CN205744551U - A kind of automatic temperature-regulating fan control system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic temperature-regulating fan control system, which specifically includes a DC fan, a single-chip microcomputer, a real-time clock module, a temperature acquisition module, a matrix keyboard module, an infrared sensor module, a liquid crystal display module, an indicator light display module, a voice receiving module and Wireless remote control module. The system uses a temperature sensor to monitor the ambient temperature of the fan, and compares it with the temperature set by the user or adopts an automatic mode to control the DC fan speed to make corresponding adjustments according to the temperature change. The DC fan adopts a DC motor with a speed measuring code disc , the single-chip microcomputer can detect the speed of the motor through the speed measuring code disc. At the same time, the system integrates various functions such as infrared pyroelectric human body induction, voice broadcast, real-time clock, and long-distance wireless remote control, which greatly enhances the intelligence of the temperature-regulating fan. It has a good application prospect, and it is also an effective attempt of smart home in household electric fans.

Description

An automatic temperature-regulating fan control system

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of smart home, in particular to an automatic temperature-regulating fan control system.

Background technique

Electric fans are the most commonly used items in human life, and are equipped with electric fans in every family. However, the electric fan still encounters a lot of problems in the use process, that is, when the electric fan is used at night, the temperature will generally drop at night, and it will be the lowest at two to three in the morning, but at this time, people are in deep sleep. time. People often lack awareness and don't turn off the fan. Usually the fan runs until the next morning. Existing electric fans generally adopt manual pole adjustment. When the air temperature changes, especially at night, when the air temperature drops and the speed of the electric fan needs to be reduced, manual adjustment is very inconvenient, and the speed cannot be selected arbitrarily. This has not only wasted electric energy, but also easily causes people to catch a cold and catch a cold easily. Especially at the turn of spring and summer and the turn of summer and autumn, the temperature difference between day and night is very large, which is especially easy to cause people to catch a cold.

In daily life, we see smart cloud TVs, smart inverter air conditioners, etc., but ignore the smart improvement of household electric fans. Although people's living standards have been greatly improved, electric fans are still an essential cooling appliance for every household in summer due to their characteristics such as easy installation and portability, low price, energy saving and power saving. However, most of the electric fans on the market today are still built with pure hardware circuits, which have disadvantages such as single function, poor intelligence, and poor user experience. Therefore, it has very important application value and research to effectively improve household electric fans, add advanced software algorithms, improve comfort and intelligence, and enable more users to experience the convenience and comfort brought by high-tech development to life. significance.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an automatic temperature-regulating fan control system. The system is based on an ordinary fan, and a control device is added to realize high-precision control of the fan speed, which improves the intelligence of the fan. It has a good application prospect, and it is also an effective attempt of smart home in household fans.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: an automatic temperature-regulating fan control system, which is characterized in that it includes a DC fan and a single-chip microcomputer, and the DC fan is externally connected to a 12-volt power supply for power supply. There is a 5V power step-down module between the power supplies, and a closed-loop control is formed between the DC fan and the microcontroller; it also includes a real-time clock module, a temperature acquisition module, a matrix keyboard module, an infrared sensor module, a liquid crystal display module, an indicator light display module and a voice The receiving module, wherein the real-time clock module is equipped with a backup battery power supply, and the real-time clock module is connected with three pins of the single-chip microcomputer to provide the current time in real time; the temperature acquisition module adopts a digital temperature sensor and is connected with the single-chip microcomputer for real-time collection of the surrounding environment for the single-chip microcomputer The temperature of the environment; the matrix keyboard module is equipped with 8 IO pins, which control 16 buttons, and is connected to the IO interface of the single-chip microcomputer to provide the temperature control command input by the user for the single-chip microcomputer; the infrared sensor module uses an infrared pyroelectric sensor for the single-chip microcomputer. Whether the user is in front of the DC fan; the liquid crystal display module is used to display the DC fan speed, ambient temperature and current time according to the information sent by the single-chip microcomputer; the indicator light display module is connected with the single-chip microcomputer to reflect the current operating status of the DC fan; The voice receiving module is connected with the single-chip microcomputer, and is used for voice broadcasting the operating status of the DC fan.

The above-mentioned system is further supplemented, and a closed-loop control is formed between the DC fan and the single-chip microcomputer, that is, the single-chip microcomputer collects the rotating speed of the motor in the DC fan in real time, and a metal oxide half-field-effect transistor is set on the DC fan and the single-chip microcomputer at the same time, and the DC fan is controlled by the single-chip microcomputer. The rotation speed provides the operation strategy.

As a further supplement to the above system, the motor of the DC fan is a code disc motor.

As a further supplement to the above system, it also includes a wireless remote control module, the wireless remote control module includes a wireless receiver module and a wireless transmitter module, wherein the wireless receiver module is connected to the pins of the single-chip microcomputer, and the wireless transmitter module and the wireless receiver module Data transmission is carried out through wireless radio frequency, so as to realize the control of the switch, gear position and whether to start the automatic mode of the DC fan.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above technical solution is that: the temperature sensor of this system can accurately collect the current ambient temperature, so that the DC fan has the ability to "perceive" the current ambient temperature, which provides a prerequisite for the realization of the intelligence of the DC fan; The system can use the timer/counter of the single-chip microcomputer to collect the motor speed in real time. After the fuzzy PID control algorithm, the timer generates PWM pulses with different duty ratios to adjust the fan speed, so that the fan motor can achieve fast, no static error, and high precision. Set the speed; this system can set various operating modes such as fixed-speed operation, temperature operation and independent operation for the DC fan, which meets the different needs of users and greatly improves the intelligence and comfort of the DC fan; in this system The pyroelectric infrared sensor detects whether there is a user within a certain range. When there is a user, the fan will automatically start. Remote control DC fan. Effectively control the start/stop, gear switching, and operating mode switching functions of the DC fan. The use of the entire system improves the intelligence of the fan and has a good application prospect. It is also an effective attempt for smart homes in household fans.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the utility model is described in further detail;

Fig. 1 is the structural composition schematic diagram of the present utility model.

detailed description

The utility model specifically relates to an automatic temperature-regulating fan control system, which is used for controlling the rotating speed of a 12V DC fan and realizing intelligent control. According to accompanying drawing 1, the utility model specifically comprises a DC fan, a single-chip microcomputer, a real-time clock module, a temperature acquisition module, a matrix keyboard module, an infrared sensor module, a liquid crystal display module, an indicator light display module, a voice receiving module and a wireless remote control module.

In this system, the single-chip microcomputer is the core of the whole system, and all information is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer, and after being processed by the single-chip microcomputer, it is transmitted to the corresponding module to complete the corresponding action. It is precisely because of the existence of the "nerve center" of the single-chip microcomputer that many hardwares are organically combined to form an automatic temperature-adjusting fan control system.

The system is powered by 12V power supply, which is converted from 220V, 50Hz household AC power to 12V voltage through a 12V adapter to provide power for the entire system. Among them, the 12V power supply directly supplies power to the DC fan, and at the same time supplies power to the single-chip microcomputer, various sensors and control modules through the 5V power step-down module.

The single-chip main controller is the core device of the whole system, and the selection of the single-chip model determines the performance of the whole system. The main functions that the single-chip main controller needs to complete in this system are as follows:

(1) receiving the ambient temperature collected by the temperature sensor module;

(2) Measure the speed of the fan motor, and combine the fuzzy PID control algorithm to generate the corresponding PWM waveform to control the motor speed;

(3) Receive the signal transmitted by the wireless remote control receiver, and respond to the remote control operation of the user;

(4) Receive the infrared sensor module, automatically start the DC fan when there is a user within 100° in front of the fan, and automatically turn off the DC fan when the user leaves;

(5) Receive the data of the matrix keyboard, and make a response action when the user presses the keyboard;

(6) Control the liquid crystal display module and the LED indicator to display the current running status of the DC fan in real time;

(7) control the real time clock module to collect the current time;

(8) Control the voice module, perform voice broadcast on the running status of the DC fan, and perform voice broadcast when the system responds to user operations. At the same time, when the user needs to record, the recording of the user's audio message can be completed and the recording can be played.

Since the single-chip microcomputer, each sensor and other control modules are powered by 5V, it is necessary to further reduce the 12V voltage to 5V. Considering that the 12V voltage is converted by the power adapter through 220V AC, and the 12V power adapter is generally a switching power supply, the 12V voltage will have a lot of ripples, so the 5V power step-down module should avoid using switching regulators, and must use linear regulators device, and connect necessary filtering and decoupling capacitors at the input and output ends of the voltage regulator device to eliminate voltage ripple. Considering the above problems, this system uses LM7805 linear regulator as the main device of the 5V step-down module.

This system does not need to perform complex arithmetic operations, nor does it need to run an operating system. Considering the number of pins, timer and counter functions, interrupt mechanism, price factors and the difficulty of software development, this system is the most widely used and cheap , ATMEL company's 89C52 single-chip microcomputer, which is easy for software development, is used as the main controller of the system.

The temperature acquisition module is also an important component of the system. The acquisition speed and accuracy of the temperature acquisition module determine the speed and accuracy of the entire system control. The temperature acquisition module collects the temperature of the surrounding environment and transmits it to the main controller of the single chip microcomputer for processing. There are two ways to collect temperature. One is to convert the temperature into the resistance value of the thermistor through the thermistor. The resistance value corresponds to different voltage values. The single-chip computer converts the analog voltage value into a digital value through A/D conversion. , to complete the temperature collection. Another way is to use a digital temperature sensor, which can directly convert the temperature value into a digital quantity, and the single-chip microcomputer can directly read out the digital quantity collected by the digital temperature sensor according to a certain communication protocol, thereby completing the temperature collection. The single-chip microcomputer with its own A/D converter is relatively expensive, and a separate A/D conversion chip is also expensive. Moreover, the accuracy of measuring the ambient temperature through the thermistor is not high. In view of this, the temperature acquisition module of this system uses a digital temperature sensor, and the DS1B20 temperature sensor is widely used, with high precision, wide range, simple wiring, and easy software implementation, which has become the first choice for the temperature acquisition module of this system.

This system uses a 12V DC motor (ASLONGRF371) with its own speed measuring code disc, and installs fan blades on the motor to form the DC fan of this system. The motor can output 334 rectangular pulses per revolution, and the real-time detection of the motor speed can be realized by counting the pulses.

The principle of speed regulation of the DC motor in this system is based on the regulation of the PWM rectangular pulse duty cycle. The system uses a 12V DC motor, and the single-chip microcomputer cannot directly drive the motor, and the motor needs to be driven by a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET tube). This system selects IRF1010N-channel MOSFET tube, the minimum breakdown voltage is 60V, the maximum conduction current is 84A under the condition of 25°C, the gate and source threshold voltage is 2.0V～4.0V, and the conduction resistance is 25mΩ, which fully meets System Requirements.

Real-time clock module: The system function requires real-time display of the current time, so it is necessary to select an appropriate real-time clock chip. The DS1302 clock chip can count seconds, minutes, hours, months, weeks, and years, and the year count can reach 2100 years. The single-chip microcomputer can complete the control through three pins, and the chip is equipped with dual power supply. In addition to the normal function of the system, a backup battery power supply is designed for the chip to ensure that the DS1302 chip can still work normally and update in real time when the system is powered off. time.

Matrix keyboard module: the system function requires the user to set the temperature adjustment of the DC fan, and at the same time, the voice module can be used to record and play the message, and the time display also requires the user to adjust the current time, all of which require the system to provide input Interface equipment, the user can input control commands to the single-chip controller through the input interface. The system considers that when key input is used, many keys need to be used. If the independent keyboard mode is used, although the programming is simple, each key needs to be assigned an IO pin of the single-chip microcomputer, resulting in waste of resources. In the matrix keyboard mode, only 8 IO pins are needed to control 16 keys, which greatly saves the IO resources of the single-chip microcomputer, and is the first choice for the input interface device of this system.

Infrared sensor module: This system can realize that when the user is within a certain range in front of the DC fan, the DC fan can be automatically started. In order to realize this function, the system considers adopting the infrared sensor module. The general infrared sensor can only judge whether there is an obstruction in front of the fan, and the fan will be activated when there is an obstruction. In this case, if the person in front of the fan is not a user but an item, the fan may have a risk of misjudgment. Based on the above considerations, the system uses an infrared pyroelectric sensor (HC-SR501). The sensor is based on the principle of detecting the infrared radiation released by the human body. Only when there is a person in front of it will the judgment be triggered, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of misjudgment and realize the effective judgment of whether there is a DC fan within the range of less than 5 meters and 100° cone angle. User functions.

Liquid crystal display module: the system function requirements can display the speed of the DC fan, the ambient temperature and the current time in real time. The most widely used and the easiest way to operate is the 8-digit digital tube display, but the digital tube is relatively lacking in aesthetics and is easily damaged. Once any light-emitting diode in the digital tube is damaged, the entire display effect will be affected. Although 12864 liquid crystal display or TFT color display has gorgeous display effect and can display numbers, letters and Chinese characters, etc., its price is more expensive, and this system does not need to display Chinese characters. Therefore, in combination with display aesthetics, display effect, and easy realization of hardware and software, the system adopts LCD1602 liquid crystal display module, which is small in size and adjustable in backlight. It is easy to operate and has obvious advantages compared with the digital tube. It is the first choice for the liquid crystal display module of this system.

Indicator light display module: In addition to displaying temperature, speed and current time, the system also requires that the current running gear status can be intuitively reflected when the fan is running at a constant speed. When the system uses the voice module to record and play messages It can also visually display the running status. The liquid crystal display module is somewhat lacking in intuitiveness, and LED light-emitting diodes can simply and intuitively display the operating status of the system, so the system uses several LED light-emitting diodes as display devices for system operating status.

Voice module: The system requires the voice to announce the running status of the fan. At the same time, users can also record and leave messages to other users through the voice module, and other users can play the recorded messages. These functions require that the selected voice module can not only perform voice broadcast, but also record. There are many kinds of voice modules, and WTB015, which is widely used in electric vehicles, is one of them. However, WTB015 can only perform voice broadcast and cannot record, which obviously does not meet the system requirements. The ISD4004 voice module can not only perform voice broadcast, but also record, and its recording time can reach 8 to 16 minutes, and it can communicate with the microcontroller through the SPI bus, which is easy to operate and fully meets the system requirements.

Wireless remote control module (receiver, transmitter): The system requires the user to remotely control the switch, gear position and whether to start the automatic mode of the DC fan. There are many wireless communication modules on the market, ranging from long-distance GSM/GPRS communication, to low-power Zigbee communication, and wireless serial ports. However, the above-mentioned wireless communication technologies are all used to transmit numbers and characters with a certain amount of data, and since this system only transmits the switching values "0" and "1" wirelessly, it does not need to transmit a large amount of data if there is a button pressed. Data, and the communication distance can reach 50m, so choose the wireless radio frequency module PT2262/PT2272 to transmit the switching value. The hardware wiring of PT2262 and PT2272 is simple, and the switching value is transmitted directly. When a pin of the PT2262 transmitter becomes low or high, the corresponding pin of the PT2272 receiver will also change accordingly. The wireless communication module does not need programming , directly connect the interface with the IO pin of the microcontroller, and the communication distance can reach 50m, which meets the system requirements.

The innovation of this system is that it greatly improves the intelligence of the electric fan, realizes precise and effective control of the fan speed through fuzzy PID, and adds a variety of functions, which changes people's understanding of household fans and improves the use of fans comfort and user experience. At the same time, the mutual interference of different voltages on the circuit is fully considered in the circuit hardware design, and the stability, safety and anti-interference of the hardware circuit are guaranteed by adding filter decoupling capacitors, current limiting resistors, and single-point grounding operations. sex. After testing, the system is running stably, and all functions are running normally, and good results have been achieved.

Claims (4)

1. an automatic temperature-regulating fan control system, it is characterised in that include DC fan and single-chip microcomputer, described DC fan External 12 volts of power supplys are powered, and are provided with 5 volts of power voltage step down modules between single-chip microcomputer and 12 volts of power supplys, DC fan and single-chip microcomputer it Between formed closed loop control；Also include real-time clock module, temperature collect module, matrix keyboard module, infrared sensor module, liquid Brilliant display module, display lamp display module and speech reception module, wherein real-time clock module is furnished with reserce cell power supply, in real time Three pins of clock module and single-chip microcomputer are connected, and provide current time in real time；Temperature collect module uses digital temperature to pass Sensor, is connected with single-chip microcomputer, for the temperature for single-chip microcomputer Real-time Collection surrounding；Matrix keyboard module is provided with 8 IO and draws Foot, controls 16 buttons, is connected with single-chip microcomputer I/O interface, provides user the temperature control instruction of input for single-chip microcomputer；Infrared biography Sensor module uses pyroelectric infrared sensor, for whether being positioned at the instruction in direct current electric fan front by user for single-chip microcomputer； LCD MODULE, the information sent according to single-chip microcomputer, it is used for showing direct current fan speed, ambient temperature and current time；Refer to Show that lamp display module is connected with single-chip microcomputer, be used for reacting DC fan current operating conditions；Speech reception module is with single-chip microcomputer even Connect, for voice broadcast DC fan running status.

A kind of automatic temperature-regulating fan control system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described DC fan with Form the rotating speed of motor in closed loop control, i.e. single-chip microcomputer Real-time Collection DC fan between single-chip microcomputer, simultaneously DC fan with Single-chip microcomputer arranges metal-oxide half field effect transistor, and the rotating speed being DC fan by single-chip microcomputer provides operating strategy.

A kind of automatic temperature-regulating fan control system the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the electricity of described DC fan Machine is code-disc motor.

A kind of automatic temperature-regulating fan control system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include wireless remote control mould Block, described wireless remote control module includes transceiver module and wireless transmitter module, wherein transceiver module with The pin of single-chip microcomputer connects, and is carried out data transmission by less radio-frequency between wireless transmitter module and wireless receiving module, it is achieved To switch, the gear of DC fan and whether start automatic mode and be controlled.