CN204882908U - Photoelectricity measurement formula hyetometer - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photoelectric metering type rain gauge, which comprises a collection bin, a rain gauge disposed above the collection bin, a processor, and a power supply. The collection bin is provided with a plurality of funnel bins, and a bin door is arranged below each funnel bin. , the bin door is connected with a drive mechanism, and each funnel bin is connected to a float chamber, and a float is arranged in the float chamber, and a switch is arranged above the float chamber, and the float is used to trigger the switch, and the switch is used to control the funnel bin connected to the current float chamber The driving mechanism of the door works, the processor is connected with the switch and/or the driving part of the door of the funnel bin, the funnel bins are connected through the overflow port in turn, and the power supply supplies power to the electronic components. The utility model drains the rainwater through a plurality of equal-pressure and equal-volume funnels that can overflow sequentially, can monitor the rainfall and rainfall intensity in real time, and can record any rain situation online, so as to facilitate real-time release of real rainfall information and rainfall to the public Rain intensity report.

Description

Photoelectric metering rain gauge

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rain gauge devices, in particular to a photoelectric metering rain gauge.

Background technique

A rain gauge is an instrument used by meteorologists and hydrologists to measure the amount of precipitation in an area over a period of time. At present, there are three types of rain gauges that are common in the market: siphon type, tipping bucket type, and weighing type. The siphon rain gauge is the most common rainfall self-recording instrument currently used in my country. It mainly uses the siphon principle to continuously measure rainfall. During the long-term use, we found that the measurement error of the siphon rain gauge is relatively large. The main reason is that when the instrument siphons, the rainfall within the siphon duration is not measured, but is discharged from the instrument together with the siphon. Therefore, when the external rainfall intensity is strong, the measurement error will increase. Therefore, the siphon rain gauge has been listed as an obsolete product by the country. The working principle of the tipping bucket rain gauge is relatively simple. By setting the tipping bucket with a mechanical bistable property, when the precipitation reaches a certain amount, the balance of the tipping bucket will be broken, and it will turn over and finally fall into the metering bucket. Because the tipping bucket is a mechanical movement method, the rainwater is easy to splash and lose a certain amount of rainfall during the turning process. In addition, when the rain is too strong, the tipping bucket will not be able to turn over in time, which causes further expansion of the error. Therefore, the tipping bucket type rainfall The accuracy of the meter is also difficult to meet the high-precision requirements of rainfall measurement. At present, the accuracy of our country's weighing rain gauge cannot meet the technical requirements, and the imported products are expensive and difficult to popularize. Therefore, it is urgent to design a rain gauge with high accuracy and moderate price.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a photoelectric metering type rain gauge, which drains rainwater through a plurality of funnels with equal pressure and equal volume and can overflow sequentially. Rain intensity and rainfall size can be measured.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A photoelectric metering rain gauge, comprising a collection bin, a rain gauge arranged above the collection bin, a processor, and a power supply. The collection bin is provided with several funnel bins, and each funnel bin is provided with a door connected to the bottom of the bin. Drive mechanism, each funnel chamber is connected to a float chamber, the float chamber is provided with a float, and a switch is arranged above the float chamber, the float is used to trigger the switch, and the switch is used to control the funnel chamber connected to the current float chamber The driving mechanism of the bin door works, the processor is connected with the switch and/or the driving part of the bin bin door, the bin bins are sequentially communicated through the overflow port, and the power supply supplies power to the electronic components.

Further, it also includes a wireless signal transmission device connected to the processor.

Further, an electric heating element is also included, and the electric heating element is used for heating the funnel chamber.

Further, a temperature control element is also included, and the temperature control element is connected with the electric heating element.

Further, it also includes a rain gauge barrel and a weighing instrument, the rain gauge barrel is arranged under the assembly bin, and the weighing instrument is arranged under the rain gauge barrel.

Further, except for the last funnel bin, the side walls of the other funnel bins are provided with overflow ports.

Further, the heights of the overflow ports are equal.

Further, except for the first funnel bin, the side walls of the other funnel bins are provided with water inlets communicating with the overflow ports of adjacent funnel bins.

Further, the switch is located on the traveling route of the float.

Further, the switch is a photoelectric switch or a magnetic switch or a proximity switch.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

The present invention provides a brand-new rain gauge structure, which can monitor the amount and intensity of rainfall in real time, and can record any rain situation on-line, so as to facilitate real-time release of real reports of rainfall amount and intensity to the public. In the measurement process, compared with the existing siphon and tipping bucket rain gauges, the error is smaller, especially when the rain is strong, the ingenious overflow design can avoid the loss of rainwater, thereby avoiding the further expansion of the error. Compared with existing products, it has obvious advantages.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of photoelectric metering type rain gauge provided by the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1, that is, the schematic diagram of the structure of the funnel chamber and the float chamber;

Fig. 3 is a partial schematic view of the door of the funnel bin;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of electronic components in the rain gauge.

List of reference signs:

1-standard rain gauge, 2-overflow port, 3-collection bin, 4-heating element, 5-temperature control element, 6-rain gauge barrel, 7-weighing instrument, 8-switch, 9-float, 10-float Cavity, 11-cage door, 12-funnel storehouse, 13-water inlet, 14-drive mechanism.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Please refer to the structural diagrams of photoelectric metering rain gauges shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4, where the main body of the rain gauge includes a Ф200 standard rain gauge 1 set on the top and a collection bin 3 set under the standard rain gauge 1 . It should be explained that there are four funnel bins 12 in the assembly bin 3, and from left to right in Fig. 1 are the first funnel bin, the second funnel bin, the third funnel bin, and the fourth funnel bin, wherein the first funnel bin Below the standard rain gauge 1. These funnel bins 12 have the same shape and size, have the same capacity, and the funnel openings at the bottom have the same size, so the discharge flow per unit time of each funnel bin 12 is also exactly the same. The funnel bins 12 are preferably located on the same plane.

Each funnel is designed for equal pressure and equal flow, and the pressure of each funnel is:

P∝Vρ

In the formula, V—the volume of the funnel, ρ—the density of water, the outlet at the bottom of the funnel is a circular knife-edge shape, and the radius of the bottom outlet is R, then the flow rate of the funnel is:

Q∝πR ²

Each funnel chamber 12 is connected with a float chamber 10, the water surface in the funnel chamber 12 is equal to the water surface in the float chamber 10, a float 9 is arranged in the float chamber 10, and a switch 8 is arranged above each float chamber 10, and the float 9 rises to This switch 8 can be triggered when a certain height is reached, and the control switch 8 of the switch 8 preferably adopts a photoelectric switch 8, a magnetic switch 8 or a proximity switch 8, which can be triggered without direct contact with the float 9. Each hopper bin 12 is provided with a bin door 11, and the bin door 11 is connected with a drive mechanism 14 capable of opening and closing the bin door 11. The switch 8 triggered by the float 9 can control the drive mechanism 14, thereby controlling the connection with the float chamber 10. Open or close the funnel bin 12 and the bin door 11: when the float 9 rises with the water surface in the float chamber 10 to the top of the float 9 and reaches the position of the switch 8, the bin door 11 opens, and the funnel bin 12 discharges rainwater; when the float 9 descends with the float chamber When the water surface in the 10 rises to the top of the float 9 and is lower than the position of the switch 8, the door 11 is closed, and the funnel storehouse 12 stops draining. The processor can record the drainage time of each funnel bin 12. Specifically, the processor can be connected with the switch 8 to record the opening and closing time of each switch 8; it can also be connected with the driving mechanism 14 to obtain the opening and closing time of the driving mechanism 14, The above two methods can obtain the opening time of each funnel storehouse 12 door 11 (the time obtained by the second method is more accurate), and then calculate according to the rainfall discharged by the funnel storehouse 12 per unit time, you can get each The total amount of rain discharged from the funnel storehouse 12. The size of the 12 mouths of the funnel storehouse is preferably consistent with the size of the outlet of the standard rain gauge. The processor is powered by a power supply. Since the rain gauge is usually set in the field, it can be powered by a battery or solar photovoltaic power supply. When the power supply is a storage battery, the door drive mechanism 14 is designed as a permanent magnet material drive mechanism to reduce energy consumption; when the power supply adopts a photovoltaic power supply, it is relatively simple to open the door 11 with a motor drive. The processor can be connected with a wireless signal transmission device, and can be connected with an external antenna, so that the online working status of the rain gauge - the number of hopper bins 12 being drained and the drainage time of each funnel bin 12 - can be transmitted to the meteorological monitoring station in real time.

The four funnel bins 12 are arranged sequentially, and two adjacent funnel bins 12 communicate with each other through the overflow port 2. Specifically, the first funnel bin 12 is located below the standard rain gauge 1 and is used to receive the rainwater discharged from the standard rain gauge 1. For rainwater, except for the last funnel bin, the fourth funnel bin, the side walls of the first to third funnel bins all have overflow outlets 2 of the same height, except for the first funnel bin, the second to fourth funnel bins The funnel bins all have a water inlet connected to the overflow port 2 of the adjacent previous funnel bin 12, and the water inlet and the overflow port 2 are of the same height. When the height of the rainwater in the current funnel storehouse 12 exceeds the bottom height of the overflow port 2 (hereinafter referred to as the height of the overflow port 2), the rainwater flows through the overflow port 2 and the water inlet to the adjacent next funnel storehouse 12. It should be noted that since the rainwater higher than the overflow port 2 overflows into other funnel bins 12, the actual capacity of the funnel bin 12 is affected by the height of the overflow port 2, and the capacity of the funnel bin 12 should be based on the height below the overflow port 2. The 12 parts of the funnel storehouse are metered.

The height of the water surface when the float 9 triggers the switch 8 should be equal to or lower than the height of the overflow port 2. In this example, when the float 9 triggers the switch 8, the water surface height is equal to the height of the overflow port 2. At the height of the mouth 2, due to the tension of the water, the water at the overflow port 2 has not yet flowed out to the next funnel storehouse 12, but at this time the switch 8 is triggered, the mouth of the current funnel storehouse 12 is opened, and the current funnel storehouse 12 starts to drain water. When the intensity increases, the first funnel storehouse 12 cannot satisfy the rainwater drainage, and the water level in the current funnel storehouse 12 still rises, and the current funnel storehouse 12 overflows to the adjacent next funnel storehouse 12, and the float chamber connected to the next funnel storehouse 12 When the floater 9 in 10 triggers the switch 8, the next funnel storehouse 12 storehouse doors 11 are opened and start to discharge rain, and by analogy, when the rain intensity continues to increase, each hopper storehouse 12 storehouse doors 11 are from near to far (with the first in Fig. 1 One funnel storehouse is near, and the fourth funnel storehouse is far away) open one by one and overflow to the next funnel storehouse 12, when the rain intensity gradually decreases, each overflow port 2 stops overflowing gradually, and each hopper storehouse 12 door 11 is far away close in turn. Obviously, the number of funnel chambers 12 for drainage is directly proportional to the rain intensity, therefore, the rain intensity can be easily judged by the number of drainage funnel chambers 12 . This rain gauge can actually record the rain on-line. When there is no funnel chamber 12 to drain water, it can be considered that the rainfall has stopped. When there is funnel chamber 12 to drain water, then there is rainfall. Through the wireless signal transmission device, real-time rain intensity and rainfall data can also be obtained. It is transmitted to the monitoring center to facilitate real-time release of real rainfall and rain intensity reports to the public.

Obviously, the capacity of the funnel storehouse 12 should not be too large, otherwise too much rainwater will remain, and the capacity of the funnel storehouse 12 should not be too small. The small amount of rainfall stipulated by meteorological standards is that the rainfall per hour is less than or equal to m milliliters, and the capacity of the funnel storehouse 12 is preferably designed as:

Funnel bin capacity = πR ² × 4/3600t = n × 3.14 × 100 ² /3600

The number of funnel bins 12 is not limited by the number in the figure. The more funnel bins 12 are installed, the rainfall with greater rain intensity can be measured. Those skilled in the art can set an appropriate number of funnel bins 12 in combination with various factors such as cost and environment. , the overall calculation formula of the discharge rainfall of the funnel bin 12 is as follows:

$\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ~</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;R</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ...</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

Finally, there will be residual rainwater in the funnel bins 12, and the sum of the residual rainfall in each funnel bin 12 is as follows:

$\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ~</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; V</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;V</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;V</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ...</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;V</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}$

Finally, when calculating the actual rainfall, it is more accurate to add the residual rainfall in the funnel storehouse 12 on the basis of calculating the rainwater discharged by each funnel storehouse 12.

In Fig. 1, a rain gauge barrel 6 is also arranged below the collection bin 3, and a weighing instrument 7 is arranged below the rain gauge barrel 6. The water is weighed, which can be used for error analysis and calibration of the rain gauge. In actual use, the rain barrel 6 and the weighing instrument 7 are not parts that must be used.

In addition, considering that it is easy to freeze when it rains in the north, an electric heating element 4 is preferably arranged in each funnel bin to heat the funnel bin to prevent the rainwater from freezing in the bin so that it cannot be discharged. The electric heating element 4 is connected to the temperature control element 5. The electric heating element 4 can be started only when the air temperature is lower than a certain level (can be set in advance, such as 0° C., 2° C.), so as to achieve energy-saving effect. The temperature control element can be connected with the processor to form the overall control.

We adopt the middle rain gauge of the present invention to carry out metering test, and this device is placed in the field, and in rainfall process, rain intensity gradually reduces from small to large again until rain stops completely, and the number of funnel bins 12 that are draining and each funnel bin 12 The drainage time is transmitted to the meteorological monitoring station in real time. The working time of the first funnel bin (that is, the time when the bin door 11 is opened to discharge rain) is t ₁ , the drainage and rainfall of the first funnel bin 12 is M ₁ = πR ² t ₁ , , the third funnel bin, and the fourth funnel bin work time are t ₂ , t ₃ , and t ₄ respectively, so the total rainfall is:

$\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ~</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;R</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

The magnitude of rainfall M is linearly related to flow Q and time t, so it can also be intuitively expressed as an M-t diagram distributed in a Pearson III distribution diagram.

Preferably, the rainwater remaining in each funnel chamber 12, the float cavity 10, and the collection chamber should be added to obtain a more accurate total amount of rainwater. These residual rainwater can be calculated after analysis.

The technical means disclosed in the solutions of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a photoelectric metering formula rain gage, it is characterized in that: comprise set storehouse, be arranged on the rainfall bucket above set storehouse, processor, power supply, some funnel bins are provided with in described set storehouse, door is provided with below each funnel bin, door is connected with driving mechanism, each funnel bin is all communicated with a float cavity, float is provided with in described float cavity, switch is provided with above float cavity, described float is used for trigger switch, described switch is for controlling the driving mechanism work of the funnel bin door be communicated with current float cavity, described processor is connected with switch and/or funnel bin door driver part, described funnel bin is communicated with by overflow vent successively, described power supply is that electronic component is powered.

2. photoelectric metering formula rain gage according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise the wireless signal transmission be connected with processor.

3. photoelectric metering formula rain gage according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: also comprise heating, and described heating is used for heating funnel bin.

4. photoelectric metering formula rain gage according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: also comprise temperature control element, described temperature control element is connected with heating.

5. photoelectric metering formula rain gage according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: also comprise rainfall bucket and weighing apparatus, and described rainfall bucket is arranged on below set storehouse, and described weighing apparatus is arranged on below rainfall bucket.

6. photoelectric metering formula rain gage according to claim 1, is characterized in that: except last funnel bin, and all the other funnel bin sidewalls are equipped with overflow vent.

7. the photoelectric metering formula rain gage according to claim 1 or 6, is characterized in that: each overflow vent height is equal.

8. photoelectric metering formula rain gage according to claim 6, is characterized in that: except first funnel bin, all the other funnel bin sidewalls is equipped with the water inlet communicated with adjacent funnel bin overflow vent.

9. photoelectric metering formula rain gage according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described switch is positioned in float course.

10. photoelectric metering formula rain gage according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described switch is optoelectronic switch or magnetic switch or proximity switch.