CN205529956U - Broadband sound absorption cell board - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a broadband sound-absorbing unit board, which belongs to the field of sound absorption and noise reduction. The sound-absorbing unit board mainly includes a sound-insulating panel cavity, a resonant thin plate or a resonant film, a perforated or micro-perforated plate, an aluminum fiber board and a shell. Micro-perforated plate, resonant thin plate or resonant film and sound insulation plate cavity, the shell is packaged on the periphery of the other four sides except the front and back of the unit plate. The sound absorption frequency bandwidth of the sound absorption unit plate of the utility model, especially the sound absorption effect in the low frequency range is greatly improved; the structure is simple, the weight is light, and it is easy to process and manufacture; the application range is wide, and it can be applied to indoor walls, outdoor sound barriers, trains, etc. Noise reduction on platforms, along railway lines, etc.

Description

A broadband sound-absorbing unit board

technical field

The utility model relates to a wide-band sound-absorbing unit plate, in particular to a composite panel which combines low-frequency sound absorption of resonant thin plates or resonant films, low-frequency sound absorption of perforated or micro-perforated plates, and medium and high-frequency sound absorption of porous fiber sound-absorbing structures. A sound-absorbing structure belongs to the field of sound-absorbing and noise-reducing.

Background technique

Noise pollution not only seriously interferes with people's daily life, but also endangers health if exposed to noise for a long time. With the rapid development of high-speed railways in my country, vehicles are traveling faster and faster. Noise reduction facilities need to be arranged along the railway and in the platform area, such as installing sound barriers on both sides of the high-speed railway and installing sound-absorbing panels in the platform.

Porous sound-absorbing materials are commonly used sound-absorbing and noise-reducing materials, including foam sound-absorbing materials and fiber-absorbing materials. The sound absorption principle of porous sound-absorbing materials is that sound waves are incident into porous sound-absorbing materials, causing air movement in the pores. Due to the friction and viscosity of the air near the hole wall, part of the air is converted into heat energy; at the same time, the sound waves are reflected multiple times in the pores. , so that the sound energy gradually decays. Common fiber sound-absorbing materials include glass wool, asbestos, rock wool, and metal fiber materials. The aluminum fiber board made of aluminum fiber and aluminum expanded mesh has excellent physical and chemical properties such as corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and water repellency. Document "Material properties and application of aluminum fiber sound-absorbing panels" (Zhong Xiangzhang, Mo Fangshuo. Material properties and applications of aluminum fiber sound-absorbing panels [J]. New Building Materials, 2000(11): 18-22) The sound absorption coefficient of the aluminum fiber board with different thickness cavities was compared, and the change of the sound absorption coefficient of the aluminum fiber board after watering and dusting was compared and tested. It was found that water and dust had little effect on the sound absorption coefficient of the aluminum fiber board.

The perforated plate sound-absorbing structure utilizes the Helmholtz resonance sound-absorbing principle, which has the advantage of low sound-absorbing frequency, but because of the small sound resistance, the sound-absorbing frequency band is narrow; the micro-perforated sound-absorbing structure proposed by Mr. The advantages of wide frequency band and high sound absorption coefficient. Perforated plates and micro-perforated plates are simple in structure and easy to process, and have been widely used in the design of various sound-absorbing structures. The walls of the anechoic chamber or semi-anechoic chamber are all made of sound-absorbing materials with wedge structure. The wedge structure can form a transition zone between the air and the sound-absorbing material, and the equivalent acoustic impedance of the wedge gradually increases from the air to the sound-absorbing material, which helps sound waves enter the sound-absorbing material; at the same time, the wedge structure increases sound absorption The surface area is large, and the sound wave will be reflected multiple times between the wedges, which can effectively improve the sound absorption efficiency.

The thin plate or film is tensioned and fixed on the sealed frame structure to form a resonant sound-absorbing structure. Near the resonant frequency of the structure, the vibration of the thin plate or film is the strongest, the energy loss due to friction is the largest, and the sound absorption coefficient is also the largest at this time. The resonant sound absorption frequency of the thin plate is generally 80-300Hz, and the resonant sound absorption frequency of the film is 200-2000Hz. The resonant sound absorption frequency band of a thin plate or film is narrow, increasing the damping can broaden the bandwidth, but at the same time it will reduce the sound absorption coefficient.

None of the above-mentioned sound-absorbing materials or structures can satisfy the broadband sound-absorbing effect, but their respective sound-absorbing frequency ranges are different. Therefore, designing a structure that combines multiple sound-absorbing principles can achieve the broadband sound-absorbing effect.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to solve the problem of narrow sound-absorbing frequency band faced by existing sound-absorbing materials or structures, and to provide a wide-band sound-absorbing unit board combining multiple sound-absorbing principles.

The purpose of this utility model is accomplished through the following technical solutions:

A broadband sound-absorbing unit board, the sound-absorbing unit board mainly includes a sound-insulating board cavity, a resonant thin plate or a resonant film, a perforated or micro-perforated board, an aluminum fiber board and a shell, etc., and the sound-absorbing unit board has a layered The structure consists of aluminum fiber board, perforated or micro-perforated board, resonant thin plate or resonant film and sound insulation board cavity from the front to the back. The shell is packaged on the periphery of the other four sides except the front and back of the unit board.

The sound-insulating panel chamber is made of sound-insulating panels and is in the shape of a box. The resonant thin plate or resonant film covers (or seals) the side facing the front of the unit plate (ie, the sound source). Resonance absorbs low frequency sound.

The sound insulation board cavity is made of sound insulation board with excellent sound insulation performance and structural strength. The sound insulation board and resonance thin board can be wood board, metal board, glass fiber reinforced plastic or PC plastic, etc. The resonance film can be soft film ceiling, PE film, PVF film or PET film, etc.

Furthermore, the cavity of the sound insulation board can also be filled with fiber sound-absorbing materials such as glass wool, rock wool, mineral wool, etc., but it is not in contact with the resonant thin plate or resonant film.

The perforated or micro-perforated plate is arranged on the outside of the resonant thin plate or resonant film, and its cross-section is zigzag or wavy. The sound absorption frequency range of the perforated or micro-perforated plate is slightly higher than that of the resonant thin plate or resonant film, further broadening the sound absorption bandwidth of the low frequency band.

There are certain gaps between the resonant thin plate or resonant film and the perforated or micro-perforated plate, and between the perforated or micro-perforated plate and the aluminum fiber plate. There is a certain distance between the perforated or micro-perforated plate and the resonant thin plate or resonant film, and the specific position is adjusted according to the actual required noise reduction frequency range to achieve the best effect. The aluminum fiber board is on the outermost layer, facing the direction of the sound source, and there is a certain distance between the perforated or micro-perforated board. The specific distance is adjusted according to the actual noise reduction frequency range to achieve the best effect. The aluminum fiber board with a certain thickness cavity is used to absorb medium and high frequency noise, and the aluminum fiber board can also prevent dust from entering the interior of the unit board.

The shell firmly fixes the upper, lower, left and right sides of the sound insulation board cavity, resonant thin plate or resonant film, perforated or micro-perforated plate, aluminum fiber plate, etc., and encapsulates the entire sound-absorbing structure into a flat cuboid shape. The shell is made of color steel plate, aluminum alloy and other materials.

The upper and lower parts of the housing can be designed as a concave-convex nesting structure to improve the stability of the upper and lower combination of multiple unit boards and meet the requirements of sound barriers or sound-absorbing walls of different heights.

The above-mentioned broadband sound-absorbing unit board is single-sided sound-absorbing, and can also be designed as double-sided sound-absorbing. The two sides of the double-sided sound-absorbing structure can be made into a symmetrical structure, or can be designed as an asymmetrical structure according to the actual noise situation. The two sides of the double-sided sound-absorbing structure can share the sound insulation board on the back.

The utility model is composed of thin plate resonance or film resonance sound-absorbing structure, perforated or micro-perforated sound-absorbing board, aluminum fiber sound-absorbing board and other three parts, and the sound-absorbing structure is combined and fixed by the shell. The resonant thin plate or resonant film covers the mouth of the sound insulation board, and seals with the sound insulation board cavity to form a resonant sound absorption structure. The cavity can only be sealed with air, or can be filled with an appropriate amount of porous sound absorption material. There is a perforated or micro-perforated plate in front of the resonant thin plate or resonant film, and the perforated or micro-perforated plate is in a jagged or wavy shape; there is a layer of aluminum fiber board in front of the perforated or micro-perforated plate, and the aluminum fiber board is facing the direction of the noise source. The utility model utilizes the low-frequency sound absorption of the resonant thin plate or the resonant film and the perforated or micro-perforated plate and the medium and high frequency sound absorption of the aluminum fiber board to realize the wide-band sound absorption effect of the whole structure.

Working principle of the utility model:

The utility model combines the low-frequency sound absorption of the resonant thin plate or resonant film, the low-frequency sound absorption of the perforated or micro-perforated plate, and the medium and high-frequency sound absorption of the porous fiber sound-absorbing structure, and realizes the sound-absorbing effect of wide frequency band. Since the resonant sound-absorbing structure has the disadvantage of narrow sound-absorbing bandwidth, resonant thin plates or resonant films and perforated or micro-perforated plates are used to further broaden the low-frequency sound-absorbing bandwidth. The perforated or micro-perforated panels are designed in a sawtooth or wavy shape, and the sound absorption coefficient is improved by using the principle of the wedge structure. The aluminum fiber board with a certain cavity is used to absorb medium and high frequency noise, and prevent dust from entering the interior of the unit board.

Advantage of the utility model:

The utility model utilizes various sound-absorbing and noise-reducing measures, and combines the sound-absorbing frequency ranges of various measures to realize the purpose of wide-band sound-absorbing, especially improving the sound-absorbing effect in the low-frequency range. The utility model does not need to use glass wool, rock wool, etc. that may cause dust pollution, and even if it is used, it will be filled in the thin plate resonance or film resonance structure, and will not enter the surrounding air. The sound-absorbing frequency bandwidth of the wide-band sound-absorbing unit plate of the utility model is greatly improved, especially the sound-absorbing effect in the low-frequency band; the utility model has a simple structure, is easy to process and manufacture, is light in weight, and has a wide range of applications, and can be used for indoor noise reduction Noise reduction; use fire-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials to design various structures, and can also be used to make outdoor sound barriers, sound-absorbing walls under railway platforms, etc.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the broadband sound-absorbing unit panel of the present invention (the side has not been sealed yet).

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the broadband sound-absorbing unit panel of the present invention, and Fig. 2-1 is a partially enlarged view of Fig. 2 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the double-sided sound-absorbing structure of the present invention.

Main reference signs:

1 Sound insulation panel 2 Vibration insulation panel cavity

3 Resonant thin plate or membrane 4 Perforated or microperforated plate

5 Aluminum fiberboard 6 Housing

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present utility model is described further.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, they are a schematic structural diagram and a cross-sectional view of the broadband sound-absorbing unit panel of the present invention, and Figure 2-1 is a partially enlarged view of Figure 2. The main body of the sound-absorbing unit panel of the present utility model mainly includes a thin plate Resonant or thin-film resonant sound-absorbing structure, perforated or micro-perforated plate 4, aluminum fiber plate 5, shell 6, etc., made of sound-insulating plate 1 and box-shaped sound-insulating cavity 2, the sound-insulating plate on the side facing the sound source The mouth of cavity 2 is covered with a resonant thin plate or film 3, and is sealed with the cavity 2 of the sound insulation plate to form a thin plate resonant or thin film resonant sound-absorbing structure. From outside to inside, the unit board is aluminum fiber board 5, perforated or micro-perforated board 4, resonant thin board or film 3, sound insulation panel cavity 2, between resonant thin board or thin film 3 and perforated or micro-perforated board 4, and perforated or micro-perforated board. A certain distance is left between the perforated plate 4 and the aluminum fiber plate 5 .

The keel of the thin-plate resonance or film resonance sound-absorbing structure is composed of a sound-insulating board 1 with large sound insulation and high strength. The optional materials include wood board, metal plate, glass fiber reinforced plastic, PC plastic, etc. The resonance thin board can also use the above materials. The resonant sound absorption frequency range is adjusted by changing the thickness of the resonant thin plate and the thickness of the air layer in the resonant plate cavity 2 . The resonant film can be soft film ceiling, PE film, PVF film, PET film, etc. The cavity 2 of the vibration isolation plate can only be sealed with air, or can be filled with an appropriate amount of porous fiber sound-absorbing material, such as glass wool, rock wool, mineral wool, etc., but it cannot be in contact with the resonant thin plate or resonant film.

There is a perforated or micro-perforated plate 4 in front of the resonant thin plate or film 3, and the perforated or micro-perforated plate 4 is in a zigzag or wavy shape. Preferably, a metal plate is used for perforation treatment and then punched. When the size of the unit plate is larger, if necessary, it is necessary to add fixing measures to the perforated or micro-perforated plate 4 . The hole diameter and perforation rate of the perforated plate and the distance from the resonant thin plate or film 3 are adjusted according to the required sound absorption frequency range.

The outermost layer on the side of the unit plate facing the sound source is aluminum fiber board 5, the aluminum fiber board is facing the direction of the noise source, by changing the thickness of the aluminum fiber board 5 and the distance between the aluminum fiber board 5 and the perforated or micro-perforated board 4 to adjust the center and height Absorption frequency band of high-frequency noise.

The shell 6 is made of color steel plate, aluminum alloy and other materials, and encapsulates the upper, lower, left and right sides of the unit board, and firmly fixes the sound insulation board cavity 2, the resonant thin plate or film 3, the perforated or micro-perforated plate 4, and the aluminum fiber board 5. Inside the metal shell, the entire sound-absorbing structure is packaged into a flat cuboid shape, which plays the roles of fixing, supporting, and protecting, and forms a sound-absorbing unit board together with each sound-absorbing structure. The upper and lower parts of the shell 6 can be designed as a concave-convex nesting structure to improve the stability of the upper and lower combination of multiple unit boards and meet the requirements of sound barriers or sound-absorbing walls of different heights.

The broadband sound-absorbing unit board can be a single-sided sound-absorbing structure, or it can be designed as a double-sided sound-absorbing structure. Double-sided sound-absorbing structure, both sides can be made into a symmetrical structure, or can be designed as an asymmetrical structure according to the actual noise situation.

As shown in Figure 3, the sound-absorbing unit board is designed as a double-sided sound-absorbing structure, and the sound-insulating panels on the back are shared by both sides, and the corresponding sound-absorbing structures on both sides are designed to be symmetrical.

The broadband sound-absorbing unit panel of the utility model combines various sound-absorbing structures, including thin-plate resonance or thin-film resonance sound-absorbing structures, perforated or micro-perforated sound-absorbing panels, aluminum fiber sound-absorbing panels, and external shells. Use thin-plate resonance or thin-film resonance sound-absorbing structure and perforated plate or micro-perforated plate to improve the low-frequency sound absorption coefficient of the unit plate, and use aluminum fiber board to absorb medium and high-frequency noise. Among them, the perforated plate or micro-perforated plate utilizes the sound absorption principle of the wedge structure, and its cross section is designed to be zigzag or wavy. The wide-band sound-absorbing unit panel of the utility model has a wide sound-absorbing frequency band, especially a greatly improved sound-absorbing effect in low-frequency bands, and can be applied to noise reduction at indoor walls, outdoor sound barriers, train platforms, along railway lines, and the like.

The above description is not a limitation to the structure and process of the present utility model. Any structure after simple transformation of the present utility model, or a process with the same function, has a similar shape but changes the structural proportion and size, and the key parts have different processing methods with the same function. , all belong to the protection scope of the utility model patent.

Claims (10)

1. a broadband sound absorption cell board, it is characterised in that: mainly include sound insulationg board chamber, resonance thin plate or resonance membrane, wear Hole or microperforated panel, aluminum fiberboard and housing, described sound absorption cell board has layer structure, front is followed successively by aluminum to the back side Fibre board, perforation or microperforated panel, resonance thin plate or resonance membrane and sound insulationg board chamber, described housing is encapsulated in except cell board The periphery at other four sides outside front and back.

Broadband the most according to claim 1 sound absorption cell board, it is characterised in that: described sound insulationg board chamber is by the sheet material that insulates against sound Making, box shaped, described resonance thin plate or resonance membrane cover at it towards side, cell board front.

Broadband the most according to claim 2 sound absorption cell board, it is characterised in that: described sound insulation sheet material and resonance thin plate For plank, metallic plate, fiberglass or PC plastics, described resonance membrane is soft-film ceiling, PE film, PVF film or PET film.

Broadband the most according to claim 2 sound absorption cell board, it is characterised in that: described sound insulationg board intracavity fiberfill fibers Sound-absorbing material, described fiber absorbing material does not contacts with resonance thin plate or resonance membrane.

Broadband the most according to claim 4 sound absorption cell board, it is characterised in that: described fiber absorbing material is glass Cotton, rock wool or mineral wool.

Broadband the most according to claim 1 sound absorption cell board, it is characterised in that: cutting of described perforation or microperforated panel Face is zigzag or wavy.

Broadband the most according to claim 1 sound absorption cell board, it is characterised in that: described resonance thin plate or resonance membrane And between perforation or microperforated panel, and leave gap between perforation or microperforated panel and aluminum fiberboard.

Broadband the most according to claim 1 sound absorption cell board, it is characterised in that: described housing uses color steel or aluminum Alloy material is made.

Broadband the most according to claim 8 sound absorption cell board, it is characterised in that: the top and the bottom of described housing are concavo-convex Type nested structure.

Broadband the most according to claim 1 sound absorption cell board, it is characterised in that: described broadband sound absorption cell board For double-face sound-absorbing structure, its both sides are symmetrical structure or unsymmetric structure.