CN205512199U - Small -size groundnut sheller for breeding - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a small-scale peanut shelling machine for breeding, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. It includes a frame, a motor, a feeding mechanism, a shelling mechanism, a discharging mechanism and a cleaning mechanism. The shelling mechanism includes a casing, a three-compartment feeding hopper, and three shelling drums with different gyrations arranged side by side on the same axis. 1. Three concave screens with different grid gaps, driving motor and transmission mechanism, three shelling drums are equally spaced, partitions are set between adjacent shelling drums, and corresponding concave screens are installed under each shelling drum; The discharge mechanism is placed under the concave screen on the frame, the driving motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the drum through the transmission mechanism, and the suction port of the cleaning mechanism is arranged at the end of the discharge mechanism. The utility model avoids the problem that peanut pods of different sizes are easy to be damaged and small peanut pods are easily missed in the same peanut shelling machine, and there is no need to adjust the shelling gap and replace the concave plate during the shelling process. Sieve to improve the efficiency of shelling.

Description

A small peanut shelling machine for breeding

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a small peanut sheller for breeding.

Background technique

Shelling is a necessary part of the operation after peanuts are harvested, and it is also the key to the damage and loss of peanuts. Due to its own biological characteristics and high moisture content at harvest, peanut shelling cannot be combined with field harvesting. Kernel breakage and other damage caused by shelling of commercial peanuts is a problem, while peanuts for breeding are the primary goal of ensuring the germination rate of seeds, and shelling equipment requires higher shelling adaptability. The traditional peanut shelling machine not only has a large model, but also has problems such as easy breakage and leakage after shelling, and has low efficiency and poor effect. It cannot be used for peanuts of different sizes. It is inconvenient to adjust and clear seeds, and it is difficult to meet the needs of community breeding research. Breeding peanuts are different from commercial peanuts and breeding peanuts. There are many varieties of peanuts and experimental plots, and the requirements for moisture content and kernel size are relatively strict, and the time from shelling to sowing should not be too long, so as to avoid the seed kernels being damaged due to long-term contact with the air. Mildew occurs, reducing germination vigor.

The invention application with the patent application number 201510431475.0 provides a peanut shelling machine, which includes a frame, a feeding mechanism, and a shelling mechanism. There are grooves, and the extrusion plate is arranged on the side wall of the frame. The end of the extrusion plate is parallel to the axial direction of the roller shaft, and the end of the extrusion plate matches the gap on the surface of the roller shaft. The size of the gap can allow peanuts to pass through. The material end is equipped with an inlet baffle, the extrusion plate and the inlet baffle are placed on both sides of the roller shaft, the free end of the inlet baffle is axially attached to the surface of the roller shaft, and the peanut outlet is located below the roller shaft. When shelling, one part of the peanut is placed in the groove, and the other part is placed outside the groove. The roller shaft rotates along the extrusion direction of the extrusion plate, and the half peanut placed outside the groove is extruded by the extrusion plate and the roller shaft. After being squeezed and broken, it falls from the gap between the extrusion plate and the roller to the exit. This extrusion shelling method, due to the different sizes of the peanuts, makes the big peanuts easy to break, the small peanuts cannot be shelled, the kernels are easily broken, the shelling quality is poor, and the work efficiency is low.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a small-scale peanut shelling machine for breeding, which can shell peanuts of different sizes in stages, reduce kernel damage, and improve shelling efficiency.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A small peanut shelling machine for breeding, including a frame, a motor, a feeding mechanism, a shelling mechanism, a discharging mechanism and a cleaning mechanism, the shelling mechanism includes a casing, a three-compartment feeding hopper, coaxially arranged in parallel Three shelling drums with different gyration radii, three concave screens with different grid gaps, driving motor and transmission mechanism, the intervals between the three shelling drums are equal, and the intervals of partitions are set between adjacent shelling drums, corresponding to each shelling drum. A corresponding concave screen is set under the shell drum; the discharge mechanism is placed under the concave screen on the frame, the drive motor is connected to the drum shaft through the transmission mechanism, and the suction port of the cleaning mechanism is set at the end of the discharge mechanism.

Further, the shelling drum is composed of two connecting plates installed on the rotating shaft, and a plurality of shelling and beating plates are arranged along the circumference of the two connecting plates, and the shelling and beating plates are composed of a flat plate and two connecting plates The shelling cylinder is composed of two connecting arms; multiple rows of holes are evenly arranged on the connecting plate of the shelling drum along its radial direction, and the shelling plate is adjusted and installed on the multiple rows of holes through the connecting arms.

Further, a friction sheet is provided on the surface of the end of the shelling plate on the shelling drum.

Further, the angle α between the friction plate and the end surface of the shelling plate is 15-30°.

Further, the friction sheet is a rubber sheet.

Further, a semicircular slideway is provided on the frame below the rollers, and is connected to the partition between the rollers, and each concave screen is inserted and installed along the slideway corresponding to each roller.

Further, the concave screen is a grating concave screen, and the gap between the gratings is 8-15mm.

Further, the cleaning mechanism adopts a centrifugal fan with a single air inlet. The impeller is composed of four blades and is symmetrically installed on the fan shaft. The shape of the blades is a rectangular cut corner. The distance between the plates is adjustable.

Further, the transmission mechanism is a belt transmission, and pulleys are respectively arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor, both sides of the fan shaft and the rotating shaft of the drum, and the belts are sleeved on the pulleys respectively.

Further, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper and an adjusting piece on it, and the plate-type adjusting piece is arranged at the outlet of the feeding hopper.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention avoids the problems that the larger peanut kernels are easily damaged and the smaller peanut pods are easily missed in the same peanut shelling device for peanut pods of different sizes, and the shelling efficiency is improved. The miniaturization of the machine design makes it take up less space, and the shelling gap and the number of driving rods can be adjusted.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the shelling drum of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustable shelling and beating plate.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the cleaning fan of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Motor, 2. Belt, 3. Lower sliding plate, 4. Concave screen, 5. Housing, 6. Feeding hopper, 7. Feeding amount regulating piece;

8. Shelling drum, 81. Roller shaft, 82. Shelling and beating plate, 83. Partition plate, 84. Connecting plate, 85. Fixed shaft sleeve, 86. Rubber sheet;

9. Fan, 91. Fan shaft, 92. Fan blade, 93. Air outlet, 94. Air suction port, 95. Peanut kernel, 96. Peanut shell, 97. Adjusting bolt, 98. Volute;

10. belt pulley, 11. benevolence outlet, 12. frame.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, a kind of small-sized breeding peanut shelling machine of the present invention comprises frame 12, feeding mechanism, shelling mechanism, discharging mechanism and cleaning mechanism, and described shelling mechanism comprises machine Shell 5, three-compartment feeding hopper 6, three shelling drums 8 with different gyration radii arranged side by side on the same axis, three concave screens with different grid gaps 4, driving motor 1 and transmission mechanism, the three shelling drums 8 are spaced apart Equal, partition plate 83 intervals are set between adjacent shelling cylinders 8, and corresponding concave plate sieves 4 are arranged below each shelling cylinder 8; the discharge mechanism is placed under the concave plate sieves 4 on the frame 12, and the driving The motor 1 is connected to the rotating shaft of the shelling drum 8 through a transmission mechanism, and the air suction port of the cleaning mechanism is arranged at the end of the discharge mechanism.

As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, each of the shelling cylinders 8 is to install two connection plates 84 on the rotating shaft, and a plurality of shelling plates 82 are evenly arranged on the circumference of the two connection plates 84 to form. The shell beating plate 82 is composed of a flat plate and two connecting arms connected thereto; multiple rows of holes are evenly arranged on the drum connecting plate 84 along its radial direction, and the shelling and beating plate 82 is adjusted and installed in the multiple rows of holes through the connecting arms Above, the radius of gyration of the shelling drum 8 can be adjusted, and then the shelling gap can be adjusted.

A friction plate 86 is arranged on the end surface of the shelling plate 82 on the shelling drum 8 . Described friction sheet 86 can be disassembled, and is fixed on the end of playing plate by grub bolt. The angle α between the friction plate 86 and the end surface of the shelling plate 82 is in the range of 20°. Change the friction plates 86 of different angles as required, avoiding that the friction effect cannot be reached because the upper surface of the playing plate is too smooth. The friction plate 86 described in this example is a rubber sheet, so as to avoid the damage of the seed kernel due to the rigid impact caused by beating the plate. By increasing the thickness of the beating board, the contact area with the pod can be increased, and the shearing force of the beating board on the seed kernel can be reduced.

The frame 12 below the shelling cylinder 8 is provided with a semicircular slideway, and is connected on the partition plate 83 between the shelling cylinders 8, and the grid concave plate sieves 4 of different grid gaps correspond to each shelling cylinder 8 Insert and install along the slideway. According to the different sizes of peanut pods, each shelling drum 8 corresponds to the concave screen 4 with different grid gaps of large, medium and small respectively. The shelling operation is carried out in the shelling drum.

The discharge mechanism is the lower slide 3, which is obliquely arranged below the concave screen 4 on the frame 12, and the fan 9 of the cleaning device is arranged on the frame 12, and its air outlet corresponds to the lower slide 3 the discharge end. The prolapsed matter passing through the three concave plate sieves 4 falls to the lower sliding plate 3 to slide down, and the crushed peanut shells are sucked out by the suction port of the fan 9 during the sliding process, and are cleaned to separate and clean the nuts and shells.

The cleaning device adopts a centrifugal fan with a single air inlet. The impeller is composed of 4 blades and is symmetrically installed on the fan shaft. The shape of the blades is a rectangular cut corner. The distance between them is adjustable, and the adjustment of the distance is adjusted up and down through the fan suction port housing, which is an existing structure.

The transmission mechanism is a belt drive, and belt pulleys are respectively set on the output shaft of the driving motor 1, both sides of the fan 9 shaft and the drum rotating shaft 81, between the motor 1 and the belt pulley 10 on one side of the fan 9 shaft, the other side of the fan 9 shaft and Belts 2 are respectively arranged between the belt pulleys on the drum rotating shaft 81 .

The feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper 6 and an adjusting piece 7 on it. Three feeding hoppers 6 are arranged side by side corresponding to the shelling drum 8, respectively placed above the shelling drum 8, connected with the shell of the shelling drum 8, and are of the inserting plate type. The adjusting sheet 7 is arranged at the discharge port of the feeding hopper 6 to adjust the feeding amount.

Working process of the present invention:

Put the graded peanut pods of different sizes into the corresponding feeding hopper 1, the motor 1 provides the transmission power, and the belt pulley 10 is driven to rotate through the belt 2. The pulley 10 is connected to the centrifugal fan 9 and is responsible for the cleaning operation. The shelling drum 5 is controlled by the casing. 8 packages. The rotating shaft 51 of the shelling drum 5 is driven by the pulley on the other side of the fan 9 to rotate, and the peanut pods enter the shelling drum 5 through the feeding hopper 6, and the peanut pods are rotating, and repeatedly collide with the shelling plate 52 of the shelling drum 5 And under the friction and rubbing effect produced by the shelling and beating plate 52 and the concave plate sieve 4, the shells are continuously broken, and the peanut shells and nuts pass through the three different concave plate sieves 4 with different pores under the rotary impact of the shelling and beating plate 52. Screening is carried out, and the shells and nuts fall below the suction port of the blower fan 9 along the lower slide plate 3. According to the difference in floating speed between the peanut kernels and the peanut shells, the light shells are sucked by the blower fan under the action of the suction force of the blower fan, and then Excreted from the body, while the nuts are discharged from the kernel outlet.

Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the included angle α between the friction plate described in this embodiment and the end surface of the shelling plate is 15°. The concave screen is a grating concave screen, and the gap between the gratings is 8.

Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the included angle α between the friction plate described in this embodiment and the end surface of the shelling plate is 30°. The concave screen is a grating concave screen, and the gap between the gratings is 15mm.

Claims (10)

1. A peanut shelling machine for small-scale breeding, comprising a frame, a motor, a feeding mechanism, a shelling mechanism, a discharging mechanism and a cleaning mechanism, characterized in that: the shelling mechanism includes a casing, three compartments for feeding Hopper, three shelling drums with different gyrations arranged side by side on the same axis, three concave screens with different grid gaps, drive motor and transmission mechanism, the intervals between the three shelling drums are equal, and partitions are set between adjacent shelling drums interval, corresponding to the bottom of each shelling drum, the corresponding concave screen is set; the discharge mechanism is placed under the concave screen on the frame, the drive motor is connected to the drum shaft through the transmission mechanism, and the suction port of the cleaning mechanism is set at the outlet. end of feeding mechanism. 2. The small-scale peanut shelling machine for breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shelling drum is composed of two connecting plates installed on the rotating shaft, and a plurality of shelling and beating plates are arranged along the circumference of the two connecting plates. The shelling and beating plate is composed of a flat plate and two connecting arms connected thereto; multiple columns of holes are evenly arranged on the connecting plate of the shelling drum along its radial direction, and the shelling and beating plate is adjusted and installed on the plate through the connecting arm. Multiple rows of holes. 3. The small-scale peanut shelling machine for breeding according to claim 2, characterized in that: a friction plate is arranged on the surface of the end of the shelling plate on the shelling drum. 4. The small-scale peanut shelling machine for breeding according to claim 3, characterized in that: the angle α between the friction plate and the end surface of the shelling plate is 15-30°. 5. The small-scale peanut sheller for breeding according to claim 4, characterized in that: the friction plate is a rubber plate. 6. The small-scale peanut shelling machine for breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the frame below the drum is provided with a semicircular slideway, and is connected to the partition between the drums, each concave screen Corresponding rollers are inserted and installed along the slideways. 7. The small-scale peanut shelling machine for breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concave sieve is a grating concave sieve, and the gap between the gratings is 8-15mm. 8. The small-scale peanut shelling machine for breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cleaning mechanism adopts a centrifugal fan with a single air inlet, and the impeller is composed of 4 blades and is symmetrically installed on the fan shaft. It is a rectangular cut corner, and the fan suction port corresponds to the outlet of the lower slide and the distance between it and the lower slide is adjustable. 9. The small-sized peanut shelling machine for breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission mechanism is a belt drive, and pulleys are respectively set on the output shaft of the drive motor, on both sides of the fan shaft and on the rotating shaft of the drum, and the belts are respectively covered. placed on the pulley. 10. The small-scale peanut shelling machine for breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper and an adjusting piece on it, and the plate-type adjusting piece is arranged at the outlet of the feeding hopper.