CN204779210U - Rubbish flying dust washing liquid evaporation desalination system - Google Patents
Rubbish flying dust washing liquid evaporation desalination system Download PDFInfo
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- CN204779210U CN204779210U CN201520539516.3U CN201520539516U CN204779210U CN 204779210 U CN204779210 U CN 204779210U CN 201520539516 U CN201520539516 U CN 201520539516U CN 204779210 U CN204779210 U CN 204779210U
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种垃圾飞灰水洗液蒸发脱盐系统。 The utility model relates to an evaporation and desalination system for garbage fly ash water washing liquid.
背景技术 Background technique
垃圾飞灰是指在垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气净化系统收集而得的残余物，含有二恶英、呋喃等有机污染物和Pb、Cr等可溶性重金属，对环境和人体健康危害大，必须进行安全有效处置。根据垃圾飞灰成分特性，作为原料烧结水泥是一种有效处置垃圾飞灰的方法，但是垃圾飞灰中氯离子含量高，直接作为水泥原料会产生结皮和堵塞，影响水泥窑的正常运行，因此需要对垃圾飞灰进行预处理。 Garbage fly ash refers to the residue collected from the flue gas purification system of waste incineration power plants. It contains organic pollutants such as dioxins and furans and soluble heavy metals such as Pb and Cr. Effective disposal. According to the composition characteristics of waste fly ash, sintering cement as raw material is an effective method to dispose of waste fly ash, but the content of chloride ion in waste fly ash is high, and directly used as cement raw material will cause skinning and blockage, which will affect the normal operation of cement kiln. Therefore, it is necessary to pretreat the fly ash of garbage.
诸多研究和试验表明，水洗是一种有效的预处理方法，垃圾飞灰经过水洗预处理后，氯离子含量大幅度降低，满足并适合后续水泥窑处置，但是水洗产生的垃圾飞灰水洗液因含有较高浓度的氯盐需要进行蒸发脱盐处置。专利号为ZL201110031075.2的中国发明专利“一种从垃圾焚烧飞灰中提取钾钠盐的系统和方法”公开了一种从垃圾飞灰水洗液中提取钾钠盐单元，其主要包括预热器、蒸发器、闪蒸结晶器和蒸汽机械压缩器等，该单元实际上是一种非常简单的MVR(机械式蒸汽再压缩)系统，虽然相比传统蒸发方式具有节能效果明显的特点，但是由于垃圾飞灰水洗液中含有的盐包括氯化钠、氯化钾、碳酸钠、氯化钙等，成分复杂，且含盐浓度高，使得上述单元在实际运行中出现蒸发能力低、稳定性差和出盐不畅等问题，因此需要对该单元进行创新式改进。 Many studies and experiments have shown that water washing is an effective pretreatment method. After the waste fly ash is pretreated by water washing, the chloride ion content is greatly reduced, which is suitable for subsequent cement kiln disposal. Containing higher concentrations of chlorine salts requires evaporative desalination. The Chinese invention patent with the patent number ZL201110031075.2 "A system and method for extracting potassium and sodium salts from garbage incineration fly ash" discloses a unit for extracting potassium and sodium salts from garbage fly ash washing liquid, which mainly includes preheating device, evaporator, flash crystallizer and steam mechanical compressor, etc. This unit is actually a very simple MVR (Mechanical Vapor Recompression) system. Since the salt contained in the waste fly ash washing liquid includes sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium carbonate, calcium chloride, etc., the composition is complex and the salt concentration is high, which makes the above units have low evaporation capacity and poor stability in actual operation. And problems such as poor salt discharge, so it is necessary to make innovative improvements to this unit.
实用新型内容 Utility model content
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种垃圾飞灰水洗液蒸发脱盐系统，该系统适应垃圾飞灰水洗液成分复杂且含盐浓度高的特点，保证垃圾飞灰水洗液得到规模化稳定处置。 In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an evaporative desalination system for garbage fly ash water washing liquid. The liquid has been treated in a large-scale and stable manner.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案： In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种垃圾飞灰水洗液蒸发脱盐系统，包括预热器、降膜蒸发器、降膜分离器、强制循环分离器、强制循环蒸发器、稠厚器、离心机、母液罐、压缩机系统和冷凝水罐，其中，预热器冷媒进口前安装有进料泵，预热器冷媒出口与降膜蒸发器进料口相连；降膜蒸发器出料口与降膜分离器进口连接；降膜分离器设有两个液体出口，其一液体出口通过循环泵与降膜蒸发器进料口连接，另一液体出口通过转料泵与强制循环分离器一液体进口连接；强制循环分离器设置有三个液体进口和两个液体出口，其中一个液体进口与强制循环蒸发器出料口相连，其中一个液体出口通过强制循环泵与强制循环蒸发器进料口相连，另一个液体出口通过出料泵与稠厚器进口相连，第二个液体进口通过母液泵与母液罐出口连接；稠厚器溢流口与母液罐一进口连接，稠厚器下料口与离心机进料口连接；离心机母液出口与母液罐另一进口连接；降膜分离器与强制循环分离器蒸汽出口经管道汇合后与压缩机系统蒸汽进口相连；压缩机系统蒸汽出口与强制循环蒸发器蒸汽进口连接；强制循环蒸发器蒸汽出口与降膜蒸发器蒸汽进口连接，强制循环蒸发器冷凝水出口与和冷凝水罐一进口连接，降膜蒸发器冷凝水出口与冷凝水罐另一进口连接；冷凝水罐出口通过冷凝水泵与预热器热媒进口连接。 An evaporative desalination system for garbage fly ash washing liquid, including a preheater, a falling film evaporator, a falling film separator, a forced circulation separator, a forced circulation evaporator, a thickener, a centrifuge, a mother liquor tank, a compressor system and Condensate water tank, in which, a feed pump is installed before the refrigerant inlet of the preheater, and the refrigerant outlet of the preheater is connected with the inlet of the falling film evaporator; the outlet of the falling film evaporator is connected with the inlet of the falling film separator; The separator is equipped with two liquid outlets, one of which is connected to the feed port of the falling film evaporator through a circulation pump, and the other liquid outlet is connected to the liquid inlet of the forced circulation separator through a material transfer pump; the forced circulation separator is equipped with three One liquid inlet and two liquid outlets, one of which is connected to the outlet of the forced circulation evaporator, one of the liquid outlets is connected to the inlet of the forced circulation evaporator through a forced circulation pump, and the other liquid outlet is connected to the outlet of the forced circulation evaporator through a discharge pump The thickener inlet is connected, and the second liquid inlet is connected with the outlet of the mother liquor tank through the mother liquor pump; the overflow port of the thickener is connected with the first inlet of the mother liquor tank, and the feeding port of the thickener is connected with the feed port of the centrifuge; the centrifuge mother liquor The outlet is connected to the other inlet of the mother liquor tank; the steam outlet of the falling film separator and the forced circulation separator are connected to the steam inlet of the compressor system after being joined by a pipeline; the steam outlet of the compressor system is connected to the steam inlet of the forced circulation evaporator; the forced circulation evaporator The steam outlet is connected to the steam inlet of the falling film evaporator, the condensed water outlet of the forced circulation evaporator is connected to the first inlet of the condensed water tank, and the condensed water outlet of the falling film evaporator is connected to the other inlet of the condensed water tank; the outlet of the condensed water tank is connected to the condensed water pump Connect with the heat medium inlet of the preheater.
所述预热器为板式换热器。 The preheater is a plate heat exchanger.
所述降膜蒸发器上部设有布液盘。 The upper part of the falling film evaporator is provided with a liquid distribution pan.
所述离心机为两级活塞推料离心机或卧螺离心机。 The centrifuge is a two-stage piston pusher centrifuge or a decanter centrifuge.
所述强制循环分离器为正循环切向进料蒸发器。 The forced circulation separator is a positive circulation tangential feed evaporator.
本实用新型为了适应垃圾飞灰水洗液成分复杂且含盐浓度高特点，将蒸发浓缩和蒸发结晶分为两个相对独立的单元，利用MVR蒸发技术，热能由压缩机系统提供和维持平衡；蒸发浓缩单元主要包括预热器、降膜蒸发器和降膜分离器，通过对垃圾飞灰水洗液预热、反复蒸发，物料得到了浓缩但未达到饱和状态；蒸发结晶单元主要包括强制循环分离器、强制循环蒸发器，蒸发浓缩物料经过此单元进一步蒸发后，物料达到了饱和或过饱和状态，结晶盐开始析出；本实用新型后续设置稠厚器和离心机，首先将含有结晶盐物料进一步沉降浓缩，达到离心分离要求后，通过离心机有效分离后，结晶盐最终排到系统之外。 In order to adapt to the characteristics of complex components and high salt concentration of garbage fly ash washing liquid, the utility model divides evaporation concentration and evaporation crystallization into two relatively independent units, and utilizes MVR evaporation technology, and the heat energy is provided and maintained by the compressor system; evaporation The concentration unit mainly includes a preheater, a falling film evaporator and a falling film separator. Through preheating and repeated evaporation of the waste fly ash washing liquid, the material is concentrated but not saturated; the evaporation crystallization unit mainly includes a forced circulation separator 1. Forced circulation evaporator, after the evaporative and concentrated material is further evaporated through this unit, the material reaches a saturated or supersaturated state, and the crystalline salt begins to precipitate; the utility model is subsequently equipped with a thickener and a centrifuge, and firstly the material containing the crystalline salt is further settled Concentration, after meeting the requirement of centrifugal separation, after being effectively separated by the centrifuge, the crystallized salt is finally discharged out of the system.
本实用新型的有益效果是：(1)采用降膜蒸发器和强制循环蒸发器对物料进行蒸发浓缩，适应了垃圾飞灰水洗液料性，并且具有节能效果更为显著的特点；(2)垃圾飞灰水洗液经过预热、蒸发和深度蒸发步骤，蒸发能力大，且系统运行非常稳定；(3)采用稠厚器和离心机使结晶盐得到了分离，分离效率高且出盐顺畅；(4)对垃圾飞灰水洗液含盐浓度波动大特点具有很好的适应性，含盐浓度适应范围可为0-10％；(5)本实用新型创新性强，具有很好的操作灵活性、设备工作弹性和长期稳定性。 The beneficial effects of the utility model are: (1) The falling film evaporator and the forced circulation evaporator are used to evaporate and concentrate the material, which is adapted to the material properties of the garbage fly ash washing liquid, and has the characteristics of more significant energy saving effect; (2) Garbage fly ash washing liquid has gone through preheating, evaporation and deep evaporation steps, with large evaporation capacity and very stable system operation; (3) thickener and centrifuge are used to separate crystallized salt, with high separation efficiency and smooth salt discharge; (4) It has good adaptability to the characteristics of large fluctuations in salt concentration of garbage fly ash washing liquid, and the adaptable range of salt concentration can be 0-10%; (5) The utility model is highly innovative and has good flexible operation performance, equipment flexibility and long-term stability.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为垃圾飞灰水洗液蒸发脱盐系统工艺流程框图。 Figure 1 is a block diagram of the process flow of the waste fly ash water washing liquid evaporation desalination system.
图中：1-预热器；2-降膜蒸发器；3-降膜分离器；4-强制循环分离器；5-强制循环蒸发器；6-稠厚器；7-离心机；8-母液罐；9-压缩机系统；10-冷凝水罐。 In the figure: 1-preheater; 2-falling film evaporator; 3-falling film separator; 4-forced circulation separator; 5-forced circulation evaporator; 6-thickener; 7-centrifuge; 8- Mother liquor tank; 9-compressor system; 10-condensate water tank.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本实用新型作详细说明。 Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in detail.
一种垃圾飞灰水洗液蒸发脱盐系统，包括预热器1、降膜蒸发器2、降膜分离器3、强制循环分离器4、强制循环蒸发器5、稠厚器6、离心机7、母液罐8、压缩机系统9和冷凝水罐10。 An evaporative desalination system for garbage fly ash washing liquid, comprising a preheater 1, a falling film evaporator 2, a falling film separator 3, a forced circulation separator 4, a forced circulation evaporator 5, a thickener 6, a centrifuge 7, Mother liquor tank 8, compressor system 9 and condensed water tank 10.
上述系统中，预热器1冷媒进口前安装进料泵，通过进料泵将经过除钙等处理后的垃圾飞灰水洗液打入与冷凝水换热，预热器1冷媒出口与降膜蒸发器2进料口相连，降膜蒸发器2上部设有布液盘，通过布液盘的分散作用，垃圾飞灰水洗液均匀进入降膜蒸发器2的管程列管中，从上而下缓缓流下中与降膜蒸发器2的壳程蒸汽换热，达到了沸点形成了蒸发状态。 In the above system, a feed pump is installed before the refrigerant inlet of the preheater 1, and the garbage fly ash washing liquid after decalcification and other treatments is pumped into the condensed water through the feed pump to exchange heat with the condensed water. The feed port of the evaporator 2 is connected, and the upper part of the falling film evaporator 2 is equipped with a liquid distribution plate. Through the dispersing effect of the liquid distribution plate, the garbage fly ash washing liquid enters the tube-side tubes of the falling film evaporator 2 evenly, from top to bottom Slowly flowing downwards, the heat exchange with the shell-side steam of the falling film evaporator 2 reaches the boiling point and forms an evaporation state.
降膜蒸发器2出料口与降膜分离器3进口连接，经过降膜蒸发器2蒸发后物料进入降膜分离器3进行气液分离，降膜分离器3设有两个液体出口，其一液体出口通过循环泵与降膜蒸发器2进料口连接，使物料在降膜蒸发器2中反复蒸发，另一液体出口通过转料泵与强制循环分离器4一液体进口连接，从而使经过气液分离后的高浓液体转向结晶单元。 The outlet of the falling film evaporator 2 is connected to the inlet of the falling film separator 3, and after being evaporated by the falling film evaporator 2, the material enters the falling film separator 3 for gas-liquid separation. The falling film separator 3 is provided with two liquid outlets. One liquid outlet is connected to the feed port of the falling film evaporator 2 through a circulation pump, so that the material is repeatedly evaporated in the falling film evaporator 2, and the other liquid outlet is connected to the liquid inlet of the forced circulation separator 4 through a transfer pump, so that the After gas-liquid separation, the high-concentration liquid turns to the crystallization unit.
强制循环分离器4设置有三个液体进口和两个液体出口，其中一个液体进口与强制循环蒸发器5出料口相连，其中一个液体出口通过强制循环泵与强制循环蒸发器5进料口相连，另一个液体出口通过出料泵与稠厚器6进口相连，第二个液体进口通过母液泵与母液罐8出口连接；强制循环分离器4是结晶单元非常重要的设备，垃圾飞灰水洗液浓缩液通过在强制循环蒸发器5中进一步蒸发，在强制循环分离器4达到饱和或过饱和，从而使结晶盐析出。 The forced circulation separator 4 is provided with three liquid inlets and two liquid outlets, wherein one of the liquid inlets is connected with the forced circulation evaporator 5 outlets, and one of the liquid outlets is connected with the forced circulation evaporator 5 feed ports through the forced circulation pump, The other liquid outlet is connected to the thickener 6 inlet through the discharge pump, and the second liquid inlet is connected to the mother liquor tank 8 outlet through the mother liquor pump; the forced circulation separator 4 is a very important equipment of the crystallization unit, and the waste fly ash washing liquid is concentrated The liquid is further evaporated in the forced circulation evaporator 5, and reaches saturation or supersaturation in the forced circulation separator 4, so that the crystalline salt is precipitated.
稠厚器6溢流口与母液罐8一进口连接，稠厚器6下料口与离心机7进料口连接；离心机7母液出口与母液罐8另一进口连接；含有结晶盐的物料在稠厚器6沉降后，稠厚器6上清液进入母液罐8，底部浓液体积固液比达到30％后，进入到两级活塞推料离心机或卧螺离心机中进行固液分离，从而得到了结晶盐，而离心分离母液进入母液罐8与稠厚器6上清液一起返回至强制循环分离器4进行再次蒸发。 The overflow port of the thickener 6 is connected to the inlet of the mother liquor tank 8, and the feed port of the thickener 6 is connected to the feed inlet of the centrifuge 7; the mother liquor outlet of the centrifuge 7 is connected to the other inlet of the mother liquor tank 8; the material containing crystallized salt After the thickener 6 settles, the supernatant of the thickener 6 enters the mother liquor tank 8, and after the solid-liquid ratio of the concentrated liquid at the bottom reaches 30%, it enters a two-stage piston pusher centrifuge or a decanter centrifuge for solid-liquid Separation, thereby obtained crystalline salt, and centrifugal separation mother liquor enters mother liquor tank 8 and returns to forced circulation separator 4 together with thickener 6 supernatant and evaporates again.
降膜分离器3与强制循环分离器4蒸汽出口经管道汇合后与压缩机系统9蒸汽进口相连，通过压缩机系统9加压提温作用，蒸汽温度得以升高，满足蒸发换热要求；压缩机系统9蒸汽出口与强制循环蒸发器5蒸汽进口连接；强制循环蒸发器5蒸汽出口与降膜蒸发器2蒸汽进口连接，强制循环蒸发器5冷凝水出口与和冷凝水罐10一进口连接，降膜蒸发器2冷凝水出口与冷凝水罐10另一进口连接，即强制循环蒸发器5和降膜蒸发器2换热后的高温冷凝水都进入冷凝水罐10；冷凝水罐10出口通过冷凝水泵与预热器1热媒进口连接，通过预热器1换热，冷凝水温度降至40℃左右。 The steam outlet of the falling film separator 3 and the forced circulation separator 4 are connected to the steam inlet of the compressor system 9 after being merged through the pipeline, and the temperature of the steam is raised through the pressurization and temperature raising of the compressor system 9 to meet the requirements of evaporation and heat exchange; The steam outlet of the machine system 9 is connected to the steam inlet of the forced circulation evaporator 5; the steam outlet of the forced circulation evaporator 5 is connected to the steam inlet of the falling film evaporator 2, and the condensed water outlet of the forced circulation evaporator 5 is connected to the inlet of the condensed water tank 10, The condensed water outlet of the falling film evaporator 2 is connected to the other inlet of the condensed water tank 10, that is, the high-temperature condensed water after the heat exchange between the forced circulation evaporator 5 and the falling film evaporator 2 enters the condensed water tank 10; the outlet of the condensed water tank 10 passes through The condensed water pump is connected to the heat medium inlet of the preheater 1, and the heat is exchanged through the preheater 1, and the temperature of the condensed water drops to about 40°C.
所述预热器1为板式换热器，具有换热速度快、换热效率高的特点。 The preheater 1 is a plate heat exchanger, which has the characteristics of fast heat exchange speed and high heat exchange efficiency.
所述强制循环分离器4为正循环切向进料蒸发器，有利于结晶盐析出并增大，满足后续离心脱盐要求。 The forced circulation separator 4 is a positive circulation tangentially fed evaporator, which is conducive to the precipitation and increase of crystalline salts, and meets the requirements of subsequent centrifugal desalination.
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