CN205262537U - Measure device of irregular solid volume - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种测量不规则固体体积的装置，其装样室设有气体入口和压力传感器，气体入口通过对外连接的第一阀门与外部气体相连通，压力传感器与第一计算机连接；测量室上设有气体入口，气体入口通过对外连接的第一阀门与外部气体相连通；储油室和测量室通过管道连接，管道上设有第二阀门，储油室的气体入口连接管道，管道上设有第三阀门；空压机和储油室通过单通道控制器连接，单通道控制器与第三阀门连接，单通道控制器可以把空压机输出的气体定压定流速地输进储油室，单通道控制器与第二计算机连接，其输出气体的压力和流速是通过第二计算机上的软件来实现。本装置结构简单，操作方便，而且费用低廉。
The utility model discloses a device for measuring the volume of irregular solids. The sample loading chamber is provided with a gas inlet and a pressure sensor. The gas inlet communicates with external gas through a first valve connected to the outside, and the pressure sensor is connected with a first computer; The measuring chamber is provided with a gas inlet, and the gas inlet is connected with the external gas through the first valve connected to the outside; the oil storage chamber and the measuring chamber are connected through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a second valve, and the gas inlet of the oil storage chamber is connected to the pipeline. There is a third valve on the pipeline; the air compressor and the oil storage chamber are connected through a single-channel controller, and the single-channel controller is connected to the third valve. Into the oil storage chamber, the single-channel controller is connected with the second computer, and the pressure and flow rate of the output gas are realized by the software on the second computer. The device has simple structure, convenient operation and low cost.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及固体体积的测量技术，具体是一种测量不规则固体体积的装置，应用范围广，比如岩土工程测量不规则土体的体积变化、农业育种时测量种子的体积、材料科学中测量各种材料的体积、化学化工中测量不规则化学固体的体积等。The utility model relates to the measurement technology of solid volume, in particular to a device for measuring irregular solid volume, which has a wide range of applications, such as measuring the volume change of irregular soil in geotechnical engineering, measuring the volume of seeds in agricultural breeding, and in material science. Measure the volume of various materials, measure the volume of irregular chemical solids in chemical engineering, etc.
背景技术Background technique
体积测量，特别是不规则物体的体积测量，在诸多领域有着广泛的要求，如岩土试验中测量变化土体的体积、材料科学中测量材料的体积、农业育种时测量种子的体积等，所以精确测量不规则物体的体积，对生产和科研有着举足轻重的作用。但是，目前各种测量仪器中，没有直接测量不规则固体体积且不污染固体的仪器。目前，直接测量固体体积的方法都是针对规则固体的，如立方体、球等，通过测量长、宽、高或者直径，再利用数学公式计算出体积；对于比较均匀的固体，查出其密度，通过测量其质量计算出体积；对于不规则物体，目前利用最多的就是利用阿基米德原理，即所谓的“湿法”。以上方法都不能直接测量不规则固体的体积且不污染固体。目前可测量不规则固体体积的高精度仪器是采用三维超声法，一般都用在医学上，且测量费用比较昂贵。Volume measurement, especially the volume measurement of irregular objects, has a wide range of requirements in many fields, such as measuring the volume of changing soil in rock and soil testing, measuring the volume of materials in material science, and measuring the volume of seeds in agricultural breeding, etc., so Accurately measuring the volume of irregular objects plays a pivotal role in production and scientific research. However, among various measuring instruments at present, there is no instrument that directly measures the volume of irregular solids without polluting the solids. At present, the methods of directly measuring the volume of solids are all aimed at regular solids, such as cubes, spheres, etc., by measuring the length, width, height or diameter, and then using mathematical formulas to calculate the volume; for relatively uniform solids, find out their density, The volume is calculated by measuring its mass; for irregular objects, the most widely used method is to use Archimedes' principle, the so-called "wet method". None of the above methods can directly measure the volume of irregular solids without polluting the solids. At present, the high-precision instrument that can measure the volume of irregular solids uses three-dimensional ultrasonic method, which is generally used in medicine, and the measurement cost is relatively expensive.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型根据气体在低温低压下P-V-T间的关系服从理想气体状态方程，利用这个关系来测量不规则固体的体积。According to the relationship between P-V-T of gas under low temperature and low pressure, the utility model obeys the ideal gas state equation, and uses this relationship to measure the volume of irregular solids.
当环境温度不变，气体的压力与体积的方程为：When the ambient temperature remains constant, the equation for the pressure and volume of a gas is:
P0●V0＝P1●V1(1)P 0 ●V 0 =P 1 ●V 1 (1)
式中：P0、V0分别为初始状态的气体压力和体积；P1、V1分别为压缩后的气体压力和体积。In the formula: P 0 , V 0 are the gas pressure and volume in the initial state, respectively; P 1 , V 1 are the gas pressure and volume after compression, respectively.
参照图2所示，当对一个密闭的装置进行压缩时,已知压力室截面积为A，压缩前压力室的气体压力为P0，压缩后的气体压力为P1，压缩前活塞的位置为h2，压缩后活塞的位置为h3，△V＝A·(h2-h3),△P＝P1-P0，气体的压力与体积的方程为：Referring to Figure 2, when compressing a closed device, the cross-sectional area of the pressure chamber is known as A, the gas pressure in the pressure chamber before compression is P 0 , the gas pressure after compression is P 1 , and the position of the piston before compression is h 2 , the position of the piston after compression is h 3 , △V=A·(h 2 -h 3 ), △P=P 1 -P 0 , the equation of gas pressure and volume is:
P0●V0＝(P0+Δp)●(V0-ΔV)(2)P 0 ●V 0 =(P 0 +Δp) ●(V 0 -ΔV)(2)
即which is
式中：P0、V0分别为初始状态的气体压力和体积；△P、△V分别为压缩后的气体压力和体积的压缩量。In the formula: P 0 and V 0 are the gas pressure and volume in the initial state, respectively; △P, △V are the gas pressure and volume after compression, respectively.
若在装置中放置一个已知体积为VC的固体时，再对气体进行同样大小的压缩，此时压缩前压力室的气体压力为P2，压缩后的气体压力为P3，△Pc＝P3-P2气体的压力与体积的方程为：If a solid with a known volume V C is placed in the device, and the gas is compressed to the same size, the gas pressure in the pressure chamber before compression is P 2 , and the gas pressure after compression is P 3 , △Pc= The equation of pressure and volume of P 3 -P 2 gas is:
式中：P0、V0为初始状态的气体压力和体积；△V为式(2)中的气体体积压缩量；△Pc为放进已知体积的固体后压力的变化量。In the formula: P 0 and V 0 are the gas pressure and volume in the initial state; △V is the gas volume compression in formula (2); △Pc is the change in pressure after putting a known volume of solid.
同样若在装置中放置一个未知体积的固体时，该固体体积设为Vx，再进行同样大小的压缩，则气体的压力与体积的方程为：Similarly, if a solid of unknown volume is placed in the device, the volume of the solid is set to Vx, and then the same size of compression is performed, the equation of the pressure and volume of the gas is:
式中：P0、V0分别为初始状态的气体压力和体积；△V为式(2)中的气体体积压缩量；Vx为待测固体的体积(未知)；△Px为放进待测固体后压力的变化量。In the formula: P 0 and V 0 are the gas pressure and volume in the initial state respectively; △V is the gas volume compression in formula (2); Vx is the volume of the solid to be measured (unknown); △Px is the The amount of change in pressure after a solid.
联立以上(3)(4)(5)三式得：Combine the above three formulas (3) (4) (5) to get:
通过计算可得出未知固体的体积。The volume of the unknown solid can be obtained by calculation.
本实用新型的目的在于提供了一种快速精确测量不规则固体体积的装置，测量前后不会对固体造成污染。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a device for quickly and accurately measuring the volume of irregular solids, which will not pollute the solids before and after the measurement.
实现本实用新型目的的技术方案是：The technical scheme that realizes the utility model purpose is:
一种测量不规则固体体积的装置，包括装样室、测量室、储油室、空压机、阀门、单通道控制器、压力传感器、第一计算机和第二计算机；装样室为一带有盖体的密封钢质容器，用于放置待测的不规则固体；装样室的盖体上设有气体入口和压力传感器，气体入口通过对外连接的第一阀门与外部气体相连通，压力传感器与第一计算机连接；测量室为一透明的钢化玻璃室，室壁上设有刻度，测量室上设有气体入口，气体入口通过对外连接的第一阀门与外部气体相连通；储油室一为密封钢质容器，室内装有轻质液压油，储油室和测量室通过管道连接，管道上设有第二阀门，储油室上设有气体入口，气体入口连接管道，管道上设有第三阀门；空压机为装置提供压力来源，空压机和储油室通过单通道控制器连接，单通道控制器与第三阀门连接，单通道控制器可以把空压机输出的气体定压定流速地输进储油室，单通道控制器与第二计算机连接，其输出气体的压力和流速是通过第二计算机来控制。A device for measuring the volume of irregular solids, comprising a sample loading room, a measuring room, an oil storage room, an air compressor, a valve, a single-channel controller, a pressure sensor, a first computer and a second computer; the sample loading room is a The sealed steel container of the cover is used to place the irregular solid to be tested; the cover of the sample loading chamber is provided with a gas inlet and a pressure sensor, the gas inlet is connected to the outside gas through the first valve connected to the outside, and the pressure sensor It is connected with the first computer; the measuring chamber is a transparent tempered glass chamber with a scale on the chamber wall, and a gas inlet is arranged on the measuring chamber, and the gas inlet communicates with the outside gas through the first valve connected to the outside; the oil storage chamber one In order to seal the steel container, light hydraulic oil is installed in the room. The oil storage room and the measurement room are connected by pipelines. The pipeline is equipped with a second valve. The oil storage room is equipped with a gas inlet. The third valve; the air compressor provides the pressure source for the device, the air compressor and the oil storage chamber are connected through a single-channel controller, and the single-channel controller is connected with the third valve, and the single-channel controller can set the output gas of the air compressor The pressure and flow rate are input into the oil storage chamber, and the single-channel controller is connected with the second computer, and the pressure and flow rate of the output gas are controlled by the second computer.
所述压力传感器与第一计算机连接，压力传感器可以精确测量装置内的压力值，并输送显示到第一计算机上实时读取压力传感器采集的压力值；第二计算机连接单通道控制器，在第二计算机上通过相关软件控制单通道控制器，以控制进入装置气体的压力和流速。The pressure sensor is connected with the first computer, the pressure sensor can accurately measure the pressure value in the device, and send and display to the first computer to read the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor in real time; the second computer is connected to the single-channel controller, 2. The single-channel controller is controlled by related software on the computer to control the pressure and flow rate of the gas entering the device.
第一阀门控制外界进入装样室和测量室的气体量，第二阀门连接测量室和储油室，第三阀门控制空压机气体进入装置的气体量。The first valve controls the amount of gas entering the sample loading chamber and the measuring chamber from the outside, the second valve connects the measuring chamber and the oil storage chamber, and the third valve controls the amount of gas entering the device from the air compressor.
应用本实用新型测量不规则固体体积的装置测量不规则固体体积的方法，包括在装置的装样室不放置固体时的压缩实验，在装样室放入已知体积的标准样块时的压缩实验，以及在装样室放入待测固体时的压缩实验，具体步骤如下：The method for measuring the volume of irregular solids using the device for measuring the volume of irregular solids of the utility model includes compression experiments when no solid is placed in the sample loading chamber of the device, and compression experiments when a standard sample block of known volume is placed in the sample loading chamber. Experiment, and the compression experiment when the solid to be tested is placed in the sample loading chamber, the specific steps are as follows:
(1)在装样室中不放置固体进行压缩实验，打开第一计算机实时监测装样室的压力变化；(1) Carry out the compression experiment without placing a solid in the sample loading chamber, and open the first computer to monitor the pressure change in the sample loading chamber in real time;
(2)打开第一阀门，使装样室、测量室与大气相通；(2) Open the first valve so that the sample loading room and the measuring room are communicated with the atmosphere;
(3)打开空压机，使空压机产生气压并储藏在自身的储气罐里；(3) Turn on the air compressor to make the air compressor generate air pressure and store it in its own air storage tank;
(4)打开第二计算机，通过软件控制单通道控制器控制通入储油室气体的压力为10kPa、流量为50sccm；(4) Open the second computer, and control the pressure of the gas passing into the oil storage chamber by software to control the single-channel controller to be 10kPa and the flow rate to be 50sccm;
(5)从第一计算机读取此时装样室的压力值，用P1表示，P1一般为0；( 5 ) Read the pressure value of the sample chamber at this time from the first computer, expressed by P1, and P1 is generally 0;
(6)依次打开第三阀门、第二阀门，随着气体进入储油室，储油室里的压强越来越大，使储油室里的油进入测量室；(6) Open the third valve and the second valve in turn, and as the gas enters the oil storage chamber, the pressure in the oil storage chamber increases, so that the oil in the oil storage chamber enters the measuring chamber;
(7)不断通过第二计算机控制调整流入10kPa-30kPa气体压力和50sccm-100sccm流量，使测量室里的油面高度到达压缩前的高度，压缩前的油面高度用h0表示，此时迅速依次关闭第二阀门、第三阀门，通过第二计算机控制关闭单通道控制器输出的气流；(7) Constantly adjust the gas pressure of 10kPa-30kPa and the flow rate of 50sccm -100sccm through the second computer control, so that the height of the oil level in the measuring chamber reaches the height before compression. Close the second valve and the third valve in turn, and close the airflow output by the single-channel controller through the second computer control;
(8)关闭第一阀门，使装样室、测量室与大气隔绝；(8) Close the first valve to isolate the sample loading room and the measuring room from the atmosphere;
(9)再通过第二计算机控制使单通道控制器输出10kPa-60kPa的气压和200sccm-300sccm流量；(9) make the single-channel controller output the air pressure of 10kPa-60kPa and the flow rate of 200sccm-300sccm through the second computer control;
(10)依次打开第三阀门、第二阀门，使测量室里的油面高度上升一个确定的值△h，根据固体的大小自行设置，迅速关闭第二阀门、第三阀门，已知测量室的截面积为A，则气体体积压缩量△V＝A·△h，再通过第二计算机控制使单通道控制器输出的气流压力和流量都为0；(10) Open the third valve and the second valve in turn to raise the oil level in the measuring chamber by a certain value △h, set it by yourself according to the size of the solid, and quickly close the second valve and the third valve, and the measuring chamber is known The cross-sectional area of the gas is A, then the gas volume compression △V=A·△h, and then controlled by the second computer so that the air pressure and flow output by the single-channel controller are both 0;
(11)从第一计算机读取此时装样室里的压力值，用P2表示；(11) read the pressure value in the sample chamber at this time from the first computer, represented by P2 ;
(12)依次打开第三阀门、第二阀门、第一阀门，使测量室里的油流回储油室，当测量室里的油面到达h0时，迅速关闭第二阀门、第三阀门；(12) Open the third valve, the second valve, and the first valve in turn, so that the oil in the measuring chamber flows back to the oil storage chamber, and when the oil level in the measuring chamber reaches h0 , quickly close the second valve and the third valve ;
(13)此时△V＝A·△h，△P＝P2-P1；(13) At this time, △V=A·△h, △P=P 2 -P 1 ;
(14)打开装样室，放进一个已知体积的标准样块，其体积为Vc；(14) Open sample loading chamber, put into a standard sample block of known volume, its volume is Vc;
(15)打开第一阀门，使装样室、测量室与大气相通；(15) Open the first valve so that the sample loading chamber and the measuring chamber communicate with the atmosphere;
(16)打开第二计算机，通过软件控制单通道控制器控制通入储油室气体的压力为10kPa、流量为50sccm；(16) Open the second computer, and control the pressure of the gas passing into the oil storage chamber by software to control the single-channel controller to be 10kPa and the flow rate to be 50sccm;
(17)从第一计算机读取此时装样室的压力值，用Pc1表示，Pc1一般为0；(17) Read the pressure value of the sample chamber at this time from the first computer, expressed by P c1 , P c1 is generally 0;
(18)依次打开第三阀门、第二阀门，随着气体进入储油室，储油室里的压强越来越大，使储油室里的油进入测量室；(18) Open the third valve and the second valve in sequence, and as the gas enters the oil storage chamber, the pressure in the oil storage chamber increases, so that the oil in the oil storage chamber enters the measuring chamber;
(19)不断通过第二计算机控制调整流入10kPa-30kPa气体压力和50sccm-100sccm流量，使测量室里的油面高度到达压缩前的高度h0，此时迅速依次关闭第二阀门、第三阀门，通过第二计算机控制使单通道控制器输出的气流压力和流量都为0；(19) Constantly adjust the gas pressure of 10kPa-30kPa and the flow rate of 50sccm-100sccm through the second computer control, so that the oil level in the measurement chamber reaches the height h 0 before compression, and at this time, quickly close the second valve and the third valve in sequence , through the second computer control, the air pressure and flow rate output by the single-channel controller are both 0;
(20)关闭第一阀门，使装样室、测量室与大气隔绝；(20) Close the first valve to isolate the sample loading chamber and the measuring chamber from the atmosphere;
(21)通过第二计算机控制使单通道控制器输出一个与步骤(9)相同的气压和流量；(21) make the single-channel controller output an air pressure and flow identical with step (9) by second computer control;
(22)依次打开第三阀门、第二阀门，使测量室里的油面上升一个同步骤(10)相同的值△h后，迅速关闭第二阀门、第三阀门，已知测量室的截面积为A，则气体压缩量为△V＝A·△h，通过第二计算机控制使单通道控制器输出的气流压力和流速都为0；(22) Open the third valve and the second valve in turn to raise the oil level in the measuring chamber by the same value △h as in step (10), and then quickly close the second valve and the third valve. If the area is A, then the gas compression amount is △V=A·△h, and the air pressure and flow rate output by the single-channel controller are both 0 through the second computer control;
(23)从第一计算机读取此时装样室里的压力值，用Pc2表示；(23) Read the pressure value in the sample chamber at this time from the first computer, expressed by P c2 ;
(24)依次打开第三阀门、第二阀门、第一阀门，使测量室里的油流回储油室，当测量室里的油面到达压缩前的高度h0时，迅速关闭第二阀门、第三阀门；(24) Open the third valve, the second valve, and the first valve in turn, so that the oil in the measuring chamber flows back to the oil storage chamber, and when the oil level in the measuring chamber reaches the height h 0 before compression, quickly close the second valve , the third valve;
(25)此时Vc已知，气体压力变化值△Pc＝Pc2-Pc1；(25) V c is known at this time, and the gas pressure change value △P c =P c2 -P c1 ;
(26)打开装样室，拿出标准样块，放进待测固体，再盖紧装样室；(26) Open the sample loading room, take out the standard sample block, put the solid to be tested, and then close the sample loading room;
(27)打开第二计算机，通过软件控制单通道控制器控制通入储油室气体的压力为10kPa、流量为50sccm；(27) Open the second computer, and control the pressure of the gas entering the oil storage chamber by software to control the single-channel controller to be 10kPa and the flow rate to be 50sccm;
(28)从第一计算机读取此时装样室的压力值，用Px1表示，Px1一般为0；(28) Read the pressure value of the loading chamber at this time from the first computer, expressed by P x1 , P x1 is generally 0;
(29)依次打开第三阀门、第二阀门，随着气体进入储油室，储油室里的压强越来越大，使储油室里的油进入测量室；(29) Open the third valve and the second valve in turn, and as the gas enters the oil storage chamber, the pressure in the oil storage chamber becomes larger and larger, so that the oil in the oil storage chamber enters the measuring chamber;
(30)不断通过第二计算机控制调整流入10kPa-30kPa气体压力和50sccm-100sccm流量，使测量室里的油面高度到达压缩前的高度h0，此时迅速依次关闭第二阀门、第三阀门，通过第二计算机控制使单通道控制器输出的气流压力和流量都为0；(30) Constantly adjust the gas pressure of 10kPa-30kPa and the flow rate of 50sccm-100sccm through the second computer control, so that the oil level in the measuring chamber reaches the height h 0 before compression, and at this time, quickly close the second valve and the third valve in sequence , through the second computer control, the air pressure and flow rate output by the single-channel controller are both 0;
(31)关闭第一阀门，使装样室、测量室与大气隔绝；(31) Close the first valve to isolate the sample loading chamber and the measuring chamber from the atmosphere;
(32)通过第二计算机控制使单通道控制器输出一个与步骤(9)相同的气压和流量；(32) make the single-channel controller output an air pressure and flow identical with step (9) through the second computer control;
(33)依次打开第三阀门、第二阀门，使测量室里的油面上升一个同步骤(10)相同的值△h后，迅速关闭第二阀门、第三阀门，已知测量室的截面积为A，则气体压缩量为△V＝A·△h，通过第二计算机控制使单通道控制器输出的气流压力和流速都为0；(33) Open the third valve and the second valve in turn to make the oil level in the measuring chamber rise by the same value △h as in step (10), and then quickly close the second valve and the third valve. If the area is A, then the gas compression amount is △V=A·△h, and the air pressure and flow rate output by the single-channel controller are both 0 through the second computer control;
(34)从第一计算机读取此时装样室里的压力值，用Px2表示；(34) read the pressure value in the sample chamber at this time from the first computer, and express with P x2 ;
(35)依次打开第三阀门、第二阀门、第一阀门，使测量室里的油流回储油室，当测量室里的油面到达压缩前的高度h0时，迅速关闭第二阀门、第三阀门；(35) Open the third valve, the second valve, and the first valve in sequence, so that the oil in the measuring chamber flows back to the oil storage chamber, and when the oil level in the measuring chamber reaches the height h 0 before compression, quickly close the second valve , the third valve;
(39)此时△Px＝Px2-Px1；(39) At this time, △P x ＝P x2 -P x1 ;
(40)通过上述反复三次试验可以求出△V＝A·△h，△P＝P2－P1；(40) △V=A·△h, △P=P 2 -P 1 can be obtained by repeating the above three tests;
△Pc＝Pc2-Pc1，△Px＝Px2-Px1，Vc已知，再通过下式△P c ＝P c2 -P c1 , △P x ＝P x2 -P x1 , V c is known, and then through the following formula
可计算出不规则固体的体积Vx的值。The value of the volume Vx of the irregular solid can be calculated.
本实用新型的优点：Advantage of the utility model:
1、应用本实用新型装置可以准确测量不规则固体的体积，方法简单可靠且费用低，最重要的是测量不规则固体时不会污染待测固体。1. The volume of irregular solids can be accurately measured by using the device of the utility model. The method is simple, reliable and low in cost. The most important thing is that the solids to be measured will not be polluted when measuring irregular solids.
2、本实用新型利用压力和体积的变化量，避免受初始和终止条件的影响，使测量结果更准确。2. The utility model utilizes the variation of pressure and volume to avoid being affected by the initial and termination conditions, so that the measurement results are more accurate.
3、本实用新型与现有技术把通入气体的体积作为压缩量的假设不同，本实用新型以测量室实际油量的变化作为压缩量，排出气体的体积随压力变化得误差小，使测量更为准确。3. The utility model is different from the assumption that the volume of the gas introduced into the prior art is used as the compression amount. The utility model uses the change of the actual oil volume in the measurement chamber as the compression amount, and the volume of the discharged gas changes with the pressure so that the error is small, so that the measurement more accurate.
4、本实用新型装置采用了高精度压力传感器，使测量的压力更为准确可靠。4. The device of the utility model adopts a high-precision pressure sensor, which makes the measured pressure more accurate and reliable.
5、本实用新型装置的压缩量是通过测量室油量的变化体现的，装置所用的油为低压缩的液压轻质油，避免了高压下液体体积的压缩受重力的影响。5. The compression amount of the device of the utility model is reflected by the change of the oil volume in the measuring chamber. The oil used in the device is low-compression hydraulic light oil, which avoids the impact of gravity on the compression of the liquid volume under high pressure.
6、本实用新型装置在读取测量室液面高度时极大地减小了误差。6. The device of the utility model greatly reduces the error when reading the height of the liquid level in the measuring chamber.
7、本实用新型装置中单通道控制器可以准确地控制空压机输出的气体，以恒定的流速和压力输入储油室。7. The single-channel controller in the device of the utility model can accurately control the gas output by the air compressor, and input the gas into the oil storage chamber at a constant flow rate and pressure.
8、本实用新型装置所用的连接管和空气和液压油之间的摩擦很小。8. The friction between the connecting pipe used in the device of the present invention and air and hydraulic oil is very small.
9、本实用新型装置全部采用计算机采集数据和输出命令，智能准确。9. The device of the utility model adopts computers to collect data and output commands, which is intelligent and accurate.
10、本实用新型是一种新型的测量不规则固体体积的装置，结构简单，操作方便，而且费用低廉。10. The utility model is a new device for measuring the volume of irregular solids, which has simple structure, convenient operation and low cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型测量不规则固体体积的装置结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the device structural representation of the utility model measuring irregular solid volume;
图中，1.装样室2.测量室3.储油室4.空压机5.第一计算机6.第二计算机7.压力传感器8.第一阀门9.第二阀门10.第三阀门11.单通道控制器12.轻质液压油13.待测固体h0.测量室液压油的初始位置h1.测量室压缩后液压油的位置。In the figure, 1. Sample loading room 2. Measuring room 3. Oil storage room 4. Air compressor 5. First computer 6. Second computer 7. Pressure sensor 8. First valve 9. Second valve 10. Third Valve 11. Single channel controller 12. Light hydraulic oil 13. Solid to be measured h 0. Initial position of the hydraulic oil in the measuring chamber h 1. The position of the hydraulic oil after the measuring chamber is compressed.
图2为本实用新型的原理示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the utility model;
图中，14.压力室15.活塞16.压力表17.固体h2.活塞初始位置h3.活塞压缩后的位置。In the figure, 14. Pressure chamber 15. Piston 16. Pressure gauge 17. Solid h 2. Piston initial position h 3. Piston position after compression.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型内容作进一步的说明，但并不是对本实用新型的限定。The content of the utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but it is not a limitation of the utility model.
参照图1，一种测量不规则固体体积的装置，包括装样室1、测量室2、储油室3、空压机4、第一阀门8、第二阀门9、第三阀门10、单通道控制器11、压力传感器7、第一计算机5和第二计算机6；装样室1为一带有盖体的密封钢质容器，用于放置待测的不规则固体13；装样室1的盖体上设有气体入口和压力传感器7，气体入口通过对外连接的第一阀门8与外部气体相连通，压力传感器7与第一计算机5连接；测量室2为一透明的钢化玻璃室，室壁上设有刻度，测量室2上设有气体入口，气体入口通过对外连接的第一阀门8与外部气体相连通；储油室3一为密封钢质容器，室内装有轻质液压油12，储油室3和测量室2通过管道连接，管道上设有第二阀门9，储油室3上设有气体入口，气体入口连接管道，管道上设有第三阀门10；空压机4为装置提供压力来源，空压机4和储油室3通过单通道控制器11连接，单通道控制器11与第三阀门10连接，单通道控制器11可以把空压机4输出的气体定压定流速地输进储油室3，单通道控制器11与第二计算机6连接，其输出气体的压力和流速是通过第二计算机6来控制。Referring to Figure 1, a device for measuring the volume of irregular solids includes a sample loading chamber 1, a measuring chamber 2, an oil storage chamber 3, an air compressor 4, a first valve 8, a second valve 9, a third valve 10, a single Channel controller 11, pressure sensor 7, first computer 5 and second computer 6; Sample loading room 1 is a sealed steel container with a cover, for placing irregular solids 13 to be measured; The cover is provided with a gas inlet and a pressure sensor 7, the gas inlet communicates with the outside air through the first valve 8 connected to the outside, and the pressure sensor 7 is connected with the first computer 5; the measuring chamber 2 is a transparent tempered glass chamber, the chamber There is a scale on the wall, and a gas inlet is provided on the measuring chamber 2, and the gas inlet is connected to the outside gas through the first valve 8 connected to the outside; the oil storage chamber 3 is a sealed steel container, and the chamber is equipped with light hydraulic oil 12 , the oil storage chamber 3 and the measurement chamber 2 are connected by a pipeline, the pipeline is provided with a second valve 9, the oil storage chamber 3 is provided with a gas inlet, the gas inlet is connected to the pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a third valve 10; the air compressor 4 To provide a pressure source for the device, the air compressor 4 and the oil storage chamber 3 are connected through a single-channel controller 11, and the single-channel controller 11 is connected to the third valve 10, and the single-channel controller 11 can set the output gas of the air compressor 4 The pressure and flow rate are input into the oil storage chamber 3, and the single-channel controller 11 is connected with the second computer 6, and the pressure and flow rate of the output gas are controlled by the second computer 6.
上述测量不规则固体体积的装置所用设备如下：The equipment used in the above-mentioned device for measuring the volume of irregular solids is as follows:
第一、二计算机5和6为戴尔牌计算机，处理器为Intel(R)PentiumCPUG6302.7Hz，安装内存为2G，32位操作系统。The first and second computers 5 and 6 are Dell computers, the processor is Intel(R) Pentium CPUG630 2.7Hz, the installed memory is 2G, and the 32-bit operating system.
第一计算机5使用的软件为英国GDS公司生产的GDS软件GDSLABV2，可以采集压力传感器7读取的压力变化。The software used by the first computer 5 is the GDS software GDSLABV2 produced by the British GDS company, which can collect the pressure changes read by the pressure sensor 7 .
第二计算机6使用的软件为英国GDS公司生产的GDS软件GDSLABV2，可以控制与第二计算机6连接的单通道控制器11，以控制进入系统气体的压力和流量。The software used by the second computer 6 is GDS software GDSLABV2 produced by the British GDS company, which can control the single-channel controller 11 connected to the second computer 6 to control the pressure and flow of gas entering the system.
压力传感器7为英国GDS公司生产的压力传感器，可以精确量测系统内的压力值，并输送到第一计算机5。The pressure sensor 7 is a pressure sensor produced by the British GDS company, which can accurately measure the pressure value in the system and send it to the first computer 5 .
装样室1，采用英国GDS公司生产的Bishop&Wesley标准应力路径压力室，抗压力为2MPa，量程为0-1MPa，精度为≤0.1％PSO，尺寸为直径80mm，高200mm的圆柱型室体，材质为钢质，目的是压缩前后减少测量室体积的变化；装样室1的中部有螺纹，可以拧开，以便放样。Sample loading chamber 1 adopts Bishop&Wesley standard stress path pressure chamber produced by British GDS company, with a pressure resistance of 2MPa, a measuring range of 0-1MPa, an accuracy of ≤0.1% PSO, a cylindrical chamber with a diameter of 80mm and a height of 200mm. It is made of steel, and the purpose is to reduce the volume change of the measuring chamber before and after compression; the middle part of the sample loading chamber 1 has threads, which can be unscrewed for setting out.
测量室2，直径50mm，高200mm的圆柱型室，材质为透明的钢化玻璃，室壁上有刻度。在压力小于1MPa下，体积变化小于0.1％，且要求与油的浸润角比较小。Measuring chamber 2, a cylindrical chamber with a diameter of 50mm and a height of 200mm, made of transparent tempered glass, with scales on the chamber wall. Under the pressure of less than 1MPa, the volume change is less than 0.1%, and the wetting angle with oil is required to be relatively small.
储油室3，直径100mm，高200mm的圆柱型室，材质为钢质容器，室内装有轻质液压油12。装置内气体体积的变化是用油量体现的，储油室3为测量室2提供油量，且在压力小于1MPa时，体积不变化。The oil storage chamber 3 is a cylindrical chamber with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm. The material is a steel container, and light hydraulic oil 12 is housed in the chamber. The change of the gas volume in the device is represented by the amount of oil, and the oil storage chamber 3 provides the oil amount for the measurement chamber 2, and when the pressure is less than 1MPa, the volume does not change.
单通道控制器11，采用英国GDS公司生产的双通道控制器的基础上改进的。一边连接空压机4，另一边连接储油室3。单通道控制器11可以把空压机4输出的气体定压定流速地输进储油室3，调节输出气体的压力和流速是通过第二计算机6来控制。The single-channel controller 11 is improved on the basis of the dual-channel controller produced by the British GDS company. One side is connected with the air compressor 4, and the other side is connected with the oil storage chamber 3. The single-channel controller 11 can input the gas output by the air compressor 4 into the oil storage chamber 3 at a constant pressure and a constant flow rate, and the pressure and flow rate of the output gas are controlled by the second computer 6 .
空压机4，采用台湾洛科Rocker320无油活塞式空压机，最大压力为80psi和流量为12l/min，空压机4在出气口装有滤芯、可过滤粉尘、水汽，以净化进气增加空气打出的纯净度。Air compressor 4 adopts Rocker320 oil-free piston air compressor from Taiwan, with a maximum pressure of 80psi and a flow rate of 12l/min. Air compressor 4 is equipped with a filter element at the air outlet to filter dust and water vapor to purify the intake air Increase the purity of the air shot.
本实用新型装置所用的管道为6mm的有机玻璃管，与空气和液压油之间的摩擦很小，可以忽略。The used pipeline of the utility model device is a plexiglass tube of 6 mm, and the friction with air and hydraulic oil is very small and can be ignored.
应用本实用新型测量不规则固体体积的装置测量不规则固体体积的方法，包括如下步骤：The method for measuring the volume of irregular solids using the device for measuring the volume of irregular solids of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1)在装样室1中不放置固体进行压缩实验，打开第一计算机5实时监测装样室1的压力变化；(1) No solid is placed in the sample loading chamber 1 to carry out the compression experiment, and the first computer 5 is turned on to monitor the pressure change of the sample loading chamber 1 in real time;
(2)打开第一阀门8，使装样室1、测量室2与大气相通；(2) Open the first valve 8 to make the sample loading chamber 1 and the measuring chamber 2 communicate with the atmosphere;
(3)打开空压机4，使空压机4产生气压并储藏在自身的储气罐里；(3) Open the air compressor 4 to make the air compressor 4 generate air pressure and store it in its own air storage tank;
(4)打开第二计算机6，通过软件控制单通道控制器11控制通入储油室3气体的压力为10kPa、流量为50sccm；(4) Open the second computer 6, and control the pressure of passing into the oil storage chamber 3 gas by software to control the single-channel controller 11 to be 10kPa and the flow rate to be 50sccm;
(5)从第一计算机5读取此时装样室1的压力值，用P1表示，P1一般为0；(5) read the pressure value of the loading sample chamber 1 at this time from the first computer 5, represented by P1, and P1 is generally 0;
(6)依次打开第三阀门10、第二阀门9，随着气体进入储油室3，储油室3里的压强越来越大，使储油室3里的油进入测量室2；(6) Open the third valve 10 and the second valve 9 in sequence, and as the gas enters the oil storage chamber 3, the pressure in the oil storage chamber 3 increases, so that the oil in the oil storage chamber 3 enters the measuring chamber 2;
(7)不断通过第二计算机6控制调整流入10kPa-30kPa气体压力和50sccm-100sccm流量，使测量室2里的油面高度到达压缩前的高度，压缩前的油面高度用h0表示，此时迅速依次关闭第二阀门9、第三阀门10，通过第二计算机6控制关闭单通道控制器11输出的气流；(7) Constantly adjust the gas pressure of 10kPa-30kPa and the flow rate of 50sccm-100sccm through the second computer 6, so that the oil level height in the measuring chamber 2 reaches the height before compression, and the oil level height before compression is represented by h0 , here When closing the second valve 9 and the third valve 10 rapidly in sequence, the air flow output by the single-channel controller 11 is controlled and closed by the second computer 6;
(8)关闭第一阀门8，使装样室1、测量室2与大气隔绝；(8) Close the first valve 8 to isolate the sample loading chamber 1 and the measuring chamber 2 from the atmosphere;
(9)再通过第二计算机6控制使单通道控制器11输出30kPa气体压力和250sccm流量；(9) make single-channel controller 11 output 30kPa gas pressure and 250sccm flow through second computer 6 control again;
(10)依次打开第三阀门10、第二阀门9，使测量室2里的油面高度上升一个确定的值△h，根据固体的大小自行设置，迅速关闭第二阀门9、第三阀门10，已知测量室2的截面积为A，则气体压缩量△V＝A·△h，再通过第二计算机6控制使单通道控制器11输出的气流压力和流量都为0；(10) Open the third valve 10 and the second valve 9 in turn to raise the oil level in the measuring chamber 2 by a certain value △h, set it according to the size of the solid, and quickly close the second valve 9 and the third valve 10 , it is known that the cross-sectional area of the measuring chamber 2 is A, then the gas compression amount ΔV=A·Δh, and then controlled by the second computer 6 so that the output pressure and flow rate of the single-channel controller 11 are both 0;
(11)从第一计算机5读取此时装样室1里的压力值，用P2表示；(11) read the pressure value in the sample chamber 1 at this time from the first computer 5 , represented by P2;
(12)依次打开第三阀门10、第二阀门9、第一阀门8，使测量室2里的油流回储油室3，当测量室2里的油面到达h0时，迅速关闭第二阀门9、第三阀门10；(12) Open the third valve 10, the second valve 9, and the first valve 8 in sequence, so that the oil in the measuring chamber 2 flows back to the oil storage chamber 3, and when the oil level in the measuring chamber 2 reaches h 0 , quickly close the second valve Second valve 9, third valve 10;
(13)此时△V＝A·△h，△p＝P2-P1；(13) At this time, △V=A·△h, △p=P 2 -P 1 ;
(14)打开装样室1，放进一个已知体积的标准试样，其体积为Vc；(14) Open sample loading chamber 1, put into a standard sample of known volume, its volume is Vc;
(15)打开第一阀门8，使装样室1、测量室2与大气相通；(15) Open the first valve 8 to make the sample loading chamber 1 and the measuring chamber 2 communicate with the atmosphere;
(16)打开第二计算机6，通过软件控制单通道控制器11控制通入储油室3气体的压力为10kPa、流量为50sccm；(16) Open the second computer 6, and control the pressure of passing into the oil storage chamber 3 gas by software to control the single-channel controller 11 to be 10kPa and the flow rate to be 50sccm;
(17)从第一计算机5读取此时装样室1的压力值，用Pc1表示，Pc1一般为0；(17) Read the pressure value of the sample chamber 1 at this time from the first computer 5, expressed by P c1 , P c1 is generally 0;
(18)依次打开第三阀门10、第二阀门9，随着气体进入储油室3，储油室3里的压强越来越大，使储油室3里的油进入测量室2；(18) Open the third valve 10 and the second valve 9 in sequence, and as the gas enters the oil storage chamber 3, the pressure in the oil storage chamber 3 becomes larger and larger, so that the oil in the oil storage chamber 3 enters the measuring chamber 2;
(19)不断通过第二计算机6控制调整流入10kPa-30kPa气体压力和50sccm-100sccm流量，使测量室2里的油面高度到达压缩前的高度h0，此时迅速依次关闭第二阀门9、第三阀门10，通过第二计算机6控制使单通道控制器11输出的气流压力和流量都为0；(19) Constantly control and adjust the gas pressure of 10kPa-30kPa and the flow rate of 50sccm-100sccm through the second computer 6, so that the height of the oil level in the measuring chamber 2 reaches the height h0 before compression, and at this time, quickly and sequentially close the second valve 9, The third valve 10 is controlled by the second computer 6 so that the air pressure and flow output by the single-channel controller 11 are all 0;
(20)关闭第一阀门8，使装样室1、测量室2与大气隔绝；(20) Close the first valve 8 to isolate the sample loading chamber 1 and the measuring chamber 2 from the atmosphere;
(21)通过第二计算机6控制使单通道控制器11输出30kPa气体压力和250sccm流量；(21) make single-channel controller 11 output 30kPa gas pressure and 250sccm flow rate by second computer 6 control;
(22)依次打开第三阀门10、第二阀门9，使测量室2里的油面上升一个确定的值△h后，迅速关闭第二阀门9、第三阀门10，已知测量室2的截面积为A，则气体压缩量为△V＝A·△h，通过第二计算机6控制使单通道控制器11输出的气流压力和流速都为0；(22) Open the third valve 10 and the second valve 9 one by one to make the oil level in the measuring chamber 2 rise by a certain value △h, then quickly close the second valve 9 and the third valve 10, the known measuring chamber 2 If the cross-sectional area is A, then the gas compression amount is ΔV=A·Δh, and the air pressure and flow rate output by the single-channel controller 11 are all 0 through the control of the second computer 6;
(23)从第一计算机5读取此时装样室1里的压力值，用Pc2表示；(23) Read the pressure value in the sample chamber 1 at this time from the first computer 5, represented by P c2 ;
(24)依次打开第三阀门10、第二阀门9、第一阀门8，使测量室2里的油流回储油3室，当测量室2里的油面到达压缩前的高度h0时，迅速关闭第二阀门9、第三阀门10；(24) Open the third valve 10, the second valve 9, and the first valve 8 in sequence, so that the oil in the measurement chamber 2 flows back to the oil storage chamber 3. When the oil level in the measurement chamber 2 reaches the height h 0 before compression , quickly close the second valve 9 and the third valve 10;
(25)此时Vc已知，气体压力变化值△Pc＝Pc2-Pc1；(25) V c is known at this time, and the gas pressure change value △P c =P c2 -P c1 ;
(26)打开装样室1，拿出标准样块，放进待测固体，再盖紧装样室；(26) Open the sample loading chamber 1, take out the standard sample block, put the solid to be measured, and then cover the sample loading chamber tightly;
(27)打开第二计算机6，通过软件控制单通道控制器11控制通入储油室3气体的压力为10kPa、流量为50sccm；(27) Open the second computer 6, and control the pressure of passing into the oil storage chamber 3 gas by software to control the single-channel controller 11 to be 10kPa and the flow rate to be 50sccm;
(28)从第一计算机5读取此时装样室1的压力值，用Px1表示，Px1一般为0；(28) Read the pressure value of the loading sample chamber 1 at this time from the first computer 5, expressed by P x1 , and P x1 is generally 0;
(29)依次打开第三阀门10、第二阀门9，随着气体进入储油室3，储油室3里的压强越来越大，使储油室3里的油进入测量室2；(29) Open the third valve 10 and the second valve 9 in sequence, and as the gas enters the oil storage chamber 3, the pressure in the oil storage chamber 3 is increasing, so that the oil in the oil storage chamber 3 enters the measuring chamber 2;
(30)不断通过第二计算机6控制调整流入10kPa-30kPa气体压力和50sccm-100sccm流量，使测量室里的油面高度到达压缩前的高度h0，此时迅速依次关闭第二阀门9、第三阀门10，通过第二计算机6控制使单通道控制器11输出的气流压力和流量都为0；(30) Control and adjust the gas pressure of 10kPa-30kPa and the flow rate of 50sccm-100sccm continuously through the second computer 6, so that the height of the oil level in the measuring chamber reaches the height h0 before compression, and at this time, quickly close the second valve 9 and the first The three valves 10 are controlled by the second computer 6 so that the air pressure and flow output by the single-channel controller 11 are all 0;
(31)关闭第一阀门8，使装样室1、测量室2与大气隔绝；(31) Close the first valve 8 to isolate the sample loading chamber 1 and the measuring chamber 2 from the atmosphere;
(32)通过第二计算机6控制使单通道控制器11输出30kPa气体压力和250sccm流量；(32) make single-channel controller 11 output 30kPa gas pressure and 250sccm flow rate by second computer 6 control;
(33)依次打开第三阀门10、第二阀门9，使测量室2里的油面上升一个同步骤(10)相同的值△h后，迅速关闭第二阀门9、第三阀门10，已知测量室的截面积为A，则气体压缩量为△V＝A·△h，通过第二计算机6控制使单通道控制器11输出的气流压力和流速都为0；(33) Open the third valve 10 and the second valve 9 one by one to make the oil level in the measuring chamber 2 rise by the same value △h as in step (10), then quickly close the second valve 9 and the third valve 10 to complete Knowing that the cross-sectional area of the measuring chamber is A, then the gas compression amount is ΔV=A·Δh, and the air pressure and the flow velocity output by the single-channel controller 11 are all 0 through the control of the second computer 6;
(34)从第一计算机5读取此时装样室1里的压力值，用Px2表示；(34) Read the pressure value in the loading sample chamber 1 at this time from the first computer 5, expressed by P x2 ;
(35)依次打开第三阀门10、第二阀门9、第一阀门8，使测量室2里的油流回储油室3，当测量室2里的油面到达压缩前的高度h0时，迅速关闭第二阀门9、第三阀门10；(35) Open the third valve 10, the second valve 9, and the first valve 8 in sequence to make the oil in the measuring chamber 2 flow back to the oil storage chamber 3. When the oil level in the measuring chamber 2 reaches the height before compression h0 , quickly close the second valve 9 and the third valve 10;
(39)此时△Px＝Px2-Px1；(39) At this time, △P x ＝P x2 -P x1 ;
(40)通过上述反复三次试验可以求出△V＝A·△h，△P＝P2－P1；△Pc＝Pc2-Pc1，△Px＝Px2-Px1，Vc已知，再通过下式(40) Through the above three repeated experiments, it can be obtained that △V=A·△h, △P=P 2 -P 1 ; △P c ＝P c2 -P c1 , △P x ＝P x2 -P x1 , V c known, and then through the following formula
可计算得出不规则固体的体积Vx的值。The value of the volume Vx of the irregular solid can be calculated.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105258756A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-01-20 | 桂林理工大学 | Device for measuring volume of irregular solid and measuring method |
| CN109000751A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-12-14 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | The cubing device and method of gas hydrates |
| CN114746725A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2022-07-12 | 安东帕量子技术有限公司 | Hydrometer with acclimation chamber |
| CN114761766A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2022-07-15 | 安东帕量子技术有限公司 | Bidirectional hydrometer |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105258756A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-01-20 | 桂林理工大学 | Device for measuring volume of irregular solid and measuring method |
| CN105258756B (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2018-10-23 | 桂林理工大学 | A kind of device and measurement method measuring irregular solid volume |
| CN109000751A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-12-14 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | The cubing device and method of gas hydrates |
| CN109000751B (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2020-03-06 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Apparatus and method for measuring the volume of natural gas hydrate |
| CN114746725A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2022-07-12 | 安东帕量子技术有限公司 | Hydrometer with acclimation chamber |
| CN114761766A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2022-07-15 | 安东帕量子技术有限公司 | Bidirectional hydrometer |
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