CN205208907U - Photovoltaic water heater - Google Patents

Abstract

A photovoltaic water heater, including a photovoltaic panel assembly, a water storage tank, a microcomputer digital temperature controller, a heating element and a temperature sensor arranged in the water storage tank, and a control circuit, the control circuit includes a first five-pin relay, a second Five-pin relay, the two control coil ends of the first five-pin relay and the second five-pin relay are respectively connected to a delay circuit, and one pin of the first five-pin relay and the second five-pin relay is respectively connected to a transformer The fifth pin relay of I is also connected with the arc suppression circuit I, the other pins of the fifth pin relay of I and the fifth pin relay of II are respectively connected with a solar DC step-down module, and the transformer is connected with a bridge rectifier circuit connected. The photovoltaic water heater of the utility model can effectively solve the disadvantages of traditional electric water heaters that consume a lot of energy and easily leak electricity, and that solar water heaters are easily damaged, wasteful, inconvenient to install, and unusable in winter.

Description

Photovoltaic water heater

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of solar energy technology utilization, in particular to a photovoltaic water heater.

Background technique

Existing water heaters include solar water heaters and electric water heaters. Wherein the solar water heater is placed on the roof, and a row of vacuum glass tubes on the water heater absorbs sunlight heat to heat the water in the water tank, and then is connected to the room by pipelines for use. The electric water heater uses mains electricity to heat the water in the water tank through the heating tube to achieve the purpose of hot water.

The connecting pipeline of the solar water heater is outdoors and the distance is long. It is easy to freeze in winter. Once it freezes, it is difficult to melt, so that hot water cannot be used throughout the winter. The connecting water pipe is easy to be aged and damaged outdoors; A lot of cold water is put in when there is no freezing in spring and autumn, causing unnecessary waste, and this kind of water heater will not heat at all in rainy days. And the shortcoming of electric water heater is that energy consumption is too big, and electricity cost is high very uneconomical;

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a photovoltaic water heater. The utility model effectively solves the technical problems that the existing solar water heaters freeze in winter or cannot be used in rainy days and the electric water heater consumes a lot of energy. The purpose of this utility model is achieved in the following manner:

A photovoltaic water heater, including a photovoltaic panel assembly, a water storage tank, a microcomputer digital temperature controller, a heating element and a temperature sensor arranged in the water storage tank, and a control circuit, the control circuit includes a first five-pin relay, a second Five-pin relay, the two control coil ends of the first five-pin relay and the second five-pin relay are respectively connected to a delay circuit, and one pin of the first five-pin relay and the second five-pin relay is respectively connected to a transformer The fifth pin relay of I is also connected with the arc suppression circuit I, the other pins of the fifth pin relay of I and the fifth pin relay of II are respectively connected with a solar DC step-down module, and the transformer is connected with a bridge rectifier circuit connected.

Preferably, the normally closed contacts of the fifth-pin relay I and the fifth-pin relay II are respectively connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the photovoltaic panel assembly, and the normally open contacts of the fifth-pin relay I and the fifth-pin relay II Both are connected to the 220V mains input terminal, the common end of the fifth-leg relay of I and the fifth-leg relay of II is connected with the heating element, the normally closed contact and the common end of the fifth-leg relay of I are connected with the arc-extinguishing circuit of the first; The normally open contacts of the Ⅰ five-pin relay and the Ⅱ fifth-pin relay are connected to the transformer, and the two output terminals of the transformer are connected to the bridge rectifier circuit, and the positive output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit and the output terminal of the delay circuit are connected to the microcomputer digital The normally open contacts of the relays in the thermostat are connected; the normally closed contacts of the fifth-leg relays I and II are connected to the solar DC step-down module, and the positive output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit is also connected to the solar DC step-down module. The positive output terminal of the voltage module is connected, and the center tap of the transformer is connected with the negative output terminal of the solar DC step-down module, and the solar DC step-down module is connected with the microcomputer digital thermostat and supplies power to the microcomputer digital thermostat; The negative terminal of the control coil of the pin relay and the second fifth pin relay is connected with the negative output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit.

Preferably, the water heater further includes a temperature control switch, and the temperature control switch is respectively connected with the second arc suppression circuit, the heating element and the first temperature sensor. The second arc suppression circuit is a series connection of the VIII isolation diode, the III capacitor and the IX isolation diode, and the III capacitor is also connected in parallel with a thermistor.

Preferably, the delay circuit is that the first capacitor and the first isolation diode are connected in series, the negative terminal of the control coil of the fifth-pin relay of the I and the fifth-pin relay of II is connected with the negative terminal of the first capacitor, and the fifth-pin relay of the first The positive terminal of the control coil is connected with the positive terminal of the first capacitor, and the positive terminal of the control coil of the second five-pin relay is connected with the first isolation diode.

Preferably, the first arc suppression circuit is a series connection of a second isolation diode, a second capacitor and a third isolation diode, and a discharge resistor is connected in parallel with the second capacitor.

Preferably, the microcomputer digital temperature controller is provided with a temperature adjustment button, and the temperature adjustment button is connected with a CPU and the second temperature sensor.

Preferably, a lithium battery is connected in parallel between the solar DC step-down module and the microcomputer digital temperature controller.

Preferably, the water storage tank mainly includes an inner tank, an outer shell and an insulating material between the two, and the water storage tank is provided with a water inlet, a water outlet, a safety valve installation port and a sewage outlet.

Preferably, the heating element is a dual-purpose heating tube for AC and DC.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

The utility model uses the low-voltage direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel to heat the indoor low-voltage direct-current water heater through wires, and adopts an alternating-current and direct-current dual-purpose heating tube with adjustable and controllable temperature and good heat preservation effect.

The utility model turns the pipes connected to the traditional solar water heaters into wires, puts the water heaters that must be placed on the roof into the room, greatly shortens the distance of the hot water output pipes, and overcomes the disadvantages of long pipelines that are easy to freeze and use too much cold water.

The utility model adopts a photovoltaic panel, which has a high photoelectric conversion rate, even in cloudy days, it can also supply power to the water heater. In cloudy and rainy days, the photovoltaic panel does not generate current but can heat the water heater through the mains, so that hot water can be kept throughout the year, energy saving and environmental protection .

The photovoltaic panel of the photovoltaic water heater of the utility model can be placed on the roof balcony and can also be made into a window sash, and has small floor space, light weight, and convenient installation and construction. According to the amount of hot water you need, the power can be adjusted, and you only need to increase or decrease the number of photovoltaic panels to achieve it.

Based on the above, the photovoltaic water heater of the utility model can effectively solve the disadvantages of traditional electric water heaters that consume a lot of energy and easily leak electricity, and solar water heaters are easily damaged, wasteful, inconvenient to install, and cannot be used in winter.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic water heater control circuit of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an electrical wiring diagram of the control circuit of the photovoltaic water heater of the present invention.

detailed description

A photovoltaic water heater, including a photovoltaic panel assembly, a water storage tank, a microcomputer digital temperature controller, a heating element and a temperature sensor arranged in the water storage tank, and a control circuit, the control circuit includes a first five-pin relay, a second Five-pin relay, the two control coil ends of the first five-pin relay and the second five-pin relay are respectively connected to a delay circuit, and one pin of the first five-pin relay and the second five-pin relay is respectively connected to a transformer The fifth pin relay of I is also connected with the arc suppression circuit I, the other pins of the fifth pin relay of I and the fifth pin relay of II are respectively connected with a solar DC step-down module, and the transformer is connected with a bridge rectifier circuit connected.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the normally closed contacts of the fifth-pin relay I and the fifth-pin relay II are respectively connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the photovoltaic panel assembly, and the fifth-pin relay I and the fifth-pin relay II The normally open contacts of the relays are all connected to the 220V mains input terminal, the common end of the fifth-leg relay of I and the fifth-leg relay of II is connected with the heating element, the two control coil ends of the fifth-leg relay of I and the fifth-leg relay of II They are respectively connected to the delay circuit, the normally closed contact and the common terminal of the fifth pin relay are also connected to the arc suppressing circuit I, and the normally open contacts of the fifth pin relay and the fifth pin relay are also connected to a transformer , the two output ends of the transformer are connected with a bridge rectifier circuit, the positive output end of the bridge rectifier circuit and the output end of the delay circuit are connected with the normally open contacts of the relay in the microcomputer digital temperature controller; the fifth pin relay , The normally closed contact of the fifth-pin relay of II is also connected to a solar DC step-down module, the positive output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit is also connected to the positive output terminal of the solar DC step-down module, and the center tap of the transformer is connected to the solar DC step-down module. The negative output terminal of the step-down module is connected, and the solar DC step-down module is connected with the microcomputer digital temperature controller and supplies power to the microcomputer digital temperature controller; Connected to the negative output terminal of the rectifier circuit.

The water heater also includes a temperature control switch, and the temperature control switch is respectively connected with the second arc suppression circuit, the heating element and the first temperature sensor. The second arc suppression circuit is a series connection of the VIII isolation diode, the III capacitor and the IX isolation diode, and the III capacitor is also connected in parallel with a thermistor. The temperature control switch can be set to high/middle/low three gears for solar heating.

The delay circuit is that the first capacitor and the first isolation diode are connected in series, the negative terminals of the control coils of the fifth-pin relay of I and the fifth-pin relay of II are connected with the negative terminals of the first capacitor, and the control coils of the fifth-pin relay of I are positive The terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the first capacitor, and the positive terminal of the control coil of the second five-pin relay is connected to the first isolation diode.

The first arc suppression circuit is a series connection of the second isolation diode, the second capacitor and the third isolation diode, and the second capacitor is also connected in parallel with a discharge resistor.

The bridge rectifier circuit is composed of IV, V, VI and VII isolation diodes. The microcomputer digital thermostat uses a 5V power supply, and the relay in the microcomputer digital thermostat uses a 12V power supply.

The microcomputer digital temperature controller is provided with a temperature adjustment button, and the temperature adjustment button is connected with a CPU and a second temperature sensor.

A lithium battery is connected in parallel between the solar DC step-down module and the microcomputer digital temperature controller. The solar photovoltaic panel usually charges the lithium battery, and when it is rainy or at night, the lithium battery discharges and then supplies power to the microcomputer digital thermostat. The lithium battery can be used for two to three days on a single charge.

The water storage tank mainly includes an inner tank, an outer shell and an insulating material between the two. The water storage tank is provided with a water inlet, a water outlet, a safety valve installation port and a sewage discharge port. The heating element is a dual-purpose heating tube for AC and DC.

Concrete work process of the present utility model is as follows:

When the temperature is lower than C1 (such as 34°C) through the temperature adjustment button on the microcomputer digital thermostat, the CPU in the microcomputer digital thermostat controls the normally open contact of the relay in the microcomputer digital thermostat to close, and then the fifth The pin relay and the second and fifth pin relay coils are charged and closed, the normally open contacts are closed, and the mains is used for heating; when the temperature reaches C2 (such as 42°C), the CPU in the microcomputer digital thermostat controls the temperature in the microcomputer digital thermostat. The normally open contact of the relay is disconnected, and then the coils of the Ⅰ fifth-pin relay and the Ⅱ fifth-pin relay are de-energized, the normally open contacts are disconnected, and the mains heating is stopped; set the high/medium/low three gears through the temperature control switch Solar photovoltaic panel heating, if it is set to high gear, when the solar photovoltaic panel is heated to 75°C, the temperature control switch will automatically cut off the power and stop heating.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the overall concept of the utility model, some changes and improvements can also be made, and these should also be regarded as Protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A photovoltaic water heater, comprising a photovoltaic panel assembly, a microcomputer digital temperature controller, a water storage tank, a heating element and a temperature sensor arranged in the water storage tank, characterized in that: it also includes a control circuit, and the control circuit includes the first The five-pin relay and the second five-pin relay, the two control coil ends of the first five-pin relay and the second five-pin relay are respectively connected to a delay circuit, one of the first five-pin relay and the second five-pin relay The pins are respectively connected to a transformer, the fifth-pin relay of I is also connected to the arc-suppressing circuit I, the other pins of the fifth-pin relay of I and the fifth-pin relay of II are respectively connected to a solar DC step-down module, and the The transformer is connected with a bridge rectifier circuit. 2. The photovoltaic water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: the normally closed contacts of the first five-pin relay and the second five-pin relay are respectively connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the photovoltaic panel assembly, and the first five The normally open contacts of the pin relay and the fifth pin relay of II are connected to the 220V mains input terminal, the common terminals of the fifth pin relay of I and the fifth pin relay of II are connected with the heating element, and the normally closed contact of the fifth pin relay of I The point and the common end are connected to the first arc suppression circuit; The normally open contacts of the fifth pin relay of I and the fifth pin relay of II are connected to the transformer, and the two output ends of the transformer are connected to the bridge rectifier circuit, and the positive output end of the bridge rectifier circuit and the output end of the delay circuit are connected to the microcomputer The normally open contacts of the relay in the digital thermostat are connected; The normally closed contacts of the fifth-leg relay of I and the fifth-leg relay of II are connected to the solar DC step-down module, the positive output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit is also connected to the positive output terminal of the solar DC step-down module, and the center tap of the transformer Connected to the negative output terminal of the solar DC step-down module, the solar DC step-down module is connected to the microcomputer digital thermostat and supplies power to the microcomputer digital thermostat; The negative poles of the control coils of the fifth pin relay of I and the fifth pin relay of II are connected with the negative pole output end of the bridge rectifier circuit. 3. The photovoltaic water heater according to claim 2, wherein the water heater further comprises a temperature control switch, and the temperature control switch is respectively connected with the second arc suppression circuit, the heating element and the first temperature sensor. 4. The photovoltaic water heater according to claim 3, characterized in that: the second arc suppression circuit is a series connection of a VIII isolation diode, a III capacitor and a IX isolation diode, and a thermistor is connected in parallel with the III capacitor. 5. The photovoltaic water heater according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the delay circuit is a series connection between the first capacitor and the first isolation diode, and the negative terminals of the control coils of the fifth-pin relay I and the fifth-pin relay II It is connected to the negative terminal of the first capacitor, the positive terminal of the control coil of the fifth-leg relay I is connected to the positive terminal of the first capacitor, and the positive terminal of the control coil of the second fifth-leg relay is connected to the first isolation diode. 6. The photovoltaic water heater according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the first arc suppression circuit is a series connection of the second isolation diode, the second capacitor and the third isolation diode, and the second capacitor is also connected in parallel with a discharge resistor . 7. The photovoltaic water heater according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the microcomputer digital temperature controller is provided with a temperature adjustment button, and the temperature adjustment button is connected with a CPU and a second temperature sensor. 8. The photovoltaic water heater according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a lithium battery is connected in parallel between the solar DC step-down module and the microcomputer digital temperature controller. 9. The photovoltaic water heater according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the water storage tank mainly includes an inner tank, an outer shell and an insulating material between the two, and the water storage tank is provided with a water inlet, a water outlet, and a safety valve Installation port and drain outlet. 10. The photovoltaic water heater according to claim 1, wherein the heating element is a dual-purpose heating tube for AC and DC.