CN205791697U - A kind of accumulator auto-charging and-discharging device - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model provides a kind of accumulator auto-charging and-discharging device, belong to charge and discharge device field, wherein, charge and discharge device includes single-chip microcomputer, Signal-regulated kinase, current detection module, voltage detection module, A/D modular converter, switch control module, charge control module, voltage transformation module, input module, clock module, outage detection module and communication module；Input module is used for setting the battery discharging cycle；Communication module is used for receiving external command, and accumulator charging and discharging state is passed to external communication device；The voltage and current signal needing sampling is nursed one's health by Signal-regulated kinase；Current detection module is for detecting the electric current of accumulator；Voltage detection module is for detecting the voltage of accumulator；A/D modular converter carries out analog digital conversion the voltage and current gathered；Switch control module controls battery discharging；Charge control module controls accumulator charging；Single-chip microcomputer processes for data and controls accumulator cell charging and discharging.

Description

Automatic battery charging and discharging device

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of charging and discharging devices, in particular to an automatic charging and discharging device for storage batteries.

Background technique

Since their introduction in the 1860s, batteries have been used in a wide variety of devices, including electric vehicles, various portable devices and uninterruptible power supply systems. In today's application of new energy, battery is a reusable energy storage device, and its performance and technical development have attracted widespread attention from the whole society. In the actual application of the battery, since the charging and discharging process of the battery is an extremely complex electrochemical reaction process, the battery will often be overcharged/discharged or undercharged/discharged after long-term charging and discharging, which seriously affects the use of the battery life.

During the charging process of the battery, the voltage at the two ends of the battery is less than the voltage at the two ends of the charging power supply for the battery at the initial stage. As time increases step by step, the voltage across the battery will also increase; when the voltage across the battery reaches the rated voltage specified by the battery, the voltage across the battery will not increase further. At this time, as the charging time of the battery is further extended, the charging current inside the battery will gradually decrease; when the current inside the battery reaches the minimum current specified by the battery, the current inside the battery will not decrease further. However, at this time, the power inside the battery does not stop increasing, but will further increase. If the battery is charged for a long time, it is easy to overcharge and cause damage to the battery. During the discharge process of the battery, due to the initial voltage across the battery, the voltage across the battery will gradually decrease as the discharge time prolongs; when the voltage across the battery drops to the rated voltage specified by the battery, the voltage across the battery will will not decrease further. At this time, with the further extension of the battery discharge time, the charging current inside the battery will gradually decrease; the remaining capacity inside the battery will further decrease. If the battery is discharged for a long time, it is easy to over-discharge, causing the charging time of the battery to be too long, and eventually the battery is damaged.

The traditional battery charging and discharging process is based on the human control process. The operation of charging and discharging the battery by specialized personnel in a specific environment. Doing so will not only consume a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, but will also lead to a significant reduction in battery maintenance efficiency. With the emergence and rapid development of semiconductor technology, computer technology, communication technology and corresponding processing algorithms, the charging and discharging process and maintenance of batteries are becoming more and more unmanned and intelligent. Currently used storage battery charging and discharging management devices generally manage the charging and discharging of the storage battery according to the charging and discharging curve of the storage battery and the SOC of the storage battery. The problem of doing this is that the algorithm is complex, the amount of calculation is large, the cost is relatively high, and the maintenance of the storage battery cannot be effectively realized, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the storage battery. Moreover, frequent charging and discharging will also cause damage to the battery, thereby affecting the service life of the battery. On the other hand, the battery will be used in some unattended places. If a special person is assigned to maintain it, not only the workload will be heavy, but the efficiency of battery maintenance will also be reduced.

Utility model content

The utility model needs to solve the problem that the existing storage battery cannot realize automatic charging and discharging, and provides an automatic charging and discharging device for the storage battery.

The utility model solves the above problems through the following technical solutions:

An automatic battery charge and discharge device, comprising a single chip microcomputer, a signal conditioning module, a current detection module, a voltage detection module, an A/D conversion module, a switch control module, a charging control module, a voltage conversion module, an input module, a clock module, and a power failure detection modules and communication modules;

The signal acquisition end of the external storage battery is respectively connected to the current detection module and the voltage detection module through the signal conditioning module; the output terminals of the current detection module and the voltage detection module are connected to the single-chip computer through the A/D conversion module; the clock module is connected to the single-chip computer; the input The output end of the module is connected with the single-chip microcomputer; the input end of the switch control module is connected with the single-chip microcomputer; the output end of the external storage battery is connected with the external load module through the switch control module; the input end of the charging control module is connected with the mains, and the output of the charging control module The terminal is connected to the charging terminal of the external storage battery; the signal control terminal of the charging control module is connected to the single-chip computer; one terminal of the communication module is connected to the single-chip computer, and the other terminal is wirelessly connected to the external communication device.

The utility model further includes a display module, and the input end of the display module is connected with the single-chip microcomputer.

In the above solution, it is preferred that both the current detection module and the voltage detection module are provided with a protection circuit electrically isolated from the A/D conversion, and the output end of the protection circuit is connected to the A/D conversion module.

In the above solution, preferably, the current detection module uses a Hall effect sensor as an isolation protection circuit, and simultaneously converts the output current signal of the storage battery into a voltage signal.

In the above solution, it is preferred that the main control devices in the switch control module and the charging control module are both relays, and use pulse signals to control high-current switches.

Advantage and effect of the present utility model are:

1. Through the automatic charge and discharge management of the battery, the utility model realizes the charge and discharge management of the backup batteries of some existing base stations or other equipment, further improves the life of the battery and reduces the human resources for regular maintenance of the battery;

2. Further, the utility model realizes the dormant state of the storage battery, so that the service life of the storage battery is better improved;

3. The utility model adopts the voltage division and difference circuit, which can effectively improve the anti-common mode interference ability of the battery, and adopts the voltage following voltage isolation amplification circuit scheme and the clamping protection circuit scheme, which effectively protects the safety of the single chip microcomputer ;

4. The utility model effectively saves the development cost, is simple to use, easy to operate, has a high degree of intelligence, and effectively improves the maintenance efficiency of the storage battery.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a battery automatic charging and discharging device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal conditioning module of an automatic battery charging and discharging device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a voltage detection module of an automatic battery charging and discharging device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current detection module of an automatic battery charging and discharging device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a switch control module of an automatic battery charging and discharging device of the present invention.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with embodiment the utility model is further described.

A battery automatic charging and discharging device based on the charging and discharging method, as shown in Figure 1, includes a single-chip microcomputer, a signal conditioning module, a current detection module, a voltage detection module, an A/D conversion module, a switch control module, a charging control module, and a voltage conversion module, input module, clock module, power failure detection module, display module and communication module.

The signal acquisition terminal of the external storage battery is respectively connected with the current detection module and the voltage detection module through the signal conditioning module; the output terminals of the current detection module and the voltage detection module are connected with the I/O of the single chip microcomputer through the A/D conversion module. Both the current detection module and the voltage detection module are provided with a protection circuit electrically isolated from the A/D conversion, and the output end of the protection circuit is connected to the A/D conversion module. The current detection module uses a Hall effect sensor as an isolation protection circuit, and at the same time converts the output current signal of the battery into a voltage signal. After the output voltage and output current of the storage battery pass through the signal conditioning module, they are respectively input to the voltage detection module and the current detection module. After passing through the A/D conversion module, they are input to the single-chip microcomputer. Using the built-in A/D converter component on the single-chip microcomputer, different A/D conversion modules can be used according to the accuracy required by the user, so that the user can choose a device that is more suitable for him.

The clock module is connected with the single-chip microcomputer. The clock module adopts DS1302 series chips, which are used for setting and reading and writing operations of date and discharge cycle, and mainly provide time setting and time reference for the single-chip microcomputer. The output end of the input module is connected with the single-chip microcomputer, and the main keyboard module of the input module can be a membrane keyboard, a key keyboard or an independent key. The input terminal of the display module is connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the touch screen display device or non-touch screen display device is mainly used to display parameters such as time, voltage and current.

The input terminal of the switch control module is connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the output terminal of the external storage battery is connected with the external load module through the switch control module, and the pulse signal is used to control the high current switch to realize the automatic discharge of the external storage battery. The other output end of the external storage battery is connected to the single-chip microcomputer, signal conditioning module, current detection module, voltage detection module, A/D conversion module, switch control module, input module, clock module and display module to supply power through the voltage conversion module.

The display module is mainly responsible for the display of the interface for friendly interaction with customers. The interface display includes the display of the welcome interface, the display of the current time setting interface, the display of the discharge cycle interface, the display of the battery charging interface, the display of the battery discharge interface, the display of the battery discharge voltage and discharge current interface. Users can set the current time and discharge cycle through these interfaces, switch between these interfaces, and also obtain the discharge status and discharge parameters of the battery.

The signal conditioning module, as shown in Figure 2, is a voltage divider and differential circuit structure, which is responsible for collecting the real-time terminal voltage and real-time terminal current of the battery. By adopting an appropriate voltage division ratio, the terminal voltage of the storage battery is reduced to a safe range that the single-chip microcomputer can receive. The battery terminal voltage is directly mounted to both ends of the difference seeking circuit through the load resistor, which can improve the ability to suppress common-mode interference. The signal conditioning module is shown in FIG. 3 , and this embodiment is a schematic structural diagram of a four-way voltage division and difference calculation circuit. Take the voltage division and difference seeking circuit of the first circuit as an example to illustrate how the circuit divides the voltage and seeks the difference. The analysis of the other three circuits is the same. It can be known from the basic knowledge of analog circuits: when R14/R11=R13/R12, the output voltage can be simplified as: Vo1=(R14/R11)(V _in1+ -V _in2+ ). It can be seen from this formula that (V _in1+ -V _in2+ ) is used to calculate the difference between the voltages across R1, and the difference can be divided by properly selecting the values of R14, R11, R13 and R12.

The voltage detection module, as shown in Figure 3, is a voltage-voltage conversion circuit, which is responsible for collecting the real-time terminal voltage of the battery, where the real-time terminal voltage includes the battery cell voltage and the total battery voltage. After passing through the signal conditioning module, the terminal voltage of the storage battery is input to one end of the isolation amplifier through a voltage follower, and the output end of the isolation amplifier is connected to the A/D conversion module after passing through another voltage follower. Among them, the role of the isolation amplifier is to isolate the input voltage and output voltage at its two ends, and can transmit voltage at a ratio of 1:1. A clamp protection circuit is provided at the input end of the first stage voltage follower to prevent the single chip from being burned out. As shown in FIG. 3 , it is a schematic diagram of a voltage detection module of this embodiment. Vin is the voltage output in the signal conditioning circuit, which is connected to the positive terminal of operational amplifier 1, the negative terminal of operational amplifier 1 is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier 1, the output terminal of operational amplifier is connected to the input terminal of the isolation amplifier, and the isolation amplifier The output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the positive terminal (6) of the operational amplifier 2, the negative terminal of the operational amplifier 2 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 2, and the output terminal Vout of the operational amplifier 2 is connected to the corresponding IO port of the single-chip microcomputer.

The current detection module, as shown in Figure 4, is a current-voltage conversion circuit structure, which is responsible for converting the real-time terminal current of the battery into a voltage signal. After proper voltage division, it is input to the A/D conversion module. On the conversion interface, there is a clamp protection circuit to prevent the microcontroller from being burned due to excessive voltage; and during the current-voltage conversion process, the input current and output voltage are isolated, which can effectively protect the microcontroller. As shown in FIG. 5 , it is a schematic diagram of the current detection circuit of this embodiment. The current measurement chip used in this embodiment is ACS712. The positive or negative end of the battery is connected to pin 1 and pin 2 of ACS712 through Slide1, while pin 3 and pin 4 are connected to one side of Slide2, or connected to pin 3 and pin 4 of ACS712 through Slide2, while pin 1 and pin 2 The pin is connected to one side of Slide1 to ensure that Slide1 and Slide2 are connected to the connection at one end of the battery, so that when the battery is charging or discharging, current flows through the ACS712. The output of the ACS712 is divided by R1 and R2, and then output to the IO port of the microcontroller. Among them, BAT54SW series devices are used as clamp protection circuit.

The switch control module, as shown in Figure 5, is a circuit module mainly composed of relay groups, and is mainly used for charging and discharging control of the storage battery. It is the switch control module of this embodiment. Under the control of the single-chip microcomputer, when both the relay S1 and the relay S2 are closed, the charging power supply can be connected to the battery for charging; when the relay S1 is open and the relay S2 is closed, the battery can be disconnected from the charging power supply, and It is only connected to the discharge load to realize discharge. And when both the relay S1 and the relay S2 are turned on, the storage battery is in a dormant state.

The high-current input terminal of the charging control module is connected to the mains, and the other output terminal is connected to the battery, which mainly completes the charging control of the battery. Among them, the charging control module also includes a step-down and inverter circuit, which is used to convert the alternating current of the mains into a direct current, and lower the voltage to the charging voltage required by the storage battery.

The voltage conversion module is composed of a DC-DC module and a step-down regulated power supply device. The DC-DC module is responsible for converting the input voltage into the voltage value required by other modules. The operating voltages of some devices in the modules involved in the utility model are different, and different step-down stabilized power supply devices are required to supply power to these devices to ensure the normal operation of the entire device.

The input module is mainly composed of buttons, responsible for the setting of the current discharge time and the setting of the discharge cycle, as well as the switching function of the above two interfaces and the switching function of the battery detection interface to the above two interfaces. The button can be connected to a pull-up resistor or a pull-down resistor. Buttons can be touch-screen or non-touch-screen.

The preferred embodiment of the utility model has been described in detail above, but the utility model is not limited to the embodiment, and those skilled in the art can also make various equivalents without violating the inventive spirit of the utility model. Modifications or replacements, and these equivalent modifications or replacements are all included within the scope of this application.

Claims (5)

1. an accumulator auto-charging and-discharging device, it is characterised in that: include single-chip microcomputer, Signal-regulated kinase, current detecting mould Block, voltage detection module, A/D modular converter, switch control module, charge control module, voltage transformation module, input module, Clock module, outage detection module and communication module；

The signals collecting end of outside storage battery is connected with current detection module and voltage detection module respectively through Signal-regulated kinase； The outfan of current detection module and voltage detection module is all connected with single-chip microcomputer through A/D modular converter；Clock module and monolithic Machine connects；The outfan of input module is connected with single-chip microcomputer；The input of switch control module is connected with single-chip microcomputer；Outside storage electricity Pond one outfan is connected with external loading module through switch control module；The input of charge control module electrically connects with city, fills The outfan of electric control module is connected with the charging end of outside storage battery；The signal of charge control module controls end with single-chip microcomputer even Connect；Communication module one end is connected with single-chip microcomputer, the other end and external communication device wireless connections.

A kind of accumulator auto-charging and-discharging device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: also include display module, The input of display module is connected with single-chip microcomputer.

A kind of accumulator auto-charging and-discharging device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described current detection module It is provided with and the protection circuit of A/D conversion electrical isolation, the outfan of protection circuit and A/D modulus of conversion with voltage detection module Block connects.

A kind of accumulator auto-charging and-discharging device the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described current detection module Use hall effect sensor as isolation protective circuit, accumulator output current signal is converted into voltage signal simultaneously.

A kind of accumulator auto-charging and-discharging device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described switch control module It is relay with the Themaincontroller in charge control module, uses pulse signal to control high-current switch.