Background technology
Along with energy-saving and emission-reduction, reducing CO2 emission, solve global warming trend, new-energy automobile industry starts
Flourish.Inside a hybrid vehicle, there is the battery system of a 48V assisted, exclusively for high power load
Power supply is provided, thus alleviates the burden of 12V battery system, extend the life-span of 12V lead-acid battery.Such as motor compressor, electricity adds
Hot device, electronic power assist steering and starting etc..
As shown in Figure 1, between 48V battery and 12V battery, there is a non-isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter, for two set systems
Energy transmission between system.General 12V battery is to be linked at DCDC variator for a long time once, and between 48V battery and DC-DC
Having catalyst main switch S1, main switch S1 is only crossed with running before being initiated and middle just can be closed.
But, when main switch S1 closes in a flash, due to the existence of the internal storage capacitor C1 of DC-DC, it may appear that one
Hundreds of surge currents even going up kiloampere, main switch S1 there will be the phenomenon of sparking Vulpes, and switch is easily damaged.In advance
Charging current in charging process is to provide from 12V battery, if it is desired to fill electricity on C1 with, and just must be also to fill with on C2
Electricity, if it is desired to filling electricity on C2 with, is necessary for safe metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3 and Q4 to open that (the two MOS is that common source links together
MOS, play cut-out 12V battery and the effect of DCDC, and the effect of anti-reverse protection, be designed in inside DCDC), safety
Metal-oxide-semiconductor Q3 and Q4 opens moment, and due to the existence of C2, the surge current also having hundreds of amperes charges to C2, and this is big
Surge current be also possible to damage safe MOSQ3 and Q4.
Chinese patent 201210119135.0 discloses a kind of pre-charge circuit for DC-DC boost converter and preliminary filling
Method for electrically, it flows through the reference current of described reference transistor by regulation, so that described reference current keeps constant;Control institute
The drain voltage stating reference transistor follows the drain voltage change of described power transistor, so that described reference transistor and institute
Stating power transistor in pre-charge process is current mirroring circuit, by the described power transistor mirror to described reference transistor
Picture, it is thus achieved that a constant image current is used as pre-charge current, the most i.e. achieves the precharge electricity of described pre-charge circuit
Stream keeps constant.This utility model is not only able to carry out being pre-charged with boosted output voltages, and ensure that and be pre-charged
Cheng Zhong, pre-charge current is constant, meets the requirement of quick starting load.Additionally, precharge described in the utility model controls skill
The starting current of the pre-charge current of art scheme is little, length of holding time, thus circuit loss is less, and stability is higher.
The drain voltage of described reference transistor is carried out clamping control by above-mentioned patent by voltage clamping circuit, so that
The drain voltage of reference transistor follows the change of the drain voltage of power transistor, thus solves preliminary filling in pre-charge process
The problem of electricity electric current decline rather than reduction surge current.
It is therefore desirable to a kind of pre-charge circuit of design, to realize avoiding the main switch Guan Bi in equipment or disconnection moment
There is no red fox, it is ensured that main switch and the life-span of other equipment, reduce surge current as far as possible, it is ensured that the operation of each parts should
Power, it is ensured that product quality.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the defect of prior art, it is provided that non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter preliminary filling
Electricity circuit.
For achieving the above object, this utility model is by the following technical solutions: non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter is pre-charged
Circuit, including DC-DC main circuit, controller, the first power amplifier tube, current-limiting resistance and the second power amplifier tube, described DC-
DC main circuit includes the first electric capacity and the second electric capacity, and described first electric capacity has the first battery by described inductance connection, described
The positive pole of the first electric capacity is connected to the second battery and described controller, and described first electric capacity and described second battery it
Between be provided with main switch, described second electric capacity is connected in parallel between described inductance and described first battery, described first power amplifier tube
Control foot be connected with described controller, the control of the output pin of described first power amplifier tube and described second power amplifier tube
Foot connects, the input pin ground connection of described first power amplifier tube;The input pin of described second power amplifier tube and described first electricity
Pond connect, the output pin of described second power amplifier tube by described current-limiting resistance respectively with described second electric capacity and described electricity
Sense connects.
Its further technical scheme is: described non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter pre-charge circuit also includes the first safety
Power amplifier tube, the control foot of described first firm power amplifier tube is connected with described controller, and described first firm power is put
The input pin of big pipe is connected with described first battery, the output pin of described first firm power amplifier tube and described inductance connection.
Its further technical scheme is: being connected between described inductance with described first battery has current sampling resistor, described
Current sampling resistor is connected with described second electric capacity and described controller respectively.
Its further technical scheme is: the input of described second electric capacity and the input of described current sampling resistor with
Be provided with the second firm power amplifier tube between the positive pole of described first battery, the control foot of described second firm power amplifier tube with
Described controller connects, and the input pin of described second firm power amplifier tube is connected with the positive pole of described first battery, and described the
The output pin of two firm power amplifier tubes respectively with input and the input of described current sampling resistor of described second electric capacity
End connects.
Its further technical scheme is: being connected between described second electric capacity and the outfan of described inductance has high frequency power to put
Big pipe, the output pin of described high frequency power amplifier tube is connected with the outfan of described inductance, described high frequency power amplifier tube defeated
Enter foot to be connected with described first electric capacity and described second electric capacity respectively, the control foot of described high frequency power amplifier tube and described control
Device processed connects.
Its further technical scheme is: being connected between the outfan of described inductance and the positive pole of described first electric capacity has the 3rd
Power amplifier tube, the control foot of described 3rd power amplifier tube is connected with described controller, described 3rd power amplifier tube defeated
Enter the foot output pin respectively with the outfan of described inductance and described high frequency power amplifier tube to be connected, described 3rd power amplification
The output pin of pipe is connected with the positive pole of described first electric capacity.
Its further technical scheme is: described first power amplifier tube is P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Its further technical scheme is: described second power amplifier tube is N-channel MOS pipe.
Its further technical scheme is: described 3rd power amplifier tube is metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Its further technical scheme is: described first firm power amplifier tube, described second firm power amplifier tube and
Described high frequency power amplifier tube is respectively metal-oxide-semiconductor.
This utility model compared with prior art provides the benefit that: non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter of the present utility model
Device pre-charge circuit, by arranging controller, the first power amplifier tube, current-limiting resistance and the second power amplifier tube, at preliminary filling
During electricity, controlling the second power amplifier tube by controller and close, simultaneously the first power amplifier tube conducting, pre-charge current is by the
One power amplifier tube and current-limiting resistance give the second electric capacity charging, and pre-charge current charges to the first electric capacity by inductance simultaneously;
Through after a period of time, by controller send high-frequency PWM make the voltage on the first electric capacity from 12V to 48V, when controller examine
Measure the voltage on the first electric capacity and be equal to 48V, close high-frequency PWM, complete whole pre-charge process, it is achieved avoid main switch to close
Or disconnection moment does not has red fox, it is ensured that main switch and the life-span of other equipment, reduce surge current, it is ensured that each parts
Run stress, it is ensured that product quality.
With specific embodiment, this utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more fully understand technology contents of the present utility model, below in conjunction with specific embodiment to skill of the present utility model
Art scheme is further described and illustrates, but is not limited to this.
Specific embodiment as shown in figures 1-4, the non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter precharge electricity that the present embodiment provides
Road, can be used in hybrid vehicle 48V/12V system, it is possible to be extended to family's energy storage and distributed grid-connected generating
Deng in new forms of energy, it is achieved avoid the Guan Bi of main switch S1 in equipment or disconnect moment and there is no red fox, it is ensured that main switch S1 and
In the life-span of his equipment, need to reduce as far as possible surge current, it is ensured that the operation stress of each parts, it is ensured that product quality.
Non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter pre-charge circuit, including DC-DC main circuit, controller, the first power amplifier tube
Q5, current-limiting resistance R2 and the second power amplifier tube Q6, DC-DC main circuit includes the first electric capacity C1 and the second electric capacity C2, the
One electric capacity C1 is connected by inductance L1 and the first battery, and the positive pole of the first electric capacity C1 connects with the second battery and controller the most respectively
Connect, and be provided with main switch S1 between the first electric capacity C1 and the second battery, the second electric capacity C2 be connected in parallel on inductance L1 and the first battery it
Between, wherein, the control foot of the first power amplifier tube Q5 is connected with controller, the output pin of the first power amplifier tube Q5 and the second merit
The control foot of rate amplifier tube Q6 connects, the input pin ground connection of the first power amplifier tube Q5;The input pin of the second power amplifier tube Q6
Be connected with the first battery, the output pin of the second power amplifier tube Q6 by described current-limiting resistance R2 respectively with the second electric capacity C2 and
Inductance L1 connects.
Above-mentioned non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter pre-charge circuit, by arranging controller, the first power amplifier tube
Q5, current-limiting resistance R2 and the second power amplifier tube Q6, when precharge, control the second power amplifier tube Q6 by controller and close
Closing, simultaneously the first power amplifier tube Q5 conducting, pre-charge current gives the by the first power amplifier tube Q5 and current-limiting resistance R2
Two electric capacity C2 chargings, pre-charge current charges to the first electric capacity C1 by inductance L1 simultaneously;Through after a period of time, by controlling
Device send high-frequency PWM make the voltage on the first electric capacity C1 from 12V to 48V, when controller detects the electricity on the first electric capacity C1
Pressure, equal to 48V, is closed high-frequency PWM, is completed whole pre-charge process, it is achieved avoid main switch S1 Guan Bi or disconnection moment not to have
Red fox, it is ensured that main switch S1 and the life-span of other equipment, reduces surge current, it is ensured that the operation stress of each parts, it is ensured that
Product quality.
Concrete, above-mentioned non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter pre-charge circuit also includes the first firm power amplifier tube
Q4, the control foot of described first firm power amplifier tube Q4 is connected with controller, and described first firm power amplifier tube Q4's is defeated
Entering foot and the first battery connects, the output pin of described first firm power amplifier tube Q4 is connected with inductance L1.
Concrete, connecting between inductance L1 and the first battery and have current sampling resistor R1, this current sampling resistor R1 is respectively
Being connected with the second electric capacity C2 and controller, so, the first electric capacity C1 is entered by pre-charge current also by current sampling resistor R1
Row charging.
Further, the input of the input of the second electric capacity C2 and current sampling resistor R1 and described first battery
Positive pole between be provided with the second firm power amplifier tube Q3, the control foot of described second firm power amplifier tube Q3 and described control
Device connects, it addition, the positive pole of the input pin of described second firm power amplifier tube Q3 and the first battery connects, and described second safety
The output pin of power amplifier tube Q3 is connected, in advance with the input of the second electric capacity C2 and the input of current sampling resistor R1 respectively
Charging current can also charge to the second electric capacity C2 by the internal diode of the second firm power amplifier tube Q3.
Charge to the first electric capacity C1 at pre-charge current by inductance L1, the first firm power amplifier tube Q4 and second peace
Total power amplifier tube Q3 is constantly in off-state, and after t 1 time, controller detects the voltage on the first electric capacity C1
When being less than 2V with the voltage difference of the first battery survey, turn on the first firm power amplifier tube Q4 and the second firm power amplifier tube
The driving (setting high) of Q3, closes the first firm power amplifier tube Q4 and the second firm power amplifier tube Q3, makes the first battery straight
Receive the second electric capacity C2, the first firm power amplifier tube Q4 and the second firm power amplifier tube Q3 moment in Guan Bi in succession,
Still suffer from a little surge current (within general dozens of ampere), but this small area analysis is not over the first safe merit
The stress of rate amplifier tube Q4 and the second firm power amplifier tube Q3 requires (typically selecting the MOS of more than 100A electric current), greatly changes
It is apt to the first firm power amplifier tube Q4 and the applied environment of the second firm power amplifier tube Q3, will not be to the first firm power
Amplifier tube Q4 and the second firm power amplifier tube Q3 causes damage.
Further, it is connected between the second electric capacity C2 and the outfan of inductance L1 and has high frequency power amplifier tube Q2, described
The output pin of high frequency power amplifier tube Q2 is connected with the outfan of inductance L1, and the input pin of described high frequency power amplifier tube Q2 is respectively
It is connected with the first electric capacity C1 and the second electric capacity C2, and, the control foot of described high frequency power amplifier tube Q2 is connected with controller.
Now, after the first firm power amplifier tube Q4 and the second firm power amplifier tube Q3 Guan Bi, controller waits the t2 time, the
Having had the voltage of 12V on one electric capacity C1, this charging process is to utilize BOOST circuit operation principle, is sent by controller
High-frequency PWM drives high frequency power amplifier tube Q2, and the second power amplifier tube Q6 disconnects simultaneously, and the first power amplifier tube Q5 breaks simultaneously
Opening, the electric current of the first battery is when flowing through the second electric capacity C2, owing to the maximum voltage of the first electric capacity C2 is that 12V is (the most pre-
Maximum voltage has been reached during charging) the second electric capacity C2 only strobes, and the first electric capacity C1 is only charged by electric current, makes
Voltage on one electric capacity C1 is from 12V to 48V, when controller detects that the voltage on the first electric capacity C1, equal to 48V, is shut off high frequency
The driving of power amplifier tube Q2, so that high frequency power amplifier tube Q2 opens.
The 3rd power amplifier tube Q1 is had it addition, connect between the positive pole of the outfan of inductance L1 and the first electric capacity C1, described
The control foot of the 3rd power amplifier tube Q1 is connected with controller, the input pin of described 3rd power amplifier tube Q1 respectively with inductance L1
Outfan and the output pin of high frequency power amplifier tube Q2 connect, the output pin of described 3rd power amplifier tube Q1 is electric with first
The positive pole holding C1 connects.When the first electric capacity C1 is charged by pre-charge current, also by the body of the 3rd power amplifier tube Q1
The first electric capacity C1 charging given by interior diode.
In the present embodiment, the first above-mentioned power amplifier tube Q5 is P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the second power amplifier tube Q6 is N ditch
Road metal-oxide-semiconductor, and, described the 3rd power amplifier tube Q1, the first firm power amplifier tube Q4, the second firm power amplifier tube Q3
And high frequency power amplifier tube Q2 is respectively metal-oxide-semiconductor.
This utility model additionally provides non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter pre-charge method, including step in detail below:
Step one, the first pre-charging stage, when controller receives startup order, controller and the second power amplifier tube
The connectivity port Prec_CMD controlling foot of Q6 is set high, the second power amplifier tube Q6 Guan Bi, the first power amplifier tube Q5 simultaneously
Conducting, pre-charge current charges to the second electric capacity C2 by the first power amplifier tube Q5 and current-limiting resistance R2, is pre-charged simultaneously
Electric current charges to the first electric capacity C1 by inductance L1;
Step 2, for the first time judgement, controller judges the electricity whether voltage on the first electric capacity C1 is surveyed more than the first battery
Pressure, if the voltage on the first electric capacity C1 is not more than the voltage that the first battery is surveyed, then carries out next step, if on the first electric capacity C1
The voltage that voltage is surveyed more than the first battery, then, after waiting t1, carry out step 5;
Step 3, second time judge, controller judges that the voltage difference that the voltage on the first electric capacity C1 and the first battery are surveyed is
No less than 2V, if the voltage difference that the voltage on the first electric capacity C1 and the first battery are surveyed is less than 2V, then carry out step 5, if the first electricity
The voltage difference holding the voltage on C1 and the survey of the first battery is not less than 2V, then carry out step 5;
Step 5, third time judge, controller judges that the waiting time whether more than t2, the most then shows the preliminary filling of DC-DC
Electricity fault, if it is not, then carry out step 4;
Step 6, open the first firm power amplifier tube Q4 and the driving of the second firm power amplifier tube Q3, Guan Bi the
One firm power amplifier tube Q4 and the second firm power amplifier tube Q3, after allowing the first battery be directly connected to the second electric capacity C2,
Wait t3;
Step 7, the second pre-charging stage, send high-frequency PWM by controller and drive high frequency power amplifier tube Q2, make
After voltage on first electric capacity C1 is from 12V to 48V;
Step 8, the 4th judgement, controller judges that the voltage on the first electric capacity C1, whether not less than 48V, works as controller
Detect that the voltage on the first electric capacity C1 less than 48V, then repeats step 7, when controller detects the voltage on the first electric capacity C1
It is shut off high-frequency PWM not less than 48V to drive, thus closes high frequency power amplifier tube Q2.
Further, before carrying out step one, after needing first to be initialized by controller, controller Autonomous test DC-DC
Pre-charge circuit whether normal, if the pre-charge circuit of DC-DC is normally, carry out step one, when the pre-charge circuit of DC-DC
Time abnormal, then show the pre-charge circuit fault of DC-DC.
Same, before carrying out step 7, need to utilize controller again to detect DC-DC circuit the most normal, work as DC-
When DC is in normal condition, then carry out step 7, when DC-DC circuit is in abnormal state, then show that DC-DC circuit occurs
Fault.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned t1 be 200ms, t2 be 2s, t3 be 100ms, it is ensured that the first firm power amplifier tube
Q4 and the second firm power amplifier tube Q3 is fully on, and detects whether DC-DC circuit has exception.
It addition, described controller is DSP, certainly, in other embodiments, above-mentioned controller can be single-chip microcomputer etc..
Safe MOS in Fig. 3 drives the first firm power amplifier tube Q4 and the second safety referring in the present embodiment
The driving of power amplifier tube Q3.
Above-mentioned only further illustrate technology contents of the present utility model with embodiment, in order to reader is easier to understand,
But not representing embodiment of the present utility model and be only limitted to this, any technology done according to this utility model extends or recreation,
All by protection of the present utility model.Protection domain of the present utility model is as the criterion with claims.