CN204928758U - A Gain Boosted Operational Transconductance Amplifier - Google Patents
A Gain Boosted Operational Transconductance Amplifier Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
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技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种运算放大器,具体涉及一种增益提升的运算跨导放大器。The utility model relates to an operational amplifier, in particular to an operational transconductance amplifier with increased gain.
背景技术Background technique
运算放大器在电源、模数转换器、滤波器等模拟电路中已经得到广泛的应用。随着电源电压的下降和工艺尺寸的进一步缩小,晶体管沟道长度不断减小,致使晶体管本征增益也不断减小,在这种条件下设计高增益运放面临较大挑战。现有技术中,采用两级或三级级联,这种方式每个级联带来高增益的同时会引入一个低频极点,产生负的相移和退化相位裕度。为了保持系统的稳定性,一般采用米勒补偿原理,这种极点分离的补偿会严重退化运放的带宽性能。自举增益提高输出阻抗是另外一种提高增益的方法,虽然它不会限制运放的带宽性能,但是需要消耗更多的功耗。Operational amplifiers have been widely used in analog circuits such as power supplies, analog-to-digital converters, and filters. With the decrease of power supply voltage and the further reduction of process size, the channel length of transistors continues to decrease, resulting in the decrease of intrinsic gain of transistors. Under such conditions, designing high-gain op amps faces great challenges. In the prior art, two or three stages of cascading are used. In this manner, each cascading brings high gain and at the same time introduces a low-frequency pole, resulting in negative phase shift and degraded phase margin. In order to maintain the stability of the system, the principle of Miller compensation is generally used. This kind of pole separation compensation will seriously degrade the bandwidth performance of the op amp. Boosting the output impedance with bootstrap gain is another way to increase the gain. Although it does not limit the bandwidth performance of the op amp, it consumes more power.
2007年R.Assaad在ELECTRONICSLETTERS发表在一篇名为“Enhancinggeneralperformanceoffoldedcascodeamplifierbyrecyclingcurrent”(RFC运算放大器),是一种具有低功耗的复用型折叠式共源共栅运算放大器,将电流复用技术应用于中传统的折叠式共源共栅运放电路中,其电路主要为偏置恒定电流源依次串接差分输入、负载电流镜和共源共栅输出级可调辅助差分对,其方案如图1所示。虽然电流复用技术提高了电路中电流的利用率,但是此方案是通过牺牲电路的相位裕度为代价实现跨导的增加,增益提升并不大,在现有的深亚微米工艺下,RFC运算放大器的增益远远达不到实际所需要的精度,难以广泛应用In 2007, R. Assaad published an article entitled "Enhancing general performance off folded cascode amplifier by recycling current" (RFC operational amplifier) in ELECTRONICSLETTERS, which is a multiplexed folded cascode operational amplifier with low power consumption, which applies current multiplexing technology to the In the traditional folding cascode operational amplifier circuit, the circuit is mainly a bias constant current source connected in series with differential input, load current mirror and cascode output stage adjustable auxiliary differential pair. The scheme is shown in Figure 1 Show. Although the current multiplexing technology improves the utilization rate of the current in the circuit, this solution increases the transconductance by sacrificing the phase margin of the circuit, and the gain improvement is not large. Under the existing deep submicron technology, RFC The gain of the operational amplifier is far from the accuracy required in practice, and it is difficult to be widely used
为解决运算放大器电路中增益、带宽、功耗等之间的固有矛盾,需要打破传统结构,设计一种高增益和高速度兼顾的高性能运算放大器。In order to solve the inherent contradiction among gain, bandwidth, power consumption, etc. in the operational amplifier circuit, it is necessary to break the traditional structure and design a high-performance operational amplifier with both high gain and high speed.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是提供一种增益提升的运算跨导放大器。偏置恒定电流源依次串接差分输入、负载电流镜和共源共栅输出级,还有可调辅助差分对,本运算跨导放大器受输出电压影响很弱,不会引入额外的极点,有效地提高运算放大器的输出阻抗和增益,实现高精度、高速运算放大。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an operational transconductance amplifier with increased gain. The bias constant current source is sequentially connected to the differential input, the load current mirror and the cascode output stage, as well as the adjustable auxiliary differential pair. This operational transconductance amplifier is weakly affected by the output voltage and does not introduce additional poles. Improve the output impedance and gain of the operational amplifier to achieve high-precision, high-speed operational amplification.
本实用新型设计的一种增益提升的运算跨导放大器包括偏置恒定电流源及其依次串接的差分输入、负载电流镜和共源共栅输出级,其中偏置恒定电流源为P型MOS管M0的源极接电源VDD,M0的栅极接偏置电压Vbias;差分输入由4个P型MOS管M1a、M2a、M1b和M2b构成,负载电流镜由6个N型MOS管M3、M4、M5a、M6a、M5b和M6b构成,共源共栅输出级由2个N型MOS管M7、M10以及4个P型MOS管M8、M9、M11和M12构成。An operational transconductance amplifier with increased gain designed by the utility model includes a biased constant current source and its sequentially connected differential input, load current mirror and cascode output stage, wherein the biased constant current source is a P-type MOS The source of the tube M 0 is connected to the power supply VDD, and the gate of the M 0 is connected to the bias voltage V bias ; the differential input is composed of 4 P-type MOS transistors M 1a , M 2a , M 1b and M 2b , and the load current mirror is composed of 6 N-type MOS transistors M 3 , M 4 , M 5a , M 6a , M 5b and M 6b are formed, and the cascode output stage is composed of 2 N-type MOS transistors M 7 , M 10 and 4 P-type MOS transistors M 8 , M 9 , M 11 and M 12 .
差分输入级P型MOS管M1a、M2a、M1b和M2b的源极分别接P型MOS管M0的漏极。N型MOS管M3漏极分别接P型MOS管M2b的漏极、N型MOS管M5a和M5b的栅极,N型MOS管M3的源极接N型MOS管M5b的漏极,N型MOS管M4漏极分别接P型MOS管M1b的漏极、N型MOS管M6a和M6b的栅极,N型MOS管M4的源极接N型MOS管M6b的漏极,N型MOS管M3、M4的栅极接偏置电压Vb1,N型MOS管M5a、M5b、M6a和M6b的源极分别接地。共源共栅输出级的N型MOS管M7的漏极接P型MOS管M8的漏极、同时连接共源共栅输出级的第二输出端Vout-,共源共栅输出级P型MOS管M8的源极接P型MOS管M9的漏极,N型MOS管M10的漏极分别接P型MOS管M11的漏极、同时连接共源共栅输出级的第一输出端Vout+,P型MOS管M11的源极接P型MOS管M12的漏极,N型MOS管M7、M10的栅极分别接偏置电压Vb1,P型MOS管M8、M11的栅极分别接偏置电压Vb2,P型MOS管M9、M12的栅极接共模反馈电压CMFB,P型MOS管M9、M12的源极分别接电源VDD。The sources of the differential input stage P-type MOS transistors M 1a , M 2a , M 1b and M 2b are respectively connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M 0 . The drain of the N - type MOS transistor M3 is respectively connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M2b , the gates of the N - type MOS transistors M5a and M5b , and the source of the N-type MOS transistor M3 is connected to the gate of the N-type MOS transistor M5b . The drain, the drain of the N-type MOS transistor M4 is respectively connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M1b , the gates of the N-type MOS transistors M6a and M6b , and the source of the N - type MOS transistor M4 is connected to the N-type MOS transistor The drain of M 6b , the gates of N-type MOS transistors M 3 and M 4 are connected to the bias voltage V b1 , and the sources of N-type MOS transistors M 5a , M 5b , M 6a and M 6b are respectively grounded. The drain of the N - type MOS transistor M7 of the cascode output stage is connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M8, and is simultaneously connected to the second output terminal Vout − of the cascode output stage, and the cascode output stage P The source of the P-type MOS transistor M8 is connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M9 , the drain of the N-type MOS transistor M10 is respectively connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M11 , and simultaneously connected to the first cascode output stage An output terminal Vout + , the source of the P-type MOS transistor M11 is connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M12, the gates of the N-type MOS transistors M7 and M10 are connected to the bias voltage V b1 respectively, and the P-type MOS transistors The gates of M 8 and M 11 are respectively connected to the bias voltage V b2 , the gates of P-type MOS transistors M 9 and M 12 are connected to the common mode feedback voltage CMFB, and the sources of P-type MOS transistors M 9 and M 12 are connected to the power supply respectively VDD.
本实用新型的增益提升的运算跨导放大器还包括可调辅助差分对,可调辅助差分对由P型MOS管M13、M14和M15构成。P型MOS管M13的栅极分别接P型MOS管M1a、M14的漏极、N型MOS管M5a的漏极及N型MOS管M7的源极,P型MOS管M14的栅极分别接P型MOS管M2a、M13的漏极、N型MOS管M6a的漏极及N型MOS管M10的源极,P型MOS管M13、M14的源极接P型MOS管M15的漏极,P型MOS管M15的源极接电源VDD。The gain boosted operational transconductance amplifier of the present invention also includes an adjustable auxiliary differential pair, which is composed of P-type MOS transistors M 13 , M 14 and M 15 . The gate of the P-type MOS transistor M13 is respectively connected to the drains of the P-type MOS transistors M1a and M14 , the drain of the N-type MOS transistor M5a and the source of the N-type MOS transistor M7 , and the P-type MOS transistor M14 The gates of the gates are respectively connected to the drains of P-type MOS transistors M2a and M13 , the drain of N-type MOS transistors M6a and the source of N-type MOS transistors M10 , and the sources of P-type MOS transistors M13 and M14 It is connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M15 , and the source of the P-type MOS transistor M15 is connected to the power supply VDD.
所述差分输入的4个P型MOS管M1a、M2a、M1b和M2b接收差分电压信号,转化为电流注入所述2对电流镜N型MOS管M5b-M5a和M6b-M6a中,电流镜M6b-M6a输出的电流送入共源共栅输出级的输出支路M10、M11、M12中,形成输出电压Vout +;电流镜M5b-M5a输出的电流送入共源共栅输出级的另一输出支路M7、M8、M9中,形成输出电压Vout -。电流镜之间的传输实现电流倍增,最终实现运算跨导放大器跨导的倍增。The four P-type MOS transistors M 1a , M 2a , M 1b and M 2b of the differential input receive differential voltage signals, which are converted into currents and injected into the two pairs of current mirror N-type MOS transistors M 5b -M 5a and M 6b - In M 6a , the current output by the current mirror M 6b -M 6a is sent to the output branches M 10 , M 11 , M 12 of the cascode output stage to form the output voltage V out + ; the current mirror M 5b -M 5a The output current is sent to another output branch M 7 , M 8 , M 9 of the cascode output stage to form an output voltage V out − . The transmission between the current mirrors realizes the current multiplication, and finally realizes the multiplication of the transconductance of the operational transconductance amplifier.
所述电流镜M5b-M5a、M6b-M6a的尺寸比例相同,即M5a的尺寸与M5b的尺寸相比为K,同样M6a的尺寸与M6b的尺寸相比也为K,K的取值范围为2~5。The size ratios of the current mirrors M 5b -M 5a and M 6b -M 6a are the same, that is, the size of M 5a is K compared with the size of M 5b , and the size of M 6a is also K compared with the size of M 6b , the value range of K is 2-5.
MOS管M5a和输出支路M7、M8、M9构成共源共栅输出级,增加Vout -端输出阻抗,MOS管M6a和输出支路M10、M11、M12构成另一共源共栅输出级,增加Vout +端输出阻抗。MOS transistor M 5a and output branches M 7 , M 8 , M 9 form a cascode output stage, which increases the output impedance of the V out -end, and MOS transistor M 6a and output branches M 10 , M 11 , M 12 form another A cascode output stage increases the output impedance at Vout + .
可调辅助差分对的P型MOS管M13的漏极输出电压信号与P型MOS管M14的栅极直接连接,P型MOS管M13的栅极电压信号控制P型MOS管M14的电流,MOS管M14构成负电阻;与之相似,P型MOS管M14的漏极输出电压信号与P型MOS管M13的栅极直接连接,P型MOS管M14的栅极电压信号控制P型MOS管M13的电流,MOS管M13构成负电阻,M13、M14的输出阻抗与共源共栅的输出阻抗一同构成本运算跨导放大器的输出阻抗。The drain output voltage signal of the P-type MOS transistor M13 of the adjustable auxiliary differential pair is directly connected to the gate of the P-type MOS transistor M14 , and the gate voltage signal of the P-type MOS transistor M13 controls the P-type MOS transistor M14 . current, the MOS transistor M 14 constitutes a negative resistance; similarly, the drain output voltage signal of the P-type MOS transistor M 14 is directly connected to the gate of the P-type MOS transistor M 13 , and the gate voltage signal of the P-type MOS transistor M 14 Control the current of the P-type MOS transistor M13 , the MOS transistor M13 constitutes a negative resistance, the output impedance of M13 and M14 together with the output impedance of the cascode constitute the output impedance of the operational transconductance amplifier.
差分信号输入后,信号经过2条路径到输出端,第一条路径:经过M1a栅极输入电压信号变为电流信号传至M5a的漏端,再经过共源共栅的输出支路M7、M8、M9至输出端,这条路径的跨导为MOS管M1a的跨导gm1a;第二条路径:经过M1b栅极输入电压信号变为电流信号传至M4的漏端,注入M6b,经过电流镜M6a-M6a后复制到M6a,实现电流倍增K倍,经过共源共栅级的输出支路M10、M11、M12至输出端,这条路径的跨导为MOS管M1b的跨导gm1b的K倍。After the differential signal is input, the signal passes through two paths to the output terminal. The first path: the input voltage signal through the gate of M 1a becomes a current signal and transmitted to the drain of M 5a , and then passes through the cascode output branch M 7. M 8 , M 9 to the output terminal, the transconductance of this path is the transconductance g m1a of the MOS transistor M 1a ; the second path: the input voltage signal through the gate of M 1b becomes a current signal and is transmitted to M 4 The drain terminal is injected into M 6b , copied to M 6a after passing through the current mirror M 6a -M 6a , realizing the current multiplication K times, and passing through the output branches M 10 , M 11 , M 12 of the cascode stage to the output end, which The transconductance of each path is K times the transconductance g m1b of the MOS transistor M 1b .
所述差分输入的MOS管M1a、M1b尺寸相同,二者的跨导与其沟道宽长比W/L成正比,故二者的跨导相等即gm1b=gm1a,本实用新型运算跨导放大器整体跨导为G=gm1a+Kgm1b=(1+K)gm1a。The MOS transistors M 1a and M 1b of the differential input have the same size, and the transconductance of the two is proportional to the channel width-to-length ratio W/L, so the transconductance of the two is equal, that is, g m1b = g m1a , the utility model calculates The overall transconductance of the transconductance amplifier is G=g m1a +Kg m1b =(1+K)g m1a .
当可调辅助差分对的M13的栅极的电位降低,即MOS管M14的漏极电压同样降低,MOS管M14的漏极和源极之间的电压上升、变化量为+△vdDS,M13的栅极的电位降低导致M13的漏极的电位、MOS管M14栅极电位升高,MOS管M14的栅极的有效输入电压信号VGS降低,导致MOS管M14输出电流降低变化量为-△iDS,辅助差分对的MOS管M14的输出阻抗rO14=+△vdDS/(-△iDS)<0为负电阻。同样M14的栅极的电位降低,按上述方法可以分析M13的输出阻抗也为负电阻。忽略MOS管的沟道调制作用,M14的电导(阻抗的倒数)表示为gm14;小信号分析输出阻抗时,MOS管M14与M5a、M1a并联,MOS管M14的输出阻抗rO14为负值,可以用-1/gm14表示,本实用新型运算跨导放大器的输出阻抗表示为When the potential of the gate of the adjustable auxiliary differential pair M 13 decreases, that is, the drain voltage of the MOS transistor M 14 also decreases, the voltage between the drain and the source of the MOS transistor M 14 rises, and the variation is +Δvd DS , the decrease in the potential of the gate of M 13 causes the potential of the drain of M 13 and the potential of the gate of MOS transistor M 14 to increase, and the effective input voltage signal V GS of the gate of MOS transistor M 14 decreases, resulting in a decrease in the potential of the gate of MOS transistor M 14 The amount of decrease in the output current is -Δi DS , and the output impedance r O14 =+Δvd DS /(-Δi DS )<0 of the MOS transistor M 14 of the auxiliary differential pair is a negative resistance. Similarly, the potential of the gate of M 14 decreases, and it can be analyzed that the output impedance of M 13 is also a negative resistance according to the above method. Neglecting the channel modulation effect of the MOS tube, the conductance (reciprocal of impedance) of M 14 is expressed as g m14 ; when analyzing the output impedance of small signals, MOS tube M 14 is connected in parallel with M 5a and M 1a , and the output impedance of MOS tube M 14 is r O14 is a negative value, which can be represented by -1/g m14 , and the output impedance of the operational transconductance amplifier of the present invention is expressed as
Rout≈gm7ro7(ro1a||ro5a||ro14)||gm8ro8ro9。R out ≈g m7 r o7 (r o1a ||r o5a ||r o14 )||g m8 r o8 r o9 .
当M7、M8的跨导相等、输出阻抗相等,即gm8=gm7,ro8=ro7,本实用新型运算跨导放大器的输出阻抗表示为When the transconductance and output impedance of M 7 and M 8 are equal, that is, g m8 = g m7 , r o8 = r o7 , the output impedance of the operational transconductance amplifier of the present invention is expressed as
Rout≈gm7/[go7(go1a+go5a+go9-gm14)],R out ≈g m7 /[g o7 (g o1a +g o5a +g o9 -g m14 )],
其中gmi、roi和goi分别为电路中第i个MOS管Mi的跨导、输出阻抗和输出电导,goi=1/roi。Among them, g mi , r oi and goi are respectively the transconductance, output impedance and output conductance of the i -th MOS transistor Mi in the circuit, and goi = 1/r oi .
增大gm14同时保证0≤gm14<go1a+go5a+go9,就能提高输出阻抗Rout、增益,同时系统稳定留有余值。By increasing g m14 while ensuring 0≤g m14 <g o1a +g o5a +g o9 , the output impedance R out and the gain can be increased, while the system remains stable with residual value.
较佳设计方案取gm14=0.85(go1a+go5a+go9),输出阻抗Rout相对没有加入gm14增大6.67倍,可实现16.5dB增益提升。A better design scheme takes g m14 =0.85(g o1a +g o5a +g o9 ), and the output impedance R out is increased by 6.67 times compared with that without adding g m14 , which can realize a gain increase of 16.5dB.
为了消除输出增益的误差,P型MOS管M15的栅极接可调偏置电压Vt,可调辅助差分对的跨导gm与其M13、M14流过的电流It成正比,同时电流即可调辅助差分对的gm=f(Vt)、是Vt的函数,其中μp是电子迁移率,Cox为单位面积栅电容,(W/L)15是P型MOS管M15的沟道宽长比,Vthp是P型MOS管M15开启电压。由于MOS管失配以及工艺角的影响,输出的增益会偏离预设指标,从而使得运放输出产生误差。微调可调偏置电压Vt、控制MOS管M15流向M13、M14电流的比例,从而控制M13、M14负电阻的大小。即通过微调Vt,实现无误差放大。可调偏置电压Vt的调节范围为±1mV。In order to eliminate the error of the output gain, the gate of the P-type MOS transistor M15 is connected to the adjustable bias voltage Vt , and the transconductance gm of the adjustable auxiliary differential pair is proportional to the current It flowing through M13 and M14 , Simultaneous current That is, g m =f(V t ) of the adjustable auxiliary differential pair is a function of V t , where μ p is the electron mobility, C ox is the gate capacitance per unit area, (W/L) 15 is the P-type MOS transistor M The channel width-to-length ratio is 15 , and V thp is the turn-on voltage of the P-type MOS transistor M 15 . Due to the influence of MOS tube mismatch and process angle, the output gain will deviate from the preset index, which will cause the output error of the op amp. Fine-tuning the adjustable bias voltage V t , controlling the proportion of the current flowing from the MOS transistor M 15 to M 13 and M 14 , thereby controlling the magnitude of the negative resistance of M 13 and M 14 . That is, by fine-tuning V t , error-free amplification is realized. The adjustable range of the adjustable bias voltage V t is ±1mV.
与现有技术相比,本实用新型一种增益提升的运算跨导放大器的优点为:1、传统折叠式运放的1对差分输入MOS管分成2对差分输入MOS管,同时用2对负载电流镜接收2对差分输入MOS管的输出信号;这样共源共栅输出级的2个晶体管就不仅仅是作为恒流源(如在折叠式运算放大器中的作用),可有效利用电流,使得本运算跨导放大器的跨导实现倍增;2、共源共栅输出级的共源共栅结构上增加了1对可调辅助差分对,使本运算跨导放大器受输出电压影响很弱,且不会引入额外的极点;3、实现多路径运算放大,改善传统的共源共栅输出端的大恒流源为驱动管,不仅有效的增大整运放的跨导,还提升大信号的瞬态压摆率;4、在同样静态功耗下,本运算跨导放大器的增益、带宽和共模抑制比均实现倍增,在1.2V工作电源下采用90nmCOMSTSMC工艺对其进行Spectre模拟,结果表明,本运算跨导放大器在功耗1.05mW条件下,直流开环增益为72.7dB,单位增益带宽为217.9MHz;相比RFC结构运放,不仅增益提高了19dB,还且还具有可调性高,减少工艺的影响,可适用于通信、电子测量,以及自动控制等系统。有效地提高运算跨导放大器的输出阻抗和增益,实现高精度、低功耗、大宽带、高增益、高速的运算放大,解决了在目前深亚微米工艺下传统运算放大器增益低,带宽性能退化、功耗高的的问题。Compared with the prior art, the advantages of a kind of operational transconductance amplifier with increased gain of the utility model are: 1. 1 pair of differential input MOS tubes of the traditional folding operational amplifier is divided into 2 pairs of differential input MOS tubes, and 2 pairs of loads are used simultaneously. The current mirror receives the output signals of 2 pairs of differential input MOS transistors; in this way, the 2 transistors of the cascode output stage are not only used as constant current sources (such as in the folded operational amplifier), but also can effectively use the current, making The transconductance of the operational transconductance amplifier is multiplied; 2. A pair of adjustable auxiliary differential pairs is added to the cascode structure of the cascode output stage, so that the operational transconductance amplifier is very weakly affected by the output voltage, and No extra poles will be introduced; 3. Realize multi-path operational amplification, improve the traditional large constant current source at the output end of the cascode as the drive tube, not only effectively increase the transconductance of the whole operational amplifier, but also improve the instantaneous 4. Under the same static power consumption, the gain, bandwidth and common mode rejection ratio of the operational transconductance amplifier are doubled. Under the 1.2V working power supply, the 90nm COMSTSMC process is used for Specter simulation. The results show that, Under the condition of power consumption of 1.05mW, the DC open-loop gain of this operational transconductance amplifier is 72.7dB, and the unity gain bandwidth is 217.9MHz; compared with the RFC structure op amp, not only the gain is increased by 19dB, but also has high adjustability, Reduce the impact of the process, and can be applied to communication, electronic measurement, and automatic control systems. Effectively improve the output impedance and gain of the operational transconductance amplifier, realize high precision, low power consumption, large bandwidth, high gain, and high-speed operational amplification, and solve the problem of low gain and bandwidth performance degradation of traditional operational amplifiers in the current deep submicron process , The problem of high power consumption.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为对比例复用型折叠式共源共栅运算放大器的电路结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a comparatively multiplexed folded cascode operational amplifier.
图2为本增益提升的运算跨导放大器实施例电路结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an embodiment of the operational transconductance amplifier with increased gain.
图3为本实施例与对比例的交流小信号幅频图。Fig. 3 is the amplitude-frequency diagram of the AC small signal of the present embodiment and the comparative example.
图4为本实施例与对比例的交流小信号相频图。FIG. 4 is a phase-frequency diagram of the AC small signal of the present embodiment and the comparative example.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
传统的复用型折叠式共源共栅运算放大器,即RFC运算放大器作为对比例,其电路结构如图1所示。包括偏置恒定电流源及其依次串接的差分输入、负载电流镜和共源共栅输出级。The traditional multiplexed folded cascode operational amplifier, that is, the RFC operational amplifier is used as a comparison example, and its circuit structure is shown in Figure 1. It includes a bias constant current source and its sequentially connected differential input, load current mirror and cascode output stage.
本增益提升的运算跨导放大器实施例如图2所示,偏置恒定电流源依次串接差分输入、负载电流镜、共源共栅输出级和可调辅助差分对。其中偏置恒定电流源为P型MOS管M0,其源极接电源VDD,M0的栅极接偏置电压Vbias;差分输入由4个P型MOS管M1a、M2a、M1b和M2b构成,负载电流镜由6个N型MOS管M3、M4、M5a、M6a、M5b和M6b构成,共源共栅输出级由2个N型MOS管M7、M10以及4个P型MOS管M8、M9、M11和M12构成,可调辅助差分对由P型MOS管M13、M14和M15构成。The embodiment of the operational transconductance amplifier with increased gain is shown in Figure 2. The bias constant current source is sequentially connected in series with a differential input, a load current mirror, a cascode output stage and an adjustable auxiliary differential pair. The bias constant current source is a P-type MOS transistor M 0 , its source is connected to the power supply VDD, and the gate of M 0 is connected to the bias voltage V bias ; the differential input consists of four P-type MOS transistors M 1a , M 2a , and M 1b and M 2b , the load current mirror is composed of 6 N-type MOS transistors M 3 , M 4 , M 5a , M 6a , M 5b and M 6b , and the cascode output stage is composed of 2 N-type MOS transistors M 7 , M 10 and four P-type MOS transistors M 8 , M 9 , M 11 and M 12 are formed, and the adjustable auxiliary differential pair is composed of P-type MOS transistors M 13 , M 14 and M 15 .
差分输入级P型MOS管M1a、M2a、M1b和M2b的源极分别接P型MOS管M0的漏极。N型MOS管M3漏极分别接P型MOS管M2b的漏极、N型MOS管M5a和M5b的栅极,N型MOS管M3的源极接N型MOS管M5b的漏极,N型MOS管M4漏极分别接P型MOS管M1b的漏极、N型MOS管M6a和M6b的栅极,N型MOS管M4的源极接N型MOS管M6b的漏极,N型MOS管M3、M4的栅极接偏置电压Vb1,N型MOS管M5a、M5b、M6a和M6b的源极分别接地。共源共栅输出级的N型MOS管M7的漏极接P型MOS管M8的漏极、同时连接共源共栅输出级的第二输出端Vout-,共源共栅输出级P型MOS管M8的源极接P型MOS管M9的漏极,N型MOS管M10的漏极分别接P型MOS管M11的漏极、同时连接共源共栅输出级的第一输出端Vout+,P型MOS管M11的源极接P型MOS管M12的漏极,N型MOS管M7、M10的栅极分别接偏置电压Vb1,P型MOS管M8、M11的栅极分别接偏置电压Vb2,P型MOS管M9、M12的栅极接共模反馈电压CMFB,P型MOS管M9、M12的源极分别接电源VDD。The sources of the differential input stage P-type MOS transistors M 1a , M 2a , M 1b and M 2b are respectively connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M 0 . The drain of the N - type MOS transistor M3 is respectively connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M2b , the gates of the N - type MOS transistors M5a and M5b , and the source of the N-type MOS transistor M3 is connected to the gate of the N-type MOS transistor M5b . The drain, the drain of the N-type MOS transistor M4 is respectively connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M1b , the gates of the N-type MOS transistors M6a and M6b , and the source of the N - type MOS transistor M4 is connected to the N-type MOS transistor The drain of M 6b , the gates of N-type MOS transistors M 3 and M 4 are connected to the bias voltage V b1 , and the sources of N-type MOS transistors M 5a , M 5b , M 6a and M 6b are respectively grounded. The drain of the N - type MOS transistor M7 of the cascode output stage is connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M8, and is simultaneously connected to the second output terminal Vout − of the cascode output stage, and the cascode output stage P The source of the P-type MOS transistor M8 is connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M9 , the drain of the N-type MOS transistor M10 is respectively connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M11 , and simultaneously connected to the first cascode output stage An output terminal Vout + , the source of the P-type MOS transistor M11 is connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M12, the gates of the N-type MOS transistors M7 and M10 are connected to the bias voltage V b1 respectively, and the P-type MOS transistors The gates of M 8 and M 11 are respectively connected to the bias voltage V b2 , the gates of P-type MOS transistors M 9 and M 12 are connected to the common mode feedback voltage CMFB, and the sources of P-type MOS transistors M 9 and M 12 are connected to the power supply respectively VDD.
可调辅助差分对P型MOS管M13的栅极分别接P型MOS管M1a、M14的漏极、N型MOS管M5a的漏极及N型MOS管M7的源极,P型MOS管M14的栅极分别接P型MOS管M2a、M13的漏极、N型MOS管M6a的漏极及N型MOS管M10的源极,P型MOS管M13、M14的源极接P型MOS管M15的漏极,P型MOS管M15的源极接电源VDD,M15的栅极接可调偏置电压Vt。The gate of the adjustable auxiliary differential pair P-type MOS transistor M13 is respectively connected to the drains of the P-type MOS transistors M1a and M14 , the drain of the N-type MOS transistor M5a , and the source of the N-type MOS transistor M7 . The gate of the P-type MOS transistor M14 is respectively connected to the drains of the P-type MOS transistors M2a and M13 , the drain of the N-type MOS transistor M6a and the source of the N-type MOS transistor M10 , and the P-type MOS transistors M13 , The source of M 14 is connected to the drain of the P-type MOS transistor M 15 , the source of the P-type MOS transistor M 15 is connected to the power supply VDD, and the gate of M 15 is connected to the adjustable bias voltage V t .
本例电流镜M5a与M5b的尺寸相比为3,同样M6a与M6b的尺寸相比也为3。In this example, the size of the current mirror M5a is 3 compared to M5b , and the size of M6a is also 3 compared to M6b .
本例差分输入MOS管M1a、M1b尺寸相同。In this example, the differential input MOS transistors M 1a and M 1b have the same size.
如图2所示,当可调辅助差分对的M13的栅极的电位降低,即图2中A点的电位降低,MOS管M14的漏极电压同样降低,MOS管M14的漏极和源极之间的电压上升、变化量为+△vdDS,M13的栅极的电位降低导致M13的漏极的电位、MOS管M14栅极电位升高,MOS管M14的栅极的有效输入电压信号VGS降低,导致MOS管M14输出电流降低变化量为-△iDS,辅助差分对的MOS管M14的输出阻抗rO14=+△vdDS/(-△iDS)<0为负电阻。同样当图2中M14的栅极的电位降低,即图2中B点的电位降低,按上述方法可以分析M13的输出阻抗也为负电阻。忽略MOS管的沟道调制作用,M14的电导表示为gm14;小信号分析输出阻抗时,MOS管M14与M5a、M1a并联,MOS管M14的输出阻抗rO14为负值,可以用-1/gm14表示,本例运算跨导放大器的输出阻抗表示为As shown in Figure 2, when the potential of the gate of the adjustable auxiliary differential pair M 13 decreases, that is, the potential of point A in Figure 2 decreases, the drain voltage of the MOS transistor M 14 also decreases, and the drain of the MOS transistor M 14 The voltage between the source and the source rises, and the change is +Δvd DS , the potential of the gate of M 13 decreases, causing the potential of the drain of M 13 , the potential of the gate of MOS transistor M 14 to rise, and the gate potential of MOS transistor M 14 The effective input voltage signal V GS of the pole decreases, causing the output current of the MOS transistor M 14 to decrease by -△i DS , and the output impedance r O14 of the MOS transistor M 14 of the auxiliary differential pair =+△vd DS /(-△i DS )<0 is negative resistance. Similarly, when the potential of the gate of M 14 in Figure 2 decreases, that is, the potential of point B in Figure 2 decreases, the output impedance of M 13 can also be analyzed as negative resistance according to the above method. Neglecting the channel modulation effect of the MOS transistor, the conductance of M 14 is expressed as g m14 ; when analyzing the output impedance of the small signal, the MOS transistor M 14 is connected in parallel with M 5a and M 1a , and the output impedance r O14 of the MOS transistor M 14 is a negative value, It can be expressed by -1/g m14 , and the output impedance of the operational transconductance amplifier in this example is expressed as
Rout≈gm7ro7(ro1a||ro5a||ro14)||gm8ro8ro9。R out ≈g m7 r o7 (r o1a ||r o5a ||r o14 )||g m8 r o8 r o9 .
本例M7、M8的跨导相等、输出阻抗相等,即gm8=gm7,ro8=ro7,本例运算跨导放大器的输出阻抗表示为In this example, the transconductance and output impedance of M 7 and M 8 are equal, that is, g m8 = g m7 , r o8 = r o7 , and the output impedance of the operational transconductance amplifier in this example is expressed as
Rout≈gm7/[go7(go1a+go5a+go9-gm14)],R out ≈g m7 /[g o7 (g o1a +g o5a +g o9 -g m14 )],
其中gmi、roi分别为电路中第i个MOS管Mi的跨导和输出阻抗。Among them, g mi and r oi are the transconductance and output impedance of the i-th MOS tube M i in the circuit respectively.
本例可调辅助差分对的M14的跨导gm14=0.85(go1a+go5a+go9),输出阻抗Rout相对没有加入gm14增大6.67倍,实现了16.5dB增益提升。In this example, the transconductance g m14 of M 14 of the adjustable auxiliary differential pair is 0.85(g o1a +g o5a +g o9 ), and the output impedance R out is increased by 6.67 times compared with that without adding g m14 , achieving a 16.5dB gain increase.
本例可调辅助差分对的M15的栅极接可调偏置电压Vt,通过微调Vt,即可克服MOS管失配以及工艺角的影响,消除输出增益的误差,实现无误差放大。In this example, the gate of M 15 of the adjustable auxiliary differential pair is connected to the adjustable bias voltage V t . By fine-tuning V t , the influence of MOS tube mismatch and process angle can be overcome, the error of output gain can be eliminated, and error-free amplification can be realized. .
本实施例与对比例在相同电压相同功耗情况下进行仿真对比实验,所得交流小信号幅频图结果如图3所示,图3中横坐标为频率,单位为Hz,纵坐标为增益,单位为dB,图中实线为本实施例的交流小信号幅频曲线,虚线为对比例的交流小信号幅频曲线。In this embodiment and the comparative example, the simulation comparison experiment is carried out under the same voltage and the same power consumption, and the result of the obtained AC small signal amplitude-frequency diagram is shown in Figure 3. In Figure 3, the abscissa is the frequency, the unit is Hz, and the ordinate is the gain. The unit is dB, the solid line in the figure is the AC small signal amplitude-frequency curve of this embodiment, and the dotted line is the AC small signal amplitude-frequency curve of the comparative example.
本实施例与对比例相同条件下仿真对比实验所得的交流小信号相频图结果如图4所示,图4中横坐标为频率,单位为Hz,纵坐标为相位,单位为deg,图中实线为本实施例的交流小信号相频曲线,虚线为对比例的交流小信号相频曲线。The results of the AC small-signal phase-frequency diagram obtained by the simulation comparison experiment under the same conditions of the present embodiment and the comparative example are shown in FIG. The solid line is the AC small-signal phase-frequency curve of this embodiment, and the dotted line is the AC small-signal phase-frequency curve of the comparative example.
图3、4中可看到本实施例相位裕度为70.1°,仍大于60°保证电路系统稳定;此条件下,本实施例低频直流增益达72.7dB,对比例仅为53.7dB,提高30%以上;本实施例单位增益带宽达217.9MHz,对比例仅为192.7,本实施例彷真结果实现了运放增益倍增,显然本实用新型的方案在相同功耗下具有更好性能。It can be seen from Figures 3 and 4 that the phase margin of this embodiment is 70.1°, which is still greater than 60° to ensure the stability of the circuit system; under this condition, the low-frequency DC gain of this embodiment reaches 72.7dB, and the comparison ratio is only 53.7dB, an increase of 30 More than %; the unit gain bandwidth of this embodiment is 217.9 MHz, and the comparison ratio is only 192.7. The simulation results of this embodiment have realized the gain multiplication of the operational amplifier. Obviously, the scheme of the present invention has better performance under the same power consumption.
表1进一步给出了本实施例与对比例的仿真实验所得的具体性能参数。Table 1 further shows the specific performance parameters obtained from the simulation experiments of this embodiment and the comparative example.
表1本实施例与对比例的性能参数对比表The performance parameter contrast table of table 1 present embodiment and comparative example
上述实施例,仅为对本实用新型的目的、技术方案和有益效果进一步详细说明的具体个例,本实用新型并非限定于此。凡在本实用新型的公开的范围之内所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only specific examples for further specifying the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the utility model, and the utility model is not limited thereto. All modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the disclosed scope of the present utility model are included in the protection scope of the present utility model.
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CN105141265A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2015-12-09 | 广西师范大学 | Gain increased operational transconductance amplifier |
CN111865227A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-30 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | A thin film transistor integrated amplifier |
CN112653319A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-13 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Receiving circuit of isolation driving circuit |
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CN105141265A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2015-12-09 | 广西师范大学 | Gain increased operational transconductance amplifier |
CN105141265B (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-12-22 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of operation transconductance amplifier of gain lifting |
CN111865227A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-30 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | A thin film transistor integrated amplifier |
CN111865227B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2024-04-19 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | A thin film transistor integrated amplifier |
CN112653319A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-13 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Receiving circuit of isolation driving circuit |
CN112653319B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-04-19 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | A receiver circuit of an isolated drive circuit |
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