CN205426758U - Frictional force simulation generating device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种摩擦力模拟发生装置，主要由以动摩擦块为主的横向移动部分和以静摩擦块为主的压力调节部分组成。动摩擦块通过耦接器和可动轴连接，可动轴两端安装在摩擦力很小的轴承之上，拉动牵引头可使动摩擦块运动；静摩擦块和动摩擦块紧密接触，其施加在动摩擦块上的压力通过调节手柄调节；调节手柄和静摩擦块之间设置有位移缩放构件、上压力件、下压力件、弹性组件、压力传感器和静摩擦块固定件；在动摩擦块和静摩擦块的动摩擦系数和最大静摩擦系数已知的情况下，通过调节施加于动摩擦块上的压力，可使牵引头上产生不同的摩擦力运动特性，牵引头受力叠加于被测机械部件上。本实用新型主要用于研究机械部件受摩擦力影响时的运行特性。
The utility model provides a friction force simulation generating device, which is mainly composed of a lateral moving part mainly composed of a dynamic friction block and a pressure adjustment part mainly composed of a static friction block. The dynamic friction block is connected to the movable shaft through a coupler, and the two ends of the movable shaft are installed on the bearings with small friction force. Pulling the traction head can make the dynamic friction block move; the static friction block and the dynamic friction block are in close contact, which is applied to the dynamic friction block The upper pressure is adjusted through the adjustment handle; a displacement scaling member, an upper pressure piece, a lower pressure piece, an elastic component, a pressure sensor and a static friction piece fixing piece are arranged between the adjustment handle and the static friction piece; the dynamic friction coefficient and When the maximum static friction coefficient is known, by adjusting the pressure applied to the dynamic friction block, different friction motion characteristics can be generated on the tractor head, and the force of the tractor head is superimposed on the mechanical parts to be tested. The utility model is mainly used for researching the operating characteristics of mechanical components when they are affected by friction.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种物体间力学特性的模拟装置，具体而言涉及一种摩擦力模拟发生装置。 The utility model relates to a simulation device for mechanical properties between objects, in particular to a friction force simulation generation device.
背景技术 Background technique
两个互相挤压且接触的物体，在发生相对运动时产生的摩擦力称为滑动摩擦力，在具有相对运动趋势但尚保持相对静止时的摩擦力称为静摩擦力。滑动摩擦力的大小和一物体施加于另一物体上的正压力以及两接触物体的动摩擦系数有关；静摩擦力随外力大小变化，其最大值称为最大静摩擦力，可在测量出静摩擦系数后求得。现有很多仪器都能用于测量摩擦力或摩擦力系数，但使用中往往需要特定的条件，难以用于某些已安装于现场的设备的摩擦力特性。比如工业过程中的阀门，测量阀杆和密封件之间的摩擦力需要对阀门进行拆解，这在实际中是不允许的。另外，作为特定作用而设计的某一个产品，其内部所含运动构件间的摩擦力在新产品上是基本确定的，但随着时间推移，摩擦力的大小可能增加或减小。因此，研究者如要分析不同摩擦力大小下产品的工作特性，就需要在较长时间范围内测量摩擦特性，这费时费力且工况不可控，而且还不一定可测。 Two objects that are extruded and in contact with each other, the friction force generated when relative motion occurs is called sliding friction force, and the friction force produced when there is a relative motion tendency but remains relatively static is called static friction force. The magnitude of sliding friction is related to the normal pressure exerted by one object on another object and the coefficient of dynamic friction of the two contacting objects; the static friction varies with the magnitude of the external force, and its maximum value is called the maximum static friction, which can be obtained after measuring the coefficient of static friction have to. Many existing instruments can be used to measure friction or coefficient of friction, but specific conditions are often required in use, and it is difficult to use it for the friction characteristics of some equipment that has been installed on site. For valves in industrial processes, for example, measuring the friction between the valve stem and seal requires dismantling the valve, which is not allowed in practice. In addition, for a product designed for a specific function, the friction force between the moving components contained in it is basically determined on the new product, but as time goes by, the magnitude of the friction force may increase or decrease. Therefore, if researchers want to analyze the working characteristics of products under different friction forces, they need to measure the friction characteristics over a long period of time, which is time-consuming and laborious, and the working conditions are uncontrollable and not necessarily measurable.
实用新型内容 Utility model content
本实用新型提供一种摩擦力模拟发生装置，可模拟不同摩擦力大小下物体的力学特性。本实用新型所提供的装置模拟输出的摩擦力可叠加于被测对象运动部件任一受力方向上，用于分析不同摩擦力影响下该部件的运动特性。 The utility model provides a friction force simulation generating device, which can simulate the mechanical properties of objects under different friction forces. The frictional force simulated by the device provided by the utility model can be superimposed on any force direction of the moving part of the measured object, and is used to analyze the motion characteristics of the part under the influence of different frictional forces.
本实用新型提供一种摩擦力模拟发生装置，采用的技术方案如下： The utility model provides a friction simulation generating device, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows:
本实用新型提供一种摩擦力模拟发生装置，所述装置由横向移动部分和压力调节部分组成；横向移动部分包括动摩擦块、耦接器、可动轴、轴承、轴承安装座、导轨、牵引头、滑轮、底座和牵引线；压力调节部分包括调节手柄、调节螺杆、固定螺母、位移缩放构件、支架、上压力件、弹性组件、下压力件、压力传感器、静摩擦块固定件、静摩擦块、人机操作构件和伸缩螺杆；所述动摩擦块两端分别和耦接器连接，耦接器和可动轴连接，可动轴连接在轴承上，可动轴一端设置有牵引头，牵引头可连接牵引线，牵引线通过滑轮将摩擦力运动特性施加于被测对象，滑轮固定于底座上，轴承安装于轴承安装座上，轴承安装座可在导轨平行移动；所述静摩擦块由静摩擦块固定件固定，静摩擦块固定件的另一面连接压力传感器，弹性组件两端连接上压力件和下压力件，下压力件的另一面连接压力传感器，调节手柄连接调节螺杆，调节螺杆另一端和位移缩放构件连接，通过位移缩放构件，调节螺杆旋转带动伸缩螺杆伸缩运动，伸缩螺杆另一端连接上压力件，其伸缩运动使上压力件产生同向运动，并经力传导施加于静摩擦块上，从而静摩擦块对动摩擦块产生压力。 The utility model provides a friction simulation generating device, which is composed of a lateral moving part and a pressure regulating part; the lateral moving part includes a dynamic friction block, a coupler, a movable shaft, a bearing, a bearing mounting seat, a guide rail, and a traction head , pulley, base and traction line; the pressure adjustment part includes adjustment handle, adjustment screw, fixed nut, displacement scaling member, bracket, upper pressure piece, elastic component, lower pressure piece, pressure sensor, static friction block fixing piece, static friction block, human body machine operating member and telescopic screw; the two ends of the dynamic friction block are respectively connected to the coupler, the coupler is connected to the movable shaft, the movable shaft is connected to the bearing, and one end of the movable shaft is provided with a traction head, which can be connected to The traction line, the traction line applies the frictional motion characteristics to the measured object through the pulley, the pulley is fixed on the base, the bearing is installed on the bearing mounting seat, and the bearing mounting seat can move in parallel on the guide rail; the static friction block is fixed by the static friction block Fixed, the other side of the static friction block fixing part is connected to the pressure sensor, the two ends of the elastic component are connected to the upper pressure part and the lower pressure part, the other side of the lower pressure part is connected to the pressure sensor, the adjustment handle is connected to the adjustment screw, and the other end of the adjustment screw is connected to the displacement scaling member Connection, through the displacement scaling member, the adjustment screw rotates to drive the telescopic movement of the telescopic screw, and the other end of the telescopic screw is connected to the upper pressure piece, and its telescopic movement makes the upper pressure piece move in the same direction, and is applied to the static friction block through force transmission, so that the static friction block Pressure is generated on the moving friction block.
作为上述方案的进一步改进： As a further improvement on the above scheme:
所述人机操作构件由微处理器、信息输入电路、压力信号处理电路、通信接口电路、存储器和显示电路组成。微处理器是人机操作构件的核心，对连接于其上的各类电信号进行运算、存储和输入输出等处理；信息输入电路的功能是将本实用新型相关的部件特性参数进行输入，如：摩擦块质量，压力传感器质量、静摩擦块固定件质量以及滑轮摩擦补偿量等；压力信号处理电路对来自压力传感器的电信号进行处理，再经微处理器变换后经显示电路进行信息输出；通信接口电路可外接其他存储器或控制单元，用于输入摩擦力计算时所需的补偿参数，以及输出实验结果；存储器用于对微处理器运算所需的某些数据和程序进行存储；显示电路对本装置操作过程中的一些状态、参数和工作步骤等信息进行显示。 The man-machine operation component is composed of a microprocessor, an information input circuit, a pressure signal processing circuit, a communication interface circuit, a memory and a display circuit. The microprocessor is the core of the man-machine operation component, which performs calculation, storage, input and output processing on various electrical signals connected to it; the function of the information input circuit is to input the relevant component characteristic parameters of the utility model, such as : The quality of the friction block, the quality of the pressure sensor, the quality of the fixed part of the static friction block, and the friction compensation amount of the pulley, etc.; the pressure signal processing circuit processes the electrical signal from the pressure sensor, and then converts it through the microprocessor and outputs the information through the display circuit; communication The interface circuit can be connected with other memory or control unit, which is used to input the compensation parameters required for friction calculation and output the experimental results; the memory is used to store some data and programs required for microprocessor operation; the display circuit Some information such as status, parameters and working steps during the operation of the device are displayed.
所述轴承之间的距离可调节。 The distance between the bearings is adjustable.
所述动摩擦块、静摩擦块和静摩擦块固定件的质量已知。 The quality of the dynamic friction block, the static friction block and the static friction block fixing part is known.
所述位移缩放机构的作用是将旋转位移量进行缩放，弹性组件的作用是将直线位移量进行缩放。 The function of the displacement scaling mechanism is to scale the rotational displacement, and the function of the elastic component is to scale the linear displacement.
所述调节手柄到静摩擦块之间设置有位移缩放构件、弹性组件以及压力传感器。 A displacement zoom member, an elastic component and a pressure sensor are arranged between the adjustment handle and the static friction block.
所述人机操作构件可输入相关构件质量参数和摩擦力补偿参数，微处理器中的摩擦力特性计算算法基于存储器中的各种摩擦力校正特性表。 The man-machine operation component can input relevant component quality parameters and friction compensation parameters, and the friction characteristic calculation algorithm in the microprocessor is based on various friction correction characteristic tables in the memory.
所述静摩擦块施加于动摩擦块的压力大小可调，不同压力情况下，动摩擦块可产生不同的运行特性。动摩擦块运动特性也受可动轴和轴承间摩擦力的影响，轴承的选择应以尽量减小可动轴和轴承间的滑动摩擦力为标准。同时，这一滑动摩擦力也可在人机操作构件上进行补偿。 The pressure applied by the static friction block to the dynamic friction block is adjustable, and under different pressure conditions, the dynamic friction block can produce different operating characteristics. The motion characteristics of the dynamic friction block are also affected by the friction force between the movable shaft and the bearing. The selection of the bearing should be based on minimizing the sliding friction force between the movable shaft and the bearing. At the same time, this sliding friction force can also be compensated on the ergonomic components.
本实用新型所提供的一种摩擦力模拟发生装置还包括两个滑轮和外接引线，外接引线一端连接牵引头，另一端连接被测实验对象。滑轮的作用是将动摩擦块所受固定方向的摩擦力转换到不同方向，其安装位置要以不衰减动摩擦块所受摩擦力为标准。 The friction force simulation generating device provided by the utility model also includes two pulleys and an external lead wire, one end of the external lead wire is connected to the traction head, and the other end is connected to the tested experimental object. The function of the pulley is to convert the frictional force of the fixed direction of the dynamic friction block to different directions, and its installation position should not attenuate the frictional force of the dynamic friction block as a standard.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型主体结构正面示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the main structure of the utility model.
图2是本实用新型人机操作构件结构图。 Fig. 2 is a structure diagram of the man-machine operation component of the utility model.
【附图符号说明】1.调节手柄；2.调节螺杆；3.固定螺母；4.位移缩放构件；5.支架；6.上压力件；7.弹性组件；8.下压力件；9.压力传感器；10.静摩擦块固定件；11.静摩擦块；12.动摩擦块；13.耦接器；14.可动轴；15.轴承；16.轴承安装座；17.导轨；18.牵引头；19.滑轮；20.人机操作构件；21.伸缩螺杆；22.底座；23.牵引线。 [Description of attached symbols] 1. Adjusting handle; 2. Adjusting screw; 3. Fixing nut; 4. Displacement scaling member; 5. Bracket; 6. Upper pressure member; 7. Elastic component; 8. Lower pressure member; 9. Pressure sensor; 10. Static friction block fixture; 11. Static friction block; 12. Dynamic friction block; 13. Coupler; 14. Movable shaft; 15. Bearing; 16. Bearing mounting seat; 17. Guide rail; 18. Traction head ; 19. Pulley; 20. Ergonomic components; 21. Telescopic screw; 22. Base; 23. Traction line.
具体实施方式 detailed description
为了对本实用新型的技术特征、目的和应用方法有更加清楚的理解，现结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式做进一步说明。 In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and application methods of the utility model, the specific implementation of the utility model will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本实用新型所提供的摩擦力模拟发生装置可分解为以动摩擦块12为主的横向移动部分，和以静摩擦块11为主的压力调节部分。动摩擦块12两端分别通过耦接器13和可动轴14连接，耦接器13正确安装可保证动摩擦块12和可动轴14轴线平行或重合，可动轴14连接于轴承15之上，可动轴14一端还设置有牵引头18，牵引头18连接牵引线23，牵引线23通过滑轮19可将摩擦力运动特性施加于被测实验装置，滑轮19固定于底座22之上；轴承15设有轴承安装座15，轴承安装座15可在导轨17平行线方向移动，待调节好位置后再固定于底座22上；静摩擦块11连接静摩擦块固定件10得一面，静摩擦块固定件10另一面连接压力传感器9；弹性组件7两端连接有上压力件6和下压力件8，下压力件8的另一面和压力传感器9相连接；调节手柄1连接调节螺杆2，固定螺母3在调节螺杆2调节到位后用于对其进行固定，防止调节螺杆2移位，调节螺杆2另一端和位移缩放构件4连接，位移缩放构件4连接支架5；通过位移缩放构件4，调节螺杆2旋转会带动伸缩螺杆21转动；位移缩放构件4将调节螺杆2的旋转位移缩放后施加于伸缩螺杆21上使之随动，在位移缩放构件4的一示例实施方案中，其各构件可以是一组齿轮或传送带；伸缩螺杆21另一端连接上压力件6，伸缩螺杆21的伸缩运动会使上压力件6产生同向运动，并经力传导使施加于静摩擦块上的压力变化。 As shown in FIG. 1 , the friction simulation generating device provided by the present invention can be decomposed into a lateral moving part mainly composed of the dynamic friction block 12 and a pressure regulating part mainly composed of the static friction block 11 . The two ends of the dynamic friction block 12 are respectively connected to the movable shaft 14 through the coupler 13. The correct installation of the coupler 13 can ensure that the axes of the movable friction block 12 and the movable shaft 14 are parallel or coincident, and the movable shaft 14 is connected to the bearing 15. One end of the movable shaft 14 is also provided with a traction head 18, the traction head 18 is connected to the traction line 23, and the traction line 23 can apply the frictional force motion characteristics to the tested experimental device through the pulley 19, and the pulley 19 is fixed on the base 22; the bearing 15 Bearing mounting seat 15 is provided, and bearing mounting seat 15 can move in the direction parallel to guide rail 17, and then be fixed on the base 22 after adjusting the position; static friction block 11 is connected to one side of static friction block fixing part 10, and static friction block fixing part 10 is on the other. One side is connected with the pressure sensor 9; the two ends of the elastic component 7 are connected with the upper pressure piece 6 and the lower pressure piece 8, and the other side of the lower pressure piece 8 is connected with the pressure sensor 9; the adjustment handle 1 is connected with the adjustment screw 2, and the fixed nut 3 is adjusted After the screw rod 2 is adjusted in place, it is used to fix it to prevent the adjustment screw rod 2 from shifting. The other end of the adjustment screw rod 2 is connected to the displacement zoom member 4, and the displacement zoom member 4 is connected to the bracket 5; Drive telescoping screw 21 to rotate; Displacement scaling member 4 is applied on telescopic screw 21 after scaling the rotational displacement of adjusting screw 2 to make it follow-up, and in an exemplary implementation of displacement scaling member 4, each member can be a group of gears Or a conveyor belt; the other end of the telescopic screw 21 is connected to the upper pressure piece 6, and the telescopic movement of the telescopic screw 21 will cause the upper pressure piece 6 to move in the same direction, and the pressure applied to the static friction block will change through force transmission.
如图2所示，本实用新型所提供的摩擦力模拟发生装置的人机操作构件20是由微处理器101、信息输入电路102、压力信号处理电路103、通信接口电路104、存储器105和显示电路106组成。微处理器101对输入或输出的电信号进行运算处理，其可以是通用计算机(PC)、单片机、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)或某些分立元件等的任意组合。信息输入电路102耦接于微处理器101上，可以通过它手动输入各种参数和数据；压力信号处理电路103将压力传感器9的信息处理后送入微处理器101中；通信接口电路104耦接微处理器101，用于实现数据的导入或导出，存储器105用于存储运算处理所需要的程序和数据；显示电路106同样耦接在微处理器101上，显示本装置的操作状态和相关参数。 As shown in Figure 2, the man-machine operation component 20 of the friction force simulation generating device provided by the utility model is composed of a microprocessor 101, an information input circuit 102, a pressure signal processing circuit 103, a communication interface circuit 104, a memory 105 and a display The circuit 106 is composed. The microprocessor 101 performs calculation processing on the input or output electrical signal, which can be a general-purpose computer (PC), a single-chip microcomputer, a programmable logic controller (PLC), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) or Any combination of certain discrete components, etc. The information input circuit 102 is coupled to the microprocessor 101, through which various parameters and data can be manually input; the pressure signal processing circuit 103 sends the information of the pressure sensor 9 to the microprocessor 101 after processing; the communication interface circuit 104 is coupled to The microprocessor 101 is used to realize the import or export of data, and the memory 105 is used to store the programs and data required for calculation and processing; the display circuit 106 is also coupled to the microprocessor 101 to display the operating status and related parameters of the device .
本实用新型所提供的摩擦力模拟发生装置中的静摩擦块11和动摩擦块12的表面均有一定等级的粗糙度，可通过更换不同粗糙度等级的摩擦块模拟产生不同的摩擦力动态特性。 The surfaces of the static friction block 11 and the dynamic friction block 12 in the friction simulation generation device provided by the utility model have a certain level of roughness, and different friction dynamic characteristics can be simulated by replacing friction blocks with different roughness levels.
在本实用新型的一示例实施方式中，轴承15可选直线轴承，可动轴14和轴承15间的滑动摩擦力很小，其相对于动摩擦块12和静摩擦块11间的摩擦力基本可忽略。 In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the bearing 15 can be a linear bearing, and the sliding friction between the movable shaft 14 and the bearing 15 is very small, which is basically negligible compared to the friction between the dynamic friction block 12 and the static friction block 11 .
在本实用新型的一示例实施方式中，装置的使用步骤如下： In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the steps of using the device are as follows:
S1、选择所需型号的动摩擦块12，并通过调节耦接器13使之和可动轴14牢固连接； S1. Select the desired type of dynamic friction block 12, and make it firmly connected with the movable shaft 14 by adjusting the coupling 13;
S2、根据使用情况调节两个轴承安装座16间的距离，调节好后将其固定； S2. Adjust the distance between the two bearing mounts 16 according to the usage conditions, and fix it after adjustment;
S3、将静摩擦块11和静摩擦块固定件10牢固连接，通过人机操作构件20中的信息输入电路102输入压力传感器9、静摩擦块固定件10以及静摩擦块11的质量参数； S3. Firmly connect the static friction block 11 and the static friction block fixing part 10, and input the quality parameters of the pressure sensor 9, the static friction block fixing part 10 and the static friction block 11 through the information input circuit 102 in the man-machine operation member 20;
S4、如果静摩擦块11和动摩擦块12的动摩擦系数和最大静摩擦系数已知，则直接跳转到S6步骤，否则，旋转调节手柄1使静摩擦块11和动摩擦块12初步接触，再继续同方向旋转调节手柄1，并观察显示电路106所显示的压力数据直到其值为一大于零的数据； S4. If the dynamic friction coefficient and the maximum static friction coefficient of the static friction block 11 and the dynamic friction block 12 are known, then directly jump to step S6, otherwise, rotate the adjustment handle 1 to make the static friction block 11 and the dynamic friction block 12 initially contact, and then continue to rotate in the same direction Adjust the handle 1, and observe the pressure data displayed by the display circuit 106 until its value is one greater than zero;
S5、在牵引头18上外接摩擦力测试仪，测出静摩擦块11和动摩擦块12之间的动摩擦系数和最大静摩擦系数； S5, connect the friction tester externally on the traction head 18, measure the coefficient of dynamic friction and the maximum coefficient of static friction between the static friction block 11 and the dynamic friction block 12;
S6、通过信息输入电路102输入轴承15和可动轴14间的摩擦力补偿参数，以及通过通信接口电路104导入影响摩擦动态特性的各种补偿数据； S6. Input the friction compensation parameters between the bearing 15 and the movable shaft 14 through the information input circuit 102, and import various compensation data affecting the dynamic characteristics of friction through the communication interface circuit 104;
S7、根据滑动摩擦力计算公式：滑动摩擦力＝动摩擦力系数乘以物体所受正压力，计算实验所需特定大小滑动摩擦力对应的正压力值，旋转调节手柄1，使显示电路106所显示的压力数据等于该值； S7, according to the sliding friction calculation formula: sliding friction=dynamic friction coefficient multiplied by the positive pressure on the object, calculate the positive pressure value corresponding to the specific size of the sliding friction required for the experiment, and rotate the adjustment handle 1 to make the display circuit 106 display The pressure data of is equal to this value;
S8、通过牵引头18或牵引线23，必要时再通过滑轮19，将特定摩擦力动态特性施加于被测物体上。 S8. Apply a specific dynamic characteristic of friction force to the measured object through the traction head 18 or the traction line 23, and if necessary, the pulley 19.
以上所述仅为本实用新型示例性的实施方式，并非用以限定本实用新型的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本实用新型的构思和原则的前提下所做出的等同变化与修改，增加或减少某些装置的使用步骤，均应属于本实用新型保护的范围。 The above descriptions are only exemplary implementations of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concepts and principles of the present invention, and the addition or reduction of certain device usage steps shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109612924A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-12 | 厦门理工学院 | A kind of vertical measuring device and measuring method of prepreg friction coefficient |
| CN110501149A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-26 | 山东科技大学 | An adjustable rotary loading device for a turntable |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109612924A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-12 | 厦门理工学院 | A kind of vertical measuring device and measuring method of prepreg friction coefficient |
| CN109612924B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2024-02-20 | 厦门理工学院 | Vertical measurement device and measurement method for friction coefficient of prepreg cloth |
| CN110501149A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-26 | 山东科技大学 | An adjustable rotary loading device for a turntable |
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