CN205344913U - Derailment inspection equipment based on side bearer location - Google Patents
Derailment inspection equipment based on side bearer location Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种基于侧架定位的脱轨检测装置，其中，脱轨检测装置安装于转向架的侧架端部，包括支承座、横梁、激光位移计与处理器系统；另外本实用新型可通过脱轨检测装置测量车轮相对于铁路钢轨的抬升量，并根据抬升量进行数据处理和判断，实现铁道车辆脱轨前的预警功能，解决了铁道车辆无法预测脱轨的问题，为确保铁路运输安全，减少货车脱轨事故提供了保障。
The utility model discloses a derailment detection device based on side frame positioning, wherein the derailment detection device is installed at the end of the side frame of the bogie, including a support seat, a beam, a laser displacement meter and a processor system; in addition, the utility model can The lift of the wheel relative to the railway rail is measured by the derailment detection device, and the data is processed and judged according to the lift, so as to realize the early warning function before the derailment of the railway vehicle, and solve the problem that the derailment of the railway vehicle cannot be predicted. In order to ensure the safety of railway transportation, reduce Provided protection against truck derailment accidents.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及铁路运输装备技术领域，具体涉及一种基于侧架定位的脱轨检测装置。The utility model relates to the technical field of railway transportation equipment, in particular to a derailment detection device based on side frame positioning.
背景技术Background technique
列车脱轨是铁道车辆运行中的重大行车事故。脱轨事故的发生，将造成车辆、货物、交通设备和通讯设备的损坏，严重时还将伤及生命，因此受到世界各国的高度重视。自1997年我国铁路提速以后，货物列车脱轨有上升趋势；近l0年来，脱轨事故在我国铁路行车重大、大事故中的比率高达70％左右。为确保铁路运输安全，找出防范的对策，减少货车脱轨事故是一项重要而紧迫的任务。Train derailment is a major traffic accident in the operation of railway vehicles. The occurrence of derailment accidents will cause damage to vehicles, goods, transportation equipment and communication equipment, and even life in serious cases, so it is highly valued by countries all over the world. Since my country's railway speed was increased in 1997, the derailment of freight trains has been on the rise; in the past 10 years, the rate of derailment accidents in my country's major railway accidents is as high as about 70%. In order to ensure the safety of railway transportation, it is an important and urgent task to find out the countermeasures and reduce the derailment accidents of freight cars.
引起脱轨事故的原因比较复杂，即有人为因素、设备因素，还有自然灾害等。脱轨事故在改善列车运行性能、加强职工素质和安全教育后可以大大减少，但不可能完全杜绝，因为无法抗拒的自然灾害是引起脱轨的主要原因之一。The causes of derailment accidents are complex, including human factors, equipment factors, and natural disasters. Derailment accidents can be greatly reduced by improving train operation performance, strengthening employee quality and safety education, but it is impossible to completely eliminate them, because irresistible natural disasters are one of the main causes of derailment.
脱轨虽不可避免，但是可以在车辆上增加脱轨检测装置达到脱轨前预警和脱轨后制动减损的效果。目前，脱轨制动技术比较成熟，南车公司研制的脱轨自动制动装置已经广泛应用于70t级以上货车，效果显著；相对的，能够实现预警功能的脱轨检测技术还没有可靠产品投入运用。当前铁路总公司已经开始组织快运货车的研制工作，晋中南重载运煤专线也将投入运用，铁路货车的快运重载需求越来越紧迫，而实现这些目标的关键技术之一就是防止车辆脱轨。然而当前针对脱轨问题主要发展的是脱轨制动技术，具有脱轨预警功能的产品还处于试验阶段，因技术难度大，未见规模化成功案例，尚处于市场空白期，其潜力和价值十分巨大。因此研制脱轨检测装置及检测方法是具有重大意义的研究课题。Although derailment is inevitable, a derailment detection device can be added to the vehicle to achieve the effect of early warning before derailment and brake loss after derailment. At present, the derailment braking technology is relatively mature. The derailment automatic braking device developed by CSR has been widely used in freight vehicles above 70 tons, and the effect is remarkable. In contrast, no reliable derailment detection technology that can realize the early warning function has been put into use. At present, the Railway Corporation has begun to organize the research and development of express trucks, and the Jinzhong-South heavy-duty coal transportation line will also be put into use. The demand for express and heavy-duty railway trucks is becoming more and more urgent, and one of the key technologies to achieve these goals is to prevent vehicles from derailing . However, at present, derailment braking technology is mainly developed to solve the derailment problem. Products with derailment warning function are still in the experimental stage. Due to the technical difficulty, no large-scale successful cases have been seen, and the market is still in a blank period. Its potential and value are huge. Therefore, developing a derailment detection device and detection method is a research topic of great significance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种基于侧架定位的脱轨检测装置，实现铁道车辆脱轨前的预警功能，解决铁道车辆无法预测脱轨的问题，为确保铁路运输安全，减少货车脱轨事故提供了可能。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a derailment detection device based on side frame positioning, realize the early warning function before the derailment of the railway vehicle, solve the problem that the derailment of the railway vehicle cannot be predicted, and provide the possibility to ensure the safety of railway transportation and reduce the derailment accidents of trucks.
为实现上述目的，本实用新型所设计的基于侧架定位的脱轨检测装置，成对安装于转向架上平行布置的两个侧架的两端端部，其特殊之处在于：In order to achieve the above purpose, the derailment detection device based on the positioning of the side frame designed by the utility model is installed in pairs on the two ends of the two side frames arranged in parallel on the bogie, and its special features are:
它包括两对支承座、两根横梁和两对激光位移计与处理器系统；It includes two pairs of support bases, two beams and two pairs of laser displacement gauges and processor systems;
所述支承座经铸造模具一体成型，由安装基面、筋板和连接板组合而成；所述安装基面一端和筋板一端连接处形成折角，所述连接板为类似三角板形状，其一边与安装基面连接，其另一边与筋板连接，所述安装基面开设有安装孔；所述筋板另一端末尾设有安装铰接孔；The support seat is integrally formed by a casting mold, and is composed of an installation base surface, a rib plate and a connecting plate; a knuckle is formed at the connection between one end of the installation base surface and one end of the rib plate, and the connecting plate is in the shape of a triangular plate, with one side It is connected to the installation base surface, and the other side is connected to the rib plate, and the installation base surface is provided with an installation hole; the other end of the rib plate is provided with an installation hinge hole;
所述支承座的安装基面固定安装于侧架的端部位置，所述横梁位于两个侧架同向端端部的两个支承座之间，且所述横梁的两端分别与两个支承座的安装铰接孔铰接；The installation base surface of the support seat is fixedly installed at the end position of the side frame, the cross beam is located between the two support seats at the same end of the two side frames, and the two ends of the cross beam are respectively connected to the two The mounting hinge hole of the support base is hinged;
所述激光位移计与处理器系统对称安装在横梁的两端内侧，且所述激光位移计与处理器系统位于铁路钢轨正上方，从而用于测量车轮相对于铁路钢轨的抬升量，并根据抬升量进行数据处理和判断。The laser displacement meter and the processor system are symmetrically installed on the inner sides of the two ends of the beam, and the laser displacement meter and the processor system are located directly above the railway rail, so as to measure the lift of the wheel relative to the railway rail, and according to the lift Quantitative data processing and judgment.
优选地，所述支承座的安装基面通过与其安装孔相配合的铆钉或螺栓固定安装于侧架的端部位置。Preferably, the installation base surface of the support base is fixedly installed on the end of the side frame through rivets or bolts matched with the installation holes.
优选地，所述激光位移计与处理器系统的处理器为单片机。Preferably, the processor of the laser displacement gauge and processor system is a single-chip microcomputer.
进一步地，所述安装基面开设安装孔的数量为四个，且安装孔呈矩阵分布。Further, the number of installation holes provided on the installation base surface is four, and the installation holes are distributed in a matrix.
另外，本实用新型还涉及所述基于侧架定位的脱轨检测装置的脱轨检测方法，包括以下步骤：In addition, the utility model also relates to a derailment detection method of the derailment detection device based on side frame positioning, including the following steps:
1)激光位移计与处理器系统开机，通过激光位移计采集激光位移计本身距离钢轨上表面的垂向距离数据，第m次采集的数据记为Hm；通过处理器计算数据的平均值作为本次测量的基准点，记为H0；1) start the laser displacement meter and the processor system, collect the vertical distance data of the laser displacement meter itself from the upper surface of the rail by the laser displacement meter, and record the data collected for the mth time as H m ; calculate the average value of the data by the processor as The reference point of this measurement is denoted as H 0 ;
2)Hm与H0求差，即得到车轮相对于钢轨的抬升量为hm＝Hm-H0，用于执行判断；2) Calculate the difference between H m and H 0 , that is, the lifting amount of the wheel relative to the rail is obtained as h m =H m -H 0 , which is used for judgment;
3)如果第m次数值hm值大于所设定的安全值，处理器记录本次数据hm，标记为1次；3) If the value h m of the mth time is greater than the set safety value, the processor records the current data h m and marks it as 1 time;
4)如果第m+1次数值hm+1大于第m次数值hm，处理器记录本次数据hm+1，标记为2次；4) If the value h m+1 of the m+1th time is greater than the value h m of the mth time, the processor records the current data h m+1 and marks it as 2 times;
5)如果第m+2次数值hm+2大于第m+1次数值hm+1，标记为3次；5) If the m+2th value h m+2 is greater than the m+1th value h m+1 , mark it as 3 times;
6)如果连续满足上述步骤3)、步骤4)和步骤5)，则处理器发送报警信号，直至hm值小于所设定的安全值；6) If the above step 3), step 4) and step 5) are continuously satisfied, the processor sends an alarm signal until the h m value is less than the set safety value;
7)如果没有连续满足上述步骤3)、步骤4)和步骤5)，则继续采样判断，不报警。7) If the above step 3), step 4) and step 5) are not continuously satisfied, then continue sampling and judgment without alarm.
在上述技术方案中，通过安全值与hm，hm与hm+1，hm+1与hm+2的三次连续比较，大大降低了因为线路损坏、轨缝和道岔等线路损伤造成的误报。In the above technical scheme, through three consecutive comparisons between the safety value and h m , h m and h m+1 , and h m+1 and h m+2 , the damage caused by line damage, rail joints and turnouts is greatly reduced. of false positives.
激光位移计与处理器系统在使用中主要起到两个作用：一是监控转向架的运行状态；二是在车辆发生脱轨危险之前发送报警信息。The laser displacement meter and processor system mainly play two roles in use: one is to monitor the running status of the bogie; the other is to send alarm information before the vehicle derails.
本实用新型有益效果：通过该基于侧架定位的脱轨检测装置及检测方法，实现铁道车辆脱轨前的预警功能，解决了铁道车辆无法预测脱轨的问题，为确保铁路运输安全，减少货车脱轨事故提供了保障。Beneficial effects of the utility model: the derailment detection device and detection method based on side frame positioning can realize the early warning function before the derailment of the railway vehicle, solve the problem that the derailment of the railway vehicle cannot be predicted, and provide for ensuring the safety of railway transportation and reducing the derailment accidents of trucks Guaranteed.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为一种基于侧架定位的脱轨检测装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a derailment detection device based on side frame positioning;
图2为图1中支承座的立体结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the support seat in Fig. 1;
图3为图2中支承座的主视结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the supporting seat in Fig. 2;
图4为一种基于侧架定位的脱轨检测装置的检测方法流程示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a detection method of a derailment detection device based on side frame positioning;
图5为轮轨正常接触状态示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the normal contact state of the wheel and rail;
图6为轮缘贴靠状态示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the abutment state of the wheel rim;
图7为持续爬轨状态示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a continuous track climbing state;
图8为脱轨状态示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a derailed state.
图中，侧架1、支承座2、安装基面2a、筋板2b、连接板2c、安装孔2d、安装铰接孔2e、横梁3、激光位移计与处理器系统4、车轮5、钢轨6。In the figure, side frame 1, support seat 2, installation base surface 2a, rib plate 2b, connecting plate 2c, installation hole 2d, installation hinge hole 2e, beam 3, laser displacement gauge and processor system 4, wheel 5, rail 6 .
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本实用新型作进一步的详细描述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the utility model is described in further detail:
如图1至图3所示的基于侧架定位的脱轨检测装置，它成对安装于转向架上平行布置的两个侧架1的两端端部；The derailment detection device based on side frame positioning as shown in Figures 1 to 3 is installed in pairs at both ends of two side frames 1 arranged in parallel on the bogie;
它还包括两对支承座2、两根横梁3和两对激光位移计与处理器系统4；It also includes two pairs of support bases 2, two beams 3 and two pairs of laser displacement gauges and processor systems 4;
所述支承座2经铸造模具一体成型，由安装基面2a、筋板2b和连接板2c组合而成；所述安装基面2a一端和筋板2b一端连接处形成折角；所述连接板2c为类似三角板形状，其一边与安装基面2a连接，其另一边与筋板2b连接，所述安装基面2a开设有安装孔2d；所述筋板2b另一端末尾设有安装铰接孔2e；所述安装基面2a开设安装孔2d的数量为四个，且安装孔2d呈矩阵分布；The support seat 2 is integrally formed by a casting mold, and is composed of an installation base surface 2a, a rib plate 2b and a connecting plate 2c; one end of the installation base surface 2a and one end of the rib plate 2b are connected to form a knuckle; the connecting plate 2c It is similar to the shape of a triangular plate, one side of which is connected to the installation base 2a, and the other side is connected to the rib 2b, the installation base 2a is provided with an installation hole 2d; the other end of the rib 2b is provided with an installation hinge hole 2e; The installation base surface 2a has four installation holes 2d, and the installation holes 2d are distributed in a matrix;
所述支承座2的安装基面2a通过与其安装孔2d相配合的铆钉或螺栓固定安装于侧架1的端部位置，所述横梁3位于两个侧架1同向端端部的两个支承座2之间，且所述横梁3的两端分别与两个支承座2的安装铰接孔2e铰接；The installation base surface 2a of the support seat 2 is fixedly installed on the end position of the side frame 1 through the rivets or bolts matched with the installation hole 2d, and the cross beam 3 is located at the two ends of the same direction ends of the two side frames 1. Between the support bases 2, and the two ends of the beam 3 are respectively hinged with the installation hinge holes 2e of the two support bases 2;
所述激光位移计与处理器系统4对称安装在横梁3的两端内侧，且所述激光位移计与处理器系统4位于铁路钢轨6正上方，从而用于测量车轮5相对于铁路钢轨6的抬升量，并根据抬升量进行数据处理和判断；The laser displacement meter and the processor system 4 are symmetrically installed on the inner sides of the two ends of the beam 3, and the laser displacement meter and the processor system 4 are located directly above the railway rail 6, so as to measure the distance between the wheel 5 and the railway rail 6 Lifting amount, and data processing and judgment are carried out according to the lifting amount;
所述激光位移计与处理器系统4的处理器采用单片机结构。The processor of the laser displacement gauge and processor system 4 adopts a single-chip microcomputer structure.
本实施例公开的脱轨检测方法，如图4所示，包括以下步骤：The derailment detection method disclosed in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, includes the following steps:
步骤1)：激光位移计与处理器系统4开机，通过激光位移计其本身距离钢轨6上表面的垂向距离数据，第m次采集的数据记为Hm；本实施例选择t＞5s后，通过处理器计算数据的平均值作为本次测量的基准点，记为H0；Step 1): start the laser displacement meter and the processor system 4, and use the vertical distance data of the laser displacement meter itself from the upper surface of the rail 6, and record the data collected for the mth time as Hm ; , the average value of the data calculated by the processor is used as the reference point of this measurement, which is recorded as H 0 ;
步骤2)：Hm与H0求差，即得到车轮5相对于钢轨6的抬升量为hm＝Hm-H0，用于执行判断；Step 2): Calculate the difference between H m and H 0 , that is, the lift of the wheel 5 relative to the rail 6 is obtained as h m =H m −H 0 , which is used for judgment;
步骤3)：如果第m次数值hm值大于所设定的安全值，本实施例设定安全值为12mm，处理器记录本次数据hm，标记为1次；Step 3): If the value h m of the mth time is greater than the set safety value, the safety value is set to 12mm in this embodiment, and the processor records the current data h m and marks it as 1 time;
步骤4)：如果第m+1次数值hm+1大于第m次数值hm，处理器记录本次数据hm+1，标记为2次；Step 4): If the value h m+1 of the m+1th time is greater than the value h m of the mth time, the processor records the current data h m+1 and marks it as 2 times;
步骤5)：如果第m+2次数值hm+2大于第m+1次数值hm+1，标记为3次；Step 5): If the value h m+2 of the m+2th time is greater than the value h m+1 of the m+1th time, mark it as 3 times;
步骤6)：如果连续满足上述步骤3)、步骤4)和步骤5)，则处理器发送报警信号至司机室，直至hm值小于所设定的安全值；Step 6): If the above step 3), step 4) and step 5) are continuously satisfied, the processor sends an alarm signal to the driver's cab until the h m value is less than the set safety value;
步骤7)：如果没有连续满足上述步骤3)、步骤4)和步骤5)，则继续采样判断，不报警。Step 7): If the above step 3), step 4) and step 5) are not continuously satisfied, then continue sampling and judgment without alarm.
结合车轮5爬轨脱轨过程，其脱轨检测具体描述如下：Combined with the climbing and derailing process of the wheel 5, the specific description of its derailment detection is as follows:
一、正常状态1. Normal state
如图5所示，铁道车辆在轨道上正常运行时，车轮5以钢轨6中心线为中心做小幅蛇形运动，车轮5轮缘没有贴靠到钢轨6上，车轮5相对于钢轨6的抬升量hm为零；As shown in Figure 5, when the railway vehicle is running normally on the track, the wheel 5 makes a small serpentine movement centered on the centerline of the rail 6, the rim of the wheel 5 is not attached to the rail 6, and the lifting of the wheel 5 relative to the rail 6 the quantity h m is zero;
二、轮缘贴靠状态2. The state of rim abutment
如图6所示，如果在某种特定条件下，车轮5给钢轨6的横向力很大，而车轮5给钢轨6的垂向力很小，以至车轮5在滚动过程中新的接触点逐渐移向轮缘顶部，车轮5逐渐升高。车轮5相对于钢轨6的抬升量hm值逐渐增大，当hm值大于安全值，处理器记录本次数据hm，标记为1次；As shown in Figure 6, if under certain conditions, the lateral force of the wheel 5 to the rail 6 is very large, while the vertical force of the wheel 5 to the rail 6 is very small, so that the new contact point of the wheel 5 gradually Moving towards the top of the rim, the wheel 5 gradually rises. The lift value h m of the wheel 5 relative to the rail 6 gradually increases, when the h m value is greater than the safety value, the processor records the current data h m and marks it as 1 time;
三、持续爬轨状态3. Continuous track climbing state
如图7所示，如果轮缘上接触点的位置到达轮缘圆弧面上的拐点，即轮缘根部与中部圆弧连接处轮缘倾角最大的一点时，就到达爬轨的临界点。如果在到达临界点以前横向力减小或垂向力增大，则轮对仍可能向下滑动，恢复到原来稳定位置。当接触点超过临界点以后，如果横向力、垂向力的变化不大，车轮5有可能逐渐爬上钢轨6而脱轨。As shown in Figure 7, if the position of the contact point on the rim reaches the inflection point on the arc surface of the rim, that is, the point where the inclination angle of the rim at the junction of the root of the rim and the arc in the middle is the largest, the critical point of track climbing is reached. If the lateral force decreases or the vertical force increases before the critical point is reached, the wheelset may still slide down and return to its original stable position. After the contact point exceeds the critical point, if the lateral force and the vertical force do not change much, the wheel 5 may gradually climb up the rail 6 and derail.
此过程中，车轮5相对于钢轨6的抬升量hm值继续增大，hm+1大于hm，标记为2次，hm+2大于hm+1，标记为3次，然后发送报警信号；During this process, the value h m of the lifting amount of the wheel 5 relative to the rail 6 continues to increase, h m+1 is greater than h m , marked as 2 times, h m+2 is greater than h m+1 , marked as 3 times, and then sent Alarm;
四、脱轨状态4. Derailment status
如图8所示，如果车轮5继续爬轨，就会爬上钢轨6直到轮缘顶部达到钢轨6顶面而脱轨。As shown in Figure 8, if the wheel 5 continues to climb the rail, it will climb up the rail 6 until the top of the wheel rim reaches the top surface of the rail 6 and derails.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105539487A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-04 | 中车长江车辆有限公司 | Derailment inspection device based on side frame positioning and inspection method of derailment inspection device |
| WO2017121177A1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-20 | 中车长江车辆有限公司 | Derailing prevention bogie based on side frame positioning detection and derailing detection method therefor |
| CN107521520A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-29 | 唐智科技湖南发展有限公司 | A kind of method and system of wheel derailment early warning |
| CN112722003A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-30 | 北京昊鹏智能技术有限公司 | Method and equipment for monitoring train derailment risk |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105539487A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-04 | 中车长江车辆有限公司 | Derailment inspection device based on side frame positioning and inspection method of derailment inspection device |
| WO2017121177A1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-20 | 中车长江车辆有限公司 | Derailing prevention bogie based on side frame positioning detection and derailing detection method therefor |
| CN105539487B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-03-13 | 中车长江车辆有限公司 | Derail detector and its detection method based on side frame positioning |
| CN107521520A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-29 | 唐智科技湖南发展有限公司 | A kind of method and system of wheel derailment early warning |
| CN107521520B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-04-05 | 唐智科技湖南发展有限公司 | A kind of method and system of wheel derailment early warning |
| CN112722003A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-30 | 北京昊鹏智能技术有限公司 | Method and equipment for monitoring train derailment risk |
| CN112722003B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2022-12-13 | 北京昊鹏智能技术有限公司 | Method and equipment for monitoring train derailment risk |
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