CN205871718U - Four wheel drive hybrid tractor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a four-wheel drive hybrid tractor, which comprises a chassis and wheels, and the chassis comprises a fuel tank, an engine, a transfer case, a generator, a power output shaft, a driving motor, an electric coupler, a battery pack, a battery charger and The motor controller, the engine and the generator are the basic power sources, and the battery pack is the auxiliary power source; there is a transfer case between the engine and the motor, and the power of the engine is provided for the power output shaft and the generator through the transfer case respectively and can be independent Control the switch and size of the two power streams; the four driving motors are respectively installed in the four wheels and drive the four wheels, the wheels and the driving motors are driven through the transmission system; the fuel tank is connected to the engine through the oil circuit, the engine and the transfer case, The transfer case is mechanically connected to the generator and the power output shaft. The utility model has the advantages of low emission, wide application range, few fault points, high ground adhesion, good traction performance and easy operation.

Description

A four-wheel drive hybrid tractor

technical field

The utility model relates to a tractor, in particular to a hybrid tractor, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.

Background technique

For tractors, its role is mainly reflected in: in agriculture, it is used for field farming, pulling and driving agricultural tools for farming; in industry and life, it is pulling and transporting heavy equipment; especially for some special occasions, such as polar scientific research , snow disaster rescue and other poor road conditions, as a means of transportation and transportation that can well adapt to road conditions and generate sufficient traction. At present, traditional tractors mostly use diesel engines as power sources, which not only emit bad emissions and consume oil resources, but also require complex power conversion devices (gearboxes, secondary transmissions, differentials, etc.) due to their high traction requirements. To change the power to meet the work requirements, not only the cost of R&D and manufacturing is high, but also the training cost of operators is greatly increased; in addition, most traditional tractors use two-wheel drive, which does not allow all the mass to fall on the driving wheels. The utilization rate of the car mass for the improvement of ground adhesion is low, so the maximum adhesion is small, which makes the wheels easier to slip, thus affecting the maximum traction. As a traction vehicle, tractors should mainly belong to the category of production tools rather than vehicles. Therefore, some high-speed engines (such as gas turbine engines) and engines with slow dynamic characteristics (such as Stirling engines) can be based on However, because traditional tractors cannot achieve mechanical decoupling, they cannot use those engines with special external characteristics. my country has a vast territory, a large climate span, and rich terrain. Therefore, regardless of agricultural use or other uses, tractors as traction machinery should have strong road condition adaptability and good traction performance.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a hybrid tractor capable of realizing mechanical decoupling and good adaptability to road conditions in view of the defects in the prior art.

In order to solve this technical problem, the utility model provides a four-wheel drive hybrid tractor, including a chassis and wheels, and the chassis includes a fuel tank, an engine, a transfer case, a generator, a power output shaft, a drive motor, an electric coupling The engine, the battery pack, the battery charger and the motor controller, the engine and the generator are the basic power source, and the battery pack is the auxiliary power source; there is a transfer case between the engine and the motor, and the power of the engine is separated by the transfer case It provides power for the power output shaft and the generator, and can independently control the switch and size of the two power streams; the four drive motors are respectively installed in the four wheels and drive the four wheels respectively, and the wheels and their respective drive motors are connected by transmission System transmission; the fuel tank is connected to the engine through an oil circuit, and the engine and the transfer case, as well as the transfer case and the generator and the power output shaft are mechanically connected.

The transmission between the engine and the transfer case is through the first gear set, and the transmission between the transfer case and the power output shaft and the generator is through the second gear set.

The height of the chassis from the ground is higher than the center height of its wheels, and the transmission system between the wheels and their respective drive motors is a pair of thin planetary gear pairs with a high rotational speed ratio.

The height of the chassis from the ground is higher than the center height of its wheels. The transmission system between the wheels and their respective drive motors is a friction belt drive or a synchronous belt drive. The friction belt drive is composed of a large wheel, a small wheel and a belt. The synchronous belt drive consists of two pulleys and a synchronous belt.

The electrical coupler includes a rectifier and a bidirectional power electronic converter; the output of the generator is connected to the power bus through the rectifier, and the battery pack is used as a bidirectional energy source, connected to the power bus through a controllable bidirectional power electronic converter, and the power bus is connected to the motor The controller, generator, battery charger and drive motor during regenerative braking can all charge the battery pack or charge the battery from the grid through a wall socket.

The motor controller relies on a C-type two-quadrant chopper to control the speed of the drive motor.

The drive motor is a direct current motor, separately excited or shunt excited direct current motor, or series excited direct current motor.

The tractor also includes a steering front axle adapted to the tractor and corresponding steering gear and steering tie rods.

Beneficial effects: the utility model is jointly operated by the motor and the engine, wherein the motor generates the traction force of the whole vehicle, the engine provides stable power for the motor and increases the endurance of the battery pack, and directly drives the power output shaft located at the tail of the tractor; the accelerator pedal The voltage and speed are adjusted through a set of gear connecting rod devices and resistance strain gauges, and the torque adjustment range is wide; compared with the two-wheel drive tractor, the utilization rate of the adhesion force in the utility model is obviously higher for the quality of the whole vehicle; Traditional tractors reduce the use of gearboxes and greatly reduce the complexity of the driver's operations; compared with tractors with mechanical transmissions, the utility model greatly reduces the mechanical loss and heat loss of energy, and the energy utilization rate is high. In addition, the utility model also has the advantages of low emission, wide application range, and few failure points. It can be widely used in field operations and traction four-wheel drive under harsh and changeable road conditions. It has high ground adhesion, good traction performance, and easy operation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the assembly schematic front view of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the assembly of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is a schematic left view of the assembly of the present utility model;

Fig. 4 is a composition structure diagram of the utility model hybrid point drive system;

Fig. 5 is the control schematic diagram of the present utility model;

Fig. 6 is the control flowchart of the utility model.

In the figure: 1 chassis, 2 wheels, 3 fuel tank, 4 engine, 5 transfer case, 6 generator, 7 power output shaft, 8 drive motor, 9 electric coupling device, 10 battery pack, 11 battery charger, 12 motor control Device, 13 gear sets one, 14 gear sets two, 15 transmission system, 16 steering shaft, 17 steering tie rods.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described in detail.

The utility model comprises chassis 1 and wheel 2.

The chassis 1 includes a fuel tank 3, an engine 4, a transfer case 5, a generator 6, a power take-off shaft 7, a drive motor 8, an electric coupler 9, a battery pack 10, a battery charger 11 and a motor controller 12. The driving and steering front axle of the utility model; and the chassis layout and the cover part of the utility model adapting to the parts of the utility model and the mass distribution of the whole vehicle.

The engine 4 and the generator 6 are basic power sources, and the battery pack 10 is an auxiliary power source.

A transfer case 5 is arranged between the engine 4 and the motor 6, and the power of the engine 5 provides power for the power output shaft 7 and the generator 6 respectively through the transfer case 5 and can independently control the switch and the size of the two power streams; Due to size issues, there are two transmission gear sets connecting the first shaft of the transfer case to the engine and the third shaft of the transfer case to the generator.

The four drive motors 8 are respectively installed in the four wheels 2 and drive the four wheels 2 respectively, and the transmission system 15 is transmitted between the wheels 2 and the respective drive motors 8 .

The fuel tank 3 is connected to the engine 4 through an oil passage, and the engine 4 is connected to the transfer case 5, and the transfer case 5, the generator 6 and the power output shaft 7 are mechanically connected.

The transmission between the engine 4 and the transfer box 5 is through a gear set 13, and the transmission between the transfer box 5, the power output shaft 7 and the generator 6 is through a gear set 2 14.

In order to meet the requirements of the height from the ground when the tractor is working, the height of the ground clearance of the chassis 1 of the utility model is designed higher, and the height of the chassis 1 from the ground is higher than the center height of its wheels 2, and the wheels 2 and their respective drive The transmission system 15 between the motors 8 is a pair of thin planetary gear pairs with a high speed ratio, which reduces the speed of the motor and increases the torque of the motor.

When the hybrid tractor is used for farming on relatively "hard" land or dragging a large load, in order to meet the requirements of the tractor's height from the ground when it is working, the height of the chassis 1 from the ground is higher than the center height of its wheels 2 , in order to prevent the motor from "burning out" due to overload, the transmission system 15 between the wheels 2 and the respective drive motors 8 is a friction-type belt drive or a synchronous belt drive, and the friction-type belt drive is composed of a large wheel, a small wheel and a belt , The synchronous belt transmission consists of two pulleys and a synchronous belt.

The tractor also includes a steering front axle and corresponding steering gear 16 and steering tie rod 17 adapted to the tractor.

Fig. 4 shows the structure diagram of the hybrid power point drive system of the utility model.

The electrical coupler 9 includes a rectifier and a bidirectional power electronic converter.

The output of the generator 6 is connected to a power (DC) bus through a controllable electronic converter (rectifier).

The engine 4 and generator 6 are the basic power source, the battery pack 10 is the auxiliary power source, and the battery pack 10 is used as a bidirectional energy source, connected to the electric power (DC-DC converter) through a controllable bidirectional power electronic converter (DC-DC converter). )bus.

The power bus is connected to a motor controller 12, the traction motors are controlled as motors or generators, and run in forward or reverse direction.

The generator 6 , the battery charger 11 and the drive motor 8 during regenerative braking can all charge the battery pack 10 .

The battery charger 11 charges the battery from the grid through a wall socket.

The power take-off shaft 7 can adjust the rotating speed.

The drive motor 8 is a direct current motor, separately excited or shunt excited direct current motor, or series excited direct current motor.

Select the drive motor according to the main purpose of the hybrid tractor, because it is a traction application, so the requirement for traction is higher, so select the DC motor (compared with the AC motor, the DC motor has a higher starting torque); if the utility model uses In occasions where speed regulation performance is emphasized, separate excitation or shunt excitation DC motors can be selected, and the motor speed can be controlled by adjusting the resistance of the armature circuit; if the utility model is used in the case of heavy load overload or high starting torque, A series-excited DC motor can be used.

The utility model adopts 4WD power form, and the purpose is to increase the maximum adhesion of the tractor, thereby improving the adhesion of the whole vehicle.

The utility model adopts four driving motors installed in the four wheels to drive the four wheels respectively, which satisfies the mechanical decoupling of the tractor transmission system, thereby decoupling the speed of the two wheels. The transmission system of the utility model is mainly electromechanical This structure has a similar mechanical differential function and an auxiliary anti-skid function similar to traditional traction control, so that the speed and torque of each wheel can be independently controlled, which can greatly improve The driving performance of the vehicle can make the tractor have better adaptability in bad road conditions, thus greatly simplifying the drive system; another advantage of using the separate motor drive structure is that it solves the problem of large motor size when driving with high horsepower Can adopt four motors of smaller power whose total power is equal to the power of the high-power motor, and its size is also smaller, which is convenient for the layout of the vehicle assembly.

Fig. 5 shows the control diagram of the utility model.

The motor controller shown mainly relies on the C-type two-quadrant chopper to control the speed of the driving motor. The C-type two-quadrant chopper mainly controls the motor by controlling the value of the duty ratio δ, according to It can be seen that not only the armature current can be controlled by adjusting the size of δ, but also the direction of the armature current can be controlled by changing the size of δ and adjusting the positive and negative values of δV-E, thereby controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor.

Figure 6 shows the control flow chart of the utility model.

The aim of the control strategy of the present invention is to satisfy the command of the required power given by the driver, while at the same time maintaining the state of charge of the battery at a high level. The engine/generator set is the primary power source, while the battery is the auxiliary power source. The high state of charge of the battery can ensure the high performance of the vehicle at any time. When the traction power is greater than the power that the engine/generator can provide, the battery needs to provide part of the power to compensate for the shortage. When the traction power is less than the power that the engine/generator can provide when it is running in the best operating area, it depends on the state of charge of the battery. If the state of charge of the battery is lower than the set state of charge value, the engine/generator will run At full load, the motor is driven and the battery is charged; if the battery is fully charged, the engine/generator provides traction power. When braking, if the braking power is greater than the braking power that the motor can generate, the mixed braking mode is adopted, the motor generates the maximum braking power (maximum regenerative braking power), and the mechanical braking system generates the remaining braking power. efficiency. Regenerative braking mode is only used when the braking power is less than what the electric motor can produce.

The utility model also includes a workbench, a driver's cab, a front cover, a bumper, an exhaust pipe, an intake pipe and a tail light, and the assembly positions of each part are all on the vehicle frame, and the vehicle frame adopts a side beam type vehicle frame; The assembly position is shown in Figure 1; the design scheme of the cover that satisfies the size of each component is designed by empirical method, referring to the scheme of the cover of Dongfanghong X-804, and according to the size of each component, the floor under the seat, the rear panel, Changes have been made to meet the size requirements of the various components of the electrical system; changes have been made to the front cover to adapt to the change in engine size and expand the driver's field of vision; due to the use of 4WD, the wheel transmission machinery is decoupled, and the whole vehicle The chassis can be appropriately raised to meet the requirements of intertillage operations for taller crops.

Working principle of the utility model:

When the driver steps on the accelerator pedal, the engine 4 runs, and its speed is controlled by the accelerator pedal; the power is transmitted to the transfer case 5 through the transmission gear set, and through the transfer case 5, the power is divided into two power streams, one of which drives the generator 6 generates electricity, and one drives the power output shaft 7; the driver can adjust the speed of the power output shaft 7 and control whether the power is transmitted to the generator 6 through the power output shaft gear lever and the power engagement lever arranged on the floor of the cab; The driver hangs up the power connecting rod, and the power drives the generator 6 to generate electricity, and the generator 6 outputs alternating current, which is converted into direct current through the rectifier; the battery pack 10 is charged and discharged according to the control of the vehicle controller. The DC-DC converters are connected; the current enters the motor controller 12 to divide the current to the four driving motors 8 according to the set control strategy and circuit rules, and controls the speed of each wheel 2 by controlling the magnitude of the armature current.

The utility model is jointly operated by the motor and the engine, wherein the motor generates the traction force of the whole vehicle, the engine provides stable electric power for the motor and increases the endurance capacity of the battery pack, and directly drives the power output shaft located at the tail of the tractor; the accelerator pedal passes through a set of The gear connecting rod device and the resistance strain gauge adjust the voltage and speed, and the torque adjustment range is wide; compared with the two-wheel drive tractor, the utilization rate of the adhesion force in the utility model is obviously higher for the quality of the whole vehicle; compared with the traditional tractor, The use of the gearbox is reduced, and the complexity of the driver's operation is greatly reduced; compared with the tractor with the participation of mechanical transmission, the utility model greatly reduces the mechanical loss and heat loss of energy, and the energy utilization rate is high; in addition, the utility model The utility model also has the advantages of low emission, wide application range, and few failure points. It can be widely used in field operations and traction four-wheel drive under harsh and changeable road conditions. It has high ground adhesion, good traction performance, and easy operation.

The utility model has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the utility model, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (8)

1. a four-wheel drive hybrid tractor, comprising chassis (1) and wheels (2), is characterized in that: said chassis (1) comprises fuel tank (3), engine (4), transfer case (5), Generator (6), power take-off shaft (7), driving motor (8), electrical coupler (9), battery pack (10), battery charger (11) and motor controller (12), described engine ( 4) and the generator (6) are the basic power sources, and the battery pack (10) is the auxiliary power source; a transfer case (5) is arranged between the engine (4) and the generator (6), and the power of the engine (4) The transfer box (5) provides power for the power output shaft (7) and the generator (6) respectively, and can independently control the switch and size of the two power streams; the four drive motors (8) are installed on the four wheels ( 2) drive the four wheels (2) inside and respectively, the wheels (2) and their respective drive motors (8) are driven through the transmission system (15); the oil tank (3) and the engine (4) are connected by oil Road connection, between the engine (4) and the transfer case (5), and the transfer case (5) and the generator (6) and the power output shaft (7) are mechanically connected. 2. The four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission between the engine (4) and the transfer case (5) is through a gear set one (13), and the transfer case (5) Between the power output shaft (7) and the generator (6), it is driven by gear set two (14). 3. The four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the chassis (1) from the ground is higher than the center height of its wheels (2), and the wheels (2) and their respective drive The transmission system (15) between the motors (8) is a pair of thin planetary gear pairs with a high rotational speed ratio. 4. The four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the chassis (1) from the ground is higher than the center height of its wheels (2), and its wheels (2) and their respective drive motors The transmission system (15) between (8) is friction type belt transmission or synchronous belt transmission, and friction type belt transmission is made up of bull wheel, small wheel and belt, and synchronous belt transmission is made up of two pulleys and synchronous belt. 5. The four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electrical coupler (9) includes a rectifier and a bidirectional power electronic converter; the output of the generator (6) is connected to the power bus through the rectifier , the battery pack (10), as a bidirectional energy source, is connected to the power bus through a controllable bidirectional power electronic converter, and the power bus is connected to the motor controller (12), the generator (6), the battery charger (11) and the regenerative system The drive motor (8) when moving can charge the storage battery pack (10), or charge the storage battery by the grid through the wall socket. 6 . The four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 1 , characterized in that: the motor controller ( 12 ) controls the rotational speed of the drive motor 8 by means of a C-type two-quadrant chopper. 7. The four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drive motor (8) is a DC motor, a separately excited or shunt excited DC motor, or a series excited DC motor. 8. The four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: the tractor also includes a steering front axle adapted to the tractor and a corresponding steering gear (16) and steering tie rod ( 17).