CN206118910U - Smart volume spraying system of giving medicine to poor free of charge - Google Patents
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010070863 Toxicity to various agents Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
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- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(一)技术领域(1) Technical field
本实用新型涉及一种精量喷雾施药系统；是一种可用于自走式、牵引式和悬挂式喷杆喷雾机的精量喷雾施药系统，属于植保技术领域。The utility model relates to a precision spray application system, which is a precision spray application system that can be used for self-propelled, traction and suspension boom sprayers, and belongs to the technical field of plant protection.
(二)背景技术(2) Background technology
化学防治作为作物病虫草害防治的主要方式，其目的是将化学药剂准确的喷洒到作物病灶上来清除病菌、杀死害虫和杂草。传统的施药方式是通过人工施药，存在作业效率低、对施药人员危害大等缺陷；随着施药技术的不断发展，传统施药方式正逐步被机械施药方式所取代，各种类型的喷雾施药机械被不断被研发出来。喷杆喷雾机作为作物病虫草害防治机械的典型代表，因其具有较高的作业效率和较低的劳动强度，应用范围越来越广，机型也越来越多。Chemical control is the main way to control crop diseases, insect pests and weeds. Its purpose is to accurately spray chemical agents on crop lesions to remove germs, kill pests and weeds. The traditional way of spraying pesticides is through manual spraying, which has defects such as low operating efficiency and great harm to sprayers; with the continuous development of spraying technology, traditional spraying methods are gradually being replaced by mechanical spraying methods, various Types of spray application machines are constantly being developed. As a typical representative of crop pest and weed control machinery, the boom sprayer has a wider range of applications and more and more models because of its high operating efficiency and low labor intensity.
然而，由于缺乏有效的喷雾施药系统，使喷杆喷雾机在作业过程中出现混药均匀性差、施药效果不佳、药液浪费严重和清洗困难等问题，严重影响了喷杆喷雾机的作业效果。因此，研发一种高效、可靠的精量喷雾施药系统对我国喷雾施药技术发展有十分重要的意义和价值。However, due to the lack of an effective spray application system, the boom sprayer has problems such as poor mixing uniformity, poor spraying effect, serious waste of liquid medicine, and difficult cleaning during the operation process, which seriously affects the performance of the boom sprayer. homework effect. Therefore, it is of great significance and value to develop an efficient and reliable precision spray application system for the development of spray application technology in my country.
(三)发明内容(3) Contents of the invention
为解决传统喷雾施药方式存在的缺陷，提高喷杆喷雾机喷雾施药的准确性和高效性，本实用新型提供了一种精量喷雾施药系统。In order to solve the defects existing in the traditional spray application method and improve the accuracy and high efficiency of the spray application of the boom sprayer, the utility model provides a precision spray application system.
一种精量喷雾施药系统，包括自动混药装置、喷雾施药装置、控制装置和清洗装置；A precision spray application system, comprising an automatic drug mixing device, a spray application device, a control device and a cleaning device;
所述自动混药装置包括药箱一、药箱二、隔膜泵、过滤器、单向阀和三向旋塞阀；其中，水源通过三向旋塞阀分别连接药箱一、药箱二和清洗装置；药箱一用于盛放药原液，药箱二用于盛放和水混好的药液；药箱一与药箱二连通的管路上设有同轴阀，同轴阀用来控制药箱一中药原液的添加。药箱二通过过滤器连接隔膜泵，隔膜泵用于抽水进入药箱二或将药箱二中混好的药液压入喷雾装置；药箱一和药箱二连接处与清洗水箱之间安装单向阀，水只能通过单向阀流入药箱一和药箱二，而药液不能倒流进入清洗水箱。The automatic medicine mixing device includes a medicine box one, a medicine box two, a diaphragm pump, a filter, a one-way valve and a three-way cock valve; wherein, the water source is respectively connected to the medicine box one, the medicine box two and the cleaning device through the three-way cock valve The first medicine box is used to hold the original medicine solution, and the second medicine box is used to hold the medicine mixed with water; the pipeline connected between the first medicine box and the second medicine box is provided with a coaxial valve, and the coaxial valve is used to control the medicine. Box 1 Addition of traditional Chinese medicine stock solution. The medicine box 2 is connected to the diaphragm pump through the filter, and the diaphragm pump is used to pump water into the medicine box 2 or to inject the medicine mixed in the medicine box 2 into the spray device; a single unit is installed between the connection of the medicine box 1 and the medicine box 2 and the cleaning water tank One-way valve, water can only flow into medicine box one and medicine box two through one-way valve, and medicinal liquid can not flow back into cleaning water tank.
所述喷雾施药装置包括压力表、安全阀、喷杆和喷头；其中，药箱二与分流器连通；喷头固定在喷杆上；分流器与喷头通过管路连通；其中，压力表用来监测管路中液体的压力，安全阀通过一个回水管路连接药箱二，起到限压保护作用，当管路压力超过安全阀设定压力时，管路中的部分药液通过回水管路流回药箱二，以免管路由于压力过大发生爆裂。The spray application device includes a pressure gauge, a safety valve, a spray bar and a spray head; wherein, the medicine box two is communicated with the flow divider; the spray head is fixed on the spray bar; the flow divider and the spray head are communicated through pipelines; wherein the pressure gauge is used for The pressure of the liquid in the pipeline is monitored, and the safety valve is connected to the medicine tank 2 through a return water pipeline, which acts as a pressure limiting protection. When the pipeline pressure exceeds the set pressure of the safety valve, part of the liquid medicine in the pipeline passes through the return water pipeline Flow back to the second medicine tank to prevent the pipeline from bursting due to excessive pressure.
所述控制装置包括控制器、液晶显示屏、比例流量阀、电磁阀组、流量计、速度传感器、液位传感器和压力传感器；分流器与喷头之间的管路上依次设有压力表、安全阀、流量计、比例流量阀、电磁阀组和压力传感器；其中，液晶显示屏、比例流量阀、电磁阀组、流量计、速度传感器、液位传感器和压力传感器分别与控制器电连接；控制器根据采集到的管路压力、药液流量、药箱二中的液位信息和喷雾机行驶速度等参数信息，控制比例流量阀和电磁阀组进行精量喷雾；比例流量阀、电磁阀组和压力传感器分别实现喷雾量调节、喷雾启停控制和喷雾压力采集的功能；液晶显示屏安装在驾驶室内，用来显示喷雾机状态参数，包括喷雾压力、喷雾机行驶速度、药液流量和药箱二液位等信息；液位传感器安装在药箱二内部，用来采集药箱二内液位高度信息；速度传感器安装在现有喷雾机变速箱输出轴位置，用来采集车辆行驶速度信息。The control device includes a controller, a liquid crystal display screen, a proportional flow valve, a solenoid valve group, a flow meter, a speed sensor, a liquid level sensor and a pressure sensor; a pressure gauge and a safety valve are sequentially arranged on the pipeline between the flow divider and the nozzle , flow meter, proportional flow valve, solenoid valve group and pressure sensor; among them, the liquid crystal display, proportional flow valve, solenoid valve group, flow meter, speed sensor, liquid level sensor and pressure sensor are respectively electrically connected to the controller; the controller According to the collected parameter information such as pipeline pressure, liquid medicine flow rate, liquid level information in medicine box 2 and sprayer driving speed, the proportional flow valve and solenoid valve group are controlled to carry out precise spraying; the proportional flow valve, solenoid valve group and The pressure sensor realizes the functions of spray volume adjustment, spray start-stop control and spray pressure collection; the liquid crystal display is installed in the cab to display the state parameters of the sprayer, including spray pressure, sprayer speed, liquid medicine flow rate and medicine box Second, liquid level and other information; the liquid level sensor is installed inside the second medicine box to collect the liquid level height information in the second medicine box; the speed sensor is installed at the output shaft position of the existing sprayer gearbox to collect vehicle speed information.
所述清洗装置包括清洗水箱和清洗水枪；清洗水箱用来盛装清水，并通过同轴阀控制开启，用于操作人员清洗使用。清洗水枪设置在分流器与水箱二连接的管路上，通过一个同轴阀紧邻分流器安装。清洗水枪用于将清洗管路的废水对车辆进行清洁养护。The cleaning device includes a cleaning water tank and a cleaning water gun; the cleaning water tank is used to contain clean water, and is controlled to open by a coaxial valve for cleaning by operators. The cleaning water gun is arranged on the pipeline connecting the flow divider and the second water tank, and is installed next to the flow divider through a coaxial valve. The cleaning water gun is used to clean and maintain the vehicle with the wastewater from the cleaning pipeline.
本实用新型设计的精量喷雾系统，能够完成自动混药，避免了药液与施药者的直接接触，可有效防止由于误操作导致的施药者药物中毒现象发生，同时，药原液与水经管路流动也可以使药液与水达到充分混匀的目的；喷雾施药时，控制器综合各传感器采集的管路压力、药液流量、喷雾机车速和药箱二液位信息，经过计算控制比例流量阀和电磁阀组进行精量喷雾施药；由于加装了清洗水枪，在车辆维护保养时，可以用来进行车辆清洁。综合来看，本实用新型设计的精量喷雾系统，集混药、施药和清洁功能于一体，能够使喷雾施药更加便捷、高效，能够极大提高喷杆喷雾机械的性能，具有较高的应用和推广价值。The precision spray system designed by the utility model can complete the automatic drug mixing, avoid the direct contact between the liquid medicine and the applicator, and can effectively prevent the drug poisoning of the applicator caused by misoperation. The flow through the pipeline can also achieve the purpose of fully mixing the liquid medicine and water; when spraying medicine, the controller integrates the pipeline pressure, liquid medicine flow rate, sprayer speed and the second liquid level information of the medicine box collected by each sensor, and calculates Control the proportional flow valve and solenoid valve group for precision spraying; due to the installation of a cleaning water gun, it can be used for vehicle cleaning during vehicle maintenance. On the whole, the precision spray system designed by the utility model integrates the functions of drug mixing, spraying and cleaning, which can make the spray spraying more convenient and efficient, and can greatly improve the performance of the boom spraying machine, with higher application and promotion value.
(四)附图说明(4) Description of drawings
图1是精量喷雾系统原理示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the precision spray system;
图2是精量喷雾控制系统原理示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the precision spray control system;
图中:1.药箱一；2.药箱二；3.清洗水箱；4.单向阀；5.过滤器；6.隔膜泵；7.分流器；8.压力表；9.安全阀；10.流量计；11.比例流量阀；12.电磁阀组；13.压力传感器；14.三向旋塞阀一；15.三向旋塞阀二16.同轴阀；17.喷杆；18.喷头。In the figure: 1. Medicine box one; 2. Medicine box two; 3. Cleaning water tank; 4. Check valve; 5. Filter; 6. Diaphragm pump; 7. Diverter; 8. Pressure gauge; 9. Safety valve ;10. Flow meter; 11. Proportional flow valve; 12. Solenoid valve group; 13. Pressure sensor; 14. Three-way plug valve one; 15. Three-way plug valve two 16. Coaxial valve; 17. Spray bar; . Nozzles.
(五)具体实施方式(5) Specific implementation methods
本实用新型设计的精量喷雾施药系统适合应用于自走式、牵引式和悬挂式喷杆喷雾机，根据设计中应用的装置，下面将结合图1和图2介绍本实用新型设计的精量喷雾施药系统的具体工作方式。The precision spraying spraying system designed by the utility model is suitable for self-propelled, towed and suspended boom sprayers. The specific working mode of the volume spray application system.
如图1所示为精量喷雾施药系统的原理示意图，主要包括自动混药装置、喷雾施药装置和清洗装置。其中，所述自动混药装置包括药箱一、药箱二、隔膜泵、过滤器、单向阀和三向旋塞阀；所述喷雾施药装置包括压力表、安全阀、喷杆和喷头；所述清洗装置包括清洗水箱和清洗水枪。图2所示为喷雾控制系统原理示意图，主要包括控制器、液晶显示屏、比例流量阀、电磁阀组、流量计、速度传感器、液位传感器和压力传感器，其中，本实施例中控制器采用了ARM核心的32位RISC处理器；本发明中控制器还可使用单片机、PLC等也可以实现该控制功能。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the precision spray application system, which mainly includes an automatic drug mixing device, a spray application device and a cleaning device. Wherein, the automatic drug mixing device includes a medicine box one, a medicine box two, a diaphragm pump, a filter, a one-way valve and a three-way cock valve; the spraying device includes a pressure gauge, a safety valve, a spray rod and a spray nozzle; The cleaning device includes a cleaning water tank and a cleaning water gun. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the spray control system, which mainly includes a controller, a liquid crystal display, a proportional flow valve, a solenoid valve group, a flow meter, a speed sensor, a liquid level sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein, in this embodiment, the controller adopts A 32-bit RISC processor with an ARM core is used; the controller in the present invention can also use a single-chip microcomputer, PLC, etc. to realize the control function.
在进行自动混药时，高浓度药原液装入药箱一中，与水混合好的药液将会存放在入药箱二内，同时将三向旋塞阀一14接通水源和隔膜泵6，三相旋塞阀二15接通隔膜泵6和药箱二；然后，通过皮带或由液压马达给隔膜泵6提供动力使其工作；隔膜泵6将水源处的水经过滤器5抽起，过滤器可以过滤掉水中的悬浮物等杂质，防止阻塞管路；在抽水进药箱二时，打开同轴阀15，让药液与水混合一起流入药箱二中，经过在管路中的流动可以使药液与水充分混合均匀；此外，接在药箱一和药箱二连接处与清洗水箱之间的单向阀4可以防止药液倒流污染清洗水箱；在进行抽水混药的时候可以打开接在清洗水箱和三向旋塞阀二15之间的同轴阀16，向清洗水箱中加水，用于操作人员清洗时使用。当加水混药结束后，关闭隔膜泵。When performing automatic medicine mixing, the high-concentration drug stock solution is loaded into the medicine box 1, and the medicine solution mixed with water will be stored in the medicine box 2. At the same time, the three-way stopcock 14 is connected to the water source and the diaphragm pump 6, Three-phase cock valve 2 15 connects diaphragm pump 6 and medicine box 2; then, provides power to diaphragm pump 6 to make it work through a belt or a hydraulic motor; diaphragm pump 6 pumps up the water at the water source through filter 5, and the filter Impurities such as suspended solids in the water can be filtered out to prevent the pipeline from being blocked; when water is pumped into the medicine box 2, the coaxial valve 15 is opened to allow the liquid medicine to mix with water and flow into the medicine box 2, through the flow in the pipeline can be Make the liquid medicine and water fully mix evenly; In addition, the one-way valve 4 connected between the connection of the medicine box 1 and the medicine box 2 and the cleaning water tank can prevent the liquid medicine from backflowing and polluting the cleaning water tank; it can be opened when pumping water and mixing medicine Be connected to the coaxial valve 16 between the cleaning water tank and the three-way cock valve two 15, add water in the cleaning water tank, and use when cleaning for the operator. After adding water and mixing medicine, close the diaphragm pump.
进入施药过程，切换三向旋塞阀一14接通水箱二和隔膜泵6，切换三向旋塞阀二15接通隔膜泵6和分流器7，药液先后经过分流器7、压力表8、安全阀9、流量计10、比例流量阀12、电磁阀组13到达喷杆16和喷头17，然后对作物进行喷雾施药。Enter the spraying process, switch the three-way cock valve one 14 to connect the water tank two and the diaphragm pump 6, switch the three-way cock valve two 15 to connect the diaphragm pump 6 and the shunt 7, and the liquid medicine passes through the shunt 7, the pressure gauge 8, The safety valve 9, the flow meter 10, the proportional flow valve 12, and the electromagnetic valve group 13 reach the spray rod 16 and the spray nozzle 17, and then the crops are sprayed and applied.
在进行喷雾施药时，由精量喷雾控制装置对喷药过程进行精量控制。控制器通过处理由压力传感器、速度传感器、液位传感器、流量计采集到的管路压力、喷雾机车速、药箱二液位和药液流量信息，经过系统计算后输出控制信号，控制比例流量阀12进行喷药量调节，同时在驾驶室内的液晶屏上会显示出以上参数值；此外，通过控制电磁阀组通断，可以实现对每段喷杆的单独控制。During the spray application, the precise control of the spraying process is carried out by the precision spray control device. The controller processes the pipeline pressure collected by the pressure sensor, speed sensor, liquid level sensor and flowmeter, the speed of the sprayer, the second liquid level of the medicine tank and the flow information of the medicine liquid, and outputs the control signal after the system calculation to control the proportional flow. Valve 12 is used to adjust the spraying amount, and the above parameter values will be displayed on the LCD screen in the cab; in addition, by controlling the solenoid valve group on and off, individual control of each section of the spray boom can be realized.
喷雾施药结束后，需要清洗系统管路内的残留药液，与混药时的操作方式相同，直接将清水抽入药箱一和药箱二中，然后通过切换三向旋塞阀及同轴阀配合，通过隔膜泵将清水抽入管路中流过各个组件，通过清水流动对整个管路内的残留药液进行清洗。与此同时，在作业完成或对车辆进行保养时，可以打开分流器与清洗水枪之间的同轴阀使用清洗管路的废水冲洗车辆上的残余泥垢或对车辆进行清洁养护。After spraying, it is necessary to clean the residual liquid medicine in the pipeline of the system. The operation method is the same as when mixing the medicine. The clear water is directly pumped into the medicine box 1 and the medicine box 2, and then the three-way cock valve and the coaxial valve are switched. In cooperation, clean water is pumped into the pipeline through the diaphragm pump to flow through each component, and the residual liquid medicine in the entire pipeline is cleaned by the flow of clean water. At the same time, when the work is completed or the vehicle is maintained, the coaxial valve between the diverter and the cleaning water gun can be opened to use the waste water from the cleaning pipeline to wash away the residual dirt on the vehicle or to clean and maintain the vehicle.
本实用新型设计的精量喷雾施药系统，其创新性在于：The innovativeness of the precision spray spraying system designed by the utility model lies in:
1.使用一台隔膜泵，配合三向旋塞阀、同轴阀的切换，实现自动混药、喷雾施药和清洗的功能，提高了设备利用率、节约了生产成本，减轻了设备重量；1. Using a diaphragm pump, combined with the switching of three-way cock valve and coaxial valve, realizes the functions of automatic drug mixing, spray application and cleaning, which improves the utilization rate of equipment, saves production costs, and reduces the weight of equipment;
2.通过综合考虑车辆行驶速度、管路压力和药液流量信息，控制比例流量阀自动调整喷药量，使喷雾施药更加均匀，有效减少了药液使用量，提高了药液利用率，减轻了施药对环境的污染和破坏程度；2. By comprehensively considering the vehicle speed, pipeline pressure and liquid medicine flow information, the proportional flow valve is controlled to automatically adjust the spraying amount, making the spraying more uniform, effectively reducing the amount of liquid medicine used, and improving the utilization rate of the liquid medicine. Reduced the degree of pollution and damage to the environment caused by pesticide application;
3.通过系统自动混药，使施药人员不直接接触药液，避免了由于误操作导致的施药人员中毒现象的发生；3. The system automatically mixes the medicine, so that the sprayer does not directly contact the liquid medicine, and avoids the occurrence of poisoning of the sprayer caused by misoperation;
4.增加了清洗水枪，使用清洗车辆的废水对车辆进行清洁，节约了水资源，使车辆的保养清洁更加灵活、方便。4. The cleaning water gun is added, and the vehicle is cleaned by using the waste water from cleaning the vehicle, which saves water resources and makes the maintenance and cleaning of the vehicle more flexible and convenient.
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