the inductor L is also connected to the first switching tube G1.
进一步的，检测电路包括无功电流检测电路和谐波电流检测电路，检测电路可采用DSP芯片实现。Further, the detection circuit includes a reactive current detection circuit and a harmonic current detection circuit, and the detection circuit can be realized by using a DSP chip.
进一步的，控制电路采用DSP芯片。Further, the control circuit adopts a DSP chip.
本实用新型中，光伏阵列由光伏电池并联组成，用来将太阳能转换为电能并输出。储能系统并联于全桥逆变电路的直流侧，用来根据需要存储和释放能量，使光伏阵列运行于最大功率跟踪状态，减少送入电网的功率波动。光伏阵列和储能系统连接直流母线，直流母线输入的直流电经全桥逆变电路转换为交流电。非线性负载经全桥逆变电路连接直流母线，公共电网接入到非线性负载和全桥逆变电路之间。检测电路与非线性负载连接，用来检测非线性负载的无功电流和谐波电流，检测结果送入控制电路。控制电路根据检测结果控制全桥逆变电路的输出，使全桥逆变电路输出电流与公共电网电流同频同相，从而实现并网。In the utility model, the photovoltaic array is composed of photovoltaic cells connected in parallel, and is used for converting solar energy into electric energy and outputting it. The energy storage system is connected in parallel to the DC side of the full-bridge inverter circuit, which is used to store and release energy as needed, so that the photovoltaic array operates in the state of maximum power tracking and reduces power fluctuations sent to the grid. The photovoltaic array and the energy storage system are connected to the DC bus, and the DC input from the DC bus is converted into AC by the full-bridge inverter circuit. The nonlinear load is connected to the DC bus through the full-bridge inverter circuit, and the public power grid is connected between the nonlinear load and the full-bridge inverter circuit. The detection circuit is connected with the nonlinear load to detect the reactive current and harmonic current of the nonlinear load, and the detection result is sent to the control circuit. The control circuit controls the output of the full-bridge inverter circuit according to the detection results, so that the output current of the full-bridge inverter circuit and the current of the public grid have the same frequency and phase, thereby realizing grid connection.
储能系统由一个LiC和双向DC/DC变流器组成。锂离子超级电容器是一种非对称性电容器，其活性炭电极为正极，Li掺杂的碳电极作为负极，可在同一电解池实现超级电容器和锂离子电池技术的结合。正极通过活性物质的表层嵌入脱出锂离子来储能，即所谓的赝电容；负极通过掺杂Li的多孔活性炭依靠双电层来实现储能，即所谓的双电层电容。相对于活性炭组成的对称性电容器，非对称性电容器的能量密度得以显著提高。The energy storage system consists of a LiC and a bidirectional DC/DC converter. Lithium-ion supercapacitor is an asymmetric capacitor with an activated carbon electrode as the positive electrode and a Li-doped carbon electrode as the negative electrode. It can realize the combination of supercapacitor and lithium-ion battery technology in the same electrolytic cell. The positive electrode stores energy through the intercalation and extraction of lithium ions on the surface of the active material, which is the so-called pseudocapacitor; the negative electrode uses Li-doped porous activated carbon to store energy by relying on the electric double layer, which is the so-called electric double layer capacitor. Compared with the symmetric capacitor composed of activated carbon, the energy density of the asymmetric capacitor can be significantly improved.
本实用新型中，LiC通过双向DC/DC变流器接入全桥逆变电路的直流侧，即输入端。当光伏阵列输出功率较大时，LiC可作为储能设备，储存部分光伏阵列的输出电能；当光伏阵列输出功率较小时，LiC可为光伏阵列提供能力补充，以保证电能质量。In the utility model, the LiC is connected to the DC side of the full-bridge inverter circuit, that is, the input terminal, through a bidirectional DC/DC converter. When the output power of the photovoltaic array is large, LiC can be used as an energy storage device to store part of the output power of the photovoltaic array; when the output power of the photovoltaic array is small, LiC can provide capacity supplement for the photovoltaic array to ensure power quality.
和现有技术相比，本实用新型具有如下优点和有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
输出稳定，可避免输出电压大幅度波动导致的一系列后果，从而改善电能质量控制效果和有功电流调节效果。The output is stable, which can avoid a series of consequences caused by large fluctuations in the output voltage, thereby improving the effect of power quality control and active current regulation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型单相光伏逆变器系统的具体控制框图；Fig. 1 is the specific control block diagram of the utility model single-phase photovoltaic inverter system;
图2是本实用新型储能系统的具体电路拓扑图。Fig. 2 is a specific circuit topology diagram of the energy storage system of the present invention.
图中，1-光伏阵列，2-储能系统，3-全桥逆变电路，4-控制电路，5-检测电路，6-非线性负载，7-锂离子超级电容器，8-双向DC/DC变流器。In the figure, 1-photovoltaic array, 2-energy storage system, 3-full bridge inverter circuit, 4-control circuit, 5-detection circuit, 6-non-linear load, 7-lithium ion supercapacitor, 8-bidirectional DC/ DC converter.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将参考附图来详细说明本发明。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
参见图1，本实用新型在全桥逆变电路3直流侧并联一储能系统2，储能系统2由锂离子超级电容器7和双向DC/DC变流器8并联构成。双向DC/DC变流器8根据光伏阵列1的输出功率和电网反馈信息，控制锂离子超级电容器7的能量流动。Referring to Fig. 1, the utility model connects an energy storage system 2 in parallel on the DC side of the full-bridge inverter circuit 3, and the energy storage system 2 is composed of a lithium-ion supercapacitor 7 and a bidirectional DC/DC converter 8 in parallel. The bidirectional DC/DC converter 8 controls the energy flow of the lithium-ion supercapacitor 7 according to the output power of the photovoltaic array 1 and the grid feedback information.
光伏阵列1的输出功率是波动的，且变化率较大，大致可分为相对高频和相对低频的两部分功率波动。锂离子超级电容器7随相对高频的功率波动充电或放电，通过削峰、填谷实现并网功率的平抑、减小其变化率。电网故障时，断开电网，光伏阵列1的输出功率即可存储到储能系统2，这样光伏阵列1仍能继续发电，从而提高系统发电效率，同时起到稳定直流母线电压的作用，防止电压过高而损坏设备。在光照强度不够，比如阴天、夜晚等或电网断电时，储能系统2用作不间断电源进行供电，可作为有源功率调节器用来提高电网终端的电能质量。另外，锂离子超级电容器7可为光伏阵列1提供能量补充，减少光伏阵列1因光照强度变化对系统运行的影响，提高系统的工作可靠性。The output power of the photovoltaic array 1 is fluctuating, and the rate of change is relatively large, which can be roughly divided into two parts: relatively high-frequency and relatively low-frequency power fluctuations. The lithium-ion supercapacitor 7 is charged or discharged with relatively high-frequency power fluctuations, and the grid-connected power is stabilized and its rate of change is reduced by peak-shaving and valley-filling. When the power grid fails, disconnect the power grid, and the output power of the photovoltaic array 1 can be stored in the energy storage system 2, so that the photovoltaic array 1 can still continue to generate electricity, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the system, and at the same time stabilizing the DC bus voltage to prevent voltage Excessively high and damage the equipment. When the light intensity is insufficient, such as cloudy days, nights, etc. or when the power grid is cut off, the energy storage system 2 is used as an uninterruptible power supply for power supply, and can be used as an active power conditioner to improve the power quality of the grid terminal. In addition, the lithium-ion supercapacitor 7 can provide energy supplement for the photovoltaic array 1, reduce the influence of the photovoltaic array 1 on the system operation due to the change of light intensity, and improve the working reliability of the system.
本实施例中，全桥逆变电路3由4个桥臂构成，各桥臂由一IGBT和一反并联二极管组成，成对的两个桥臂同时导通，两对桥臂交替各导通180度。全桥逆变电路3采用双极性正弦脉宽调制（spwm）。In this embodiment, the full-bridge inverter circuit 3 is composed of 4 bridge arms, and each bridge arm is composed of an IGBT and an anti-parallel diode. The paired two bridge arms are simultaneously conducted, and the two pairs of bridge arms are conducted alternately. 180 degree. The full-bridge inverter circuit 3 adopts bipolar sinusoidal pulse width modulation (spwm).
参见图2，储能系统2中的双向DC/DC变流器8采用半桥结构，其中第一开关管 G1和第二开关管 G2互补工作。双向DC/DC变流器8的输入电压由锂离子超级电容器7的储存电能提供，通过电感L、第一开关管 G1和第二开关管 G2，达到双向直流升压与降压的目的。第一开关管 G1和第二开关管 G2均由一个IGBT和一个反并联二极管组成。当光伏阵列1输出功率大于给定的并网功率时，储能装置2充电，此时双向DC/DC变流器8工作在 Buck 电路模式。当光伏阵列1输出功率小于给定的并网功率时，储能装置2放电，此时双向DC/DC变流器8工作在 Boost 电路模式。Referring to Fig. 2, the bidirectional DC/DC converter 8 in the energy storage system 2 adopts a half-bridge structure, in which the first switch G1 and the second switch G2 work complementary. The input voltage of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 8 is provided by the stored electric energy of the lithium-ion supercapacitor 7, through the inductor L, the first switching tube G1 and the second switching tube G2, to achieve the purpose of bidirectional DC boosting and stepping down. Both the first switching tube G1 and the second switching tube G2 are composed of an IGBT and an anti-parallel diode. When the output power of the photovoltaic array 1 is greater than the given grid-connected power, the energy storage device 2 is charged, and the bidirectional DC/DC converter 8 works in the Buck circuit mode at this time. When the output power of the photovoltaic array 1 is less than the given grid-connected power, the energy storage device 2 is discharged, and the bidirectional DC/DC converter 8 works in the Boost circuit mode at this time.
储能系统2并网时主要由全桥逆变电路3实现并网控制，控制目标主要使全桥逆变电路3输出的交流电流与电网电压同频同相，同时尽量让输出并网电流总谐波畸率小，实现对有功、无功、谐波的复合控制，保证输出电能质量，降低对电网的干扰。When the energy storage system 2 is connected to the grid, the grid-connected control is mainly realized by the full-bridge inverter circuit 3. The control target is mainly to make the AC current output by the full-bridge inverter circuit 3 have the same frequency and phase as the grid voltage, and at the same time make the output grid-connected current total harmonic The wave distortion rate is small, and the composite control of active power, reactive power and harmonics can be realized to ensure the quality of output power and reduce the interference to the power grid.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107482769A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-12-15 | 国网山东省电力公司潍坊供电公司 | An integrated power quality control system |
| CN111264029A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2020-06-09 | 太阳能公司 | Photovoltaic module with distributed power conversion circuit |
| CN113472009A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-10-01 | 北京机械设备研究所 | Multi-working-condition parallel light storage integrated machine system and configuration method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107482769A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-12-15 | 国网山东省电力公司潍坊供电公司 | An integrated power quality control system |
| CN111264029A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2020-06-09 | 太阳能公司 | Photovoltaic module with distributed power conversion circuit |
| CN111264029B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2024-06-25 | 太阳能公司 | Photovoltaic module with distributed power conversion circuit |
| CN113472009A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-10-01 | 北京机械设备研究所 | Multi-working-condition parallel light storage integrated machine system and configuration method thereof |
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