CN204679292U - Construction and operation phase seepage field of tunnel model assay systems - Google Patents

Abstract

A tunnel seepage field model test system during construction and operation, including a seepage model box and a data acquisition device. The top of the box is provided with a pressure gauge, the bottom of the side wall is provided with an overflow hole, and the top and bottom of the side wall are respectively There are upper water inlet holes of the model box and lower water inlet holes of the model box; tunnel holes are opened on the opposite side walls; The outer ring bolts of the blue plate are fixed on the outer wall of the hole edge of the tunnel, and the inner and outer steel cages are respectively fixed between the two tunnel holes of the tunnel through the flange; the inner hole of the flange is provided with a cover plate; the inner and outer steel cages The soil barriers during the construction period are connected by threads; the inner steel cage is threaded to fix the tunnel face water retaining plate; and the two are located on the same vertical section. The system can conveniently, accurately and truly test the conditions of the seepage field during the tunnel construction and operation period under the action of the seepage field.

Description

Model test system for tunnel seepage field during construction and operation

technical field

The utility model relates to a tunnel seepage field model test system during construction and operation, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering tests.

Background technique

Long-term leakage of water in the tunnel may lead to a large loss of groundwater outside the tunnel, a drop in the groundwater level, and depletion of surface water sources, accompanied by soil erosion, vegetation destruction, and ground subsidence. Landslides will accelerate the corrosion of anchor rods and arches, and at the same time erode the ancillary facilities in the tunnel. In addition, the accumulated water on the road will also deteriorate the driving environment, affect driving safety, and damage the quality of the road surface. It can be seen that solving the problem of tunnel water leakage will help ensure the safety of the tunnel structure, prolong its service life, and protect the surrounding ecological environment. The core is to understand the relationship between the tunnel structure and the seepage field. At each stage of tunnel excavation, the underground seepage field will change accordingly. The tunnel seepage field model test device and its test method are used to test the underground seepage field. an important means.

Many domestic scientific research institutes have successively carried out model test design on water problems in mine method and shield tunnel:

(1) "Rock Mechanics and Engineering" No. 5, 2007 introduced a high-pressure tunnel seepage field test device system, which consists of four parts: a water pressure loading device, a closed box, a tunnel structure and a water pressure test device. The box body is welded with steel plate, channel steel and I-beam, and the size is 2m×1m×1.3m. This system can only simulate the circular prefabricated tunnel structure under the action of a constant hydrostatic head, and cannot realize all aspects of tunnel construction. Simulation of stage seepage fields and dynamic and variable heads.

(2) The patentee is Southwest Jiaotong University, and the Chinese patent application number 201120000959.7 introduces a shield tunnel drainage type segment lining model test chamber. The test chamber includes a closed pressure-bearing box, a tunnel model composed of circular PVC pipes, and a water storage container. It can study the influence of the drainage type segment lining on the pore water pressure and discharge rate of the surrounding rock, but it cannot reflect the dynamic head and water flow rate. The effect of variable water head cannot simulate the grouting layer which has a significant impact on tunnel construction.

(3) The patentee is Shandong University. Chinese patent application number 201110412569.5 introduces a fluid-solid coupling model test system and its test method for subsea tunnels, including a high-strength rigid test structure frame, a high-strength tempered glass sealed box, a monitoring display system, The computer-controlled platform and pressurized water tank can simulate plane and quasi-triaxial fluid-solid coupling model tests, but it cannot realize the simulation of grouting reinforcement layers and linings with different permeability coefficients, nor can it predict the water inflow and drainage of tunnels under different water heads .

Comprehensive analysis of the above-mentioned model test system still has the following deficiencies:

1. The water head of the above-mentioned model test system is usually constant and cannot be adjusted, and the effect of simulating the groundwater level is single. It is difficult to effectively support the construction of the entire tunnel, and it is impossible to analyze the seepage field of urban tunnels, mountain tunnels and submarine tunnels with different groundwater levels.

2. The tunnel construction period is an important stage of tunnel construction. Understanding the changes in the seepage field during the tunnel construction period, predicting the water inflow, testing the water pressure distribution of the surrounding rock-support system and the influence of grouting on the face of the tunnel will affect the smoothness of the tunnel project. Completion is critical, and none of the test systems described above were able to complete the seepage field analysis during the tunnel construction phase.

3. The change of the permeability coefficient and thickness of the surrounding rock grouting reinforcement area around the tunnel has a great impact on the underground seepage field, and will also directly change the water pressure and inrush (drainage) of the tunnel structure. The existing model test devices have not considered or It cannot be adjusted. Even if it can be adjusted, it can only be realized by replacing the pre-embedded soil in the box. The operation is cumbersome, which causes great interference to the test, and takes too long, which is not conducive to repeated tests.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a tunnel seepage field model test system during the construction and operation period. The system can conveniently, accurately and truly test the water pressure, inrush (discharge) water volume and seepage field changes during tunnel construction and operation period under the action of the seepage field, and can conduct tests on the surrounding rock, grouting reinforcement area, and tunnel face according to the test requirements. The parameters of the pre-grouting area and the primary lining can be freely configured and replaced to restore the situation of the tunnel and its surrounding seepage field to the greatest extent.

The technical solution adopted by the utility model to realize the purpose of the invention is: a tunnel seepage field model test system during the construction and operation period, including a box body of a seepage model box and a data acquisition device for collecting water pressure and seepage flow, and the top of the box body There is a pressure gauge, and an overflow hole for drainage is provided at the bottom of the side wall of the box. Its structural characteristics are:

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

1. By filling different rocks and soils to simulate the surrounding rock outside the soil layer in the box body, different hydrological and rock and soil geological conditions of the tunnel can be simulated, and the water inlet hole on the model box is connected to the water supply equipment that provides the water head. The seepage field of the subsea tunnel can be well simulated; the water inlet hole under the model box is connected with the water supply equipment that provides the water head, and the seepage field of the urban tunnel and mountain tunnel can be well simulated; thus, the anti-seepage of the tunnel project The design and construction provide a reliable test basis to ensure the safety of the tunnel.

2. Except that the fixed reinforcement cage and the box body are fixed, the rest are detachable structures with strong flexibility; the inner reinforcement cage and outer reinforcement can be replaced while the surrounding rock filled outside the fixed reinforcement cage remains unchanged. The rock and soil between the cages simulates the influence of the grouting reinforcement area (the area between the inner reinforcement cage and the outer reinforcement cage) with different permeability coefficients on the seepage of the tunnel under the same surrounding rock conditions; The lining and secondary lining of the tunnel structure can be adjusted according to the situation, with simple operation and strong practicability.

3. Through the design of the bolts and slots in the inner ring of the flange, the separate simulation control of the grouting reinforcement area and the tunnel structure can be realized, with strong practicability and flexibility.

4. During the construction period, the soil barrier and the water retaining plate of the tunnel face are connected by threads through the inner steel cage and the outer steel cage. The positions of the soil barrier and the water barrier of the tunnel face during the construction period can be changed according to the actual test requirements, so that Simulate and measure the tunnel seepage field and water inflow at different positions during the construction period of the tunnel excavation, provide a reliable test basis for the design and construction of the tunnel project, and ensure the safety of the tunnel construction.

Further, the upper water inlet hole of the model box or the lower water inlet hole of the model box described in the utility model is connected with the mobile water tank device, and the specific structure of the mobile water tank device is: the mobile water tank is placed on the lift platform The water inlets of the upper and movable water tanks are connected to the submersible pump inside the fixed water tank under the lifting platform through hoses, and the water outlets at the bottom of the mobile water tanks are connected to the upper water inlet hole of the model box or the lower water inlet of the model box through hoses The holes are connected.

In this way, by controlling the mobile water tank device, the state of the tunnel in static head, variable head and dynamic head can be studied; the water pressure, inrush ( Discharge) water volume and seepage field changes.

The utility model is used to simulate the test steps of the tunnel seepage field during the construction period as follows:

A. Lay the rock and soil mass of the simulated surrounding rock in layers according to the set compaction degree, and fill it into the box of the seepage model box; and pre-embed the water pressure gauge in the rock and soil layer;

B. Fill the right side of the soil barrier between the outer reinforcement cage and the inner reinforcement cage to simulate the rock and soil of the surrounding rock, and fill the left side of the soil barrier to simulate the reinforcement of the rock mass in the grouting reinforcement area during the construction period. layer, pre-embed the water pressure gauge in the reinforced rock and soil layer; attach the geotextile to the inner wall of the inner steel cage on the left side of the water retaining plate of the tunnel face to simulate the lining of the tunnel;

C. Fill the right side of the water retaining plate of the tunnel face in the inner reinforcement cage with the rock and soil mass simulating the surrounding rock, and cover the flange plate on the right side;

D. Connect the water outlet at the bottom of the mobile water tank to the upper water inlet hole of the model box or the lower water inlet hole of the model box, and adjust the mobile water tank to the set height;

E. Collect the water pressure of the rock and soil between the inner reinforcement cage and the outer reinforcement cage, the water pressure of the rock and soil laid in the box and the amount of water flowing out from the flange without the cover plate; end the test, that is, simulate The distribution of seepage field during the construction period of the tunnel under the condition of specific surrounding rock and grouting reinforcement and the water inflow of the tunnel under the condition of water blocking on the face of the tunnel are obtained;

F. Remove the face water baffle in the inner steel cage, re-collect the water pressure of the rock and soil between the inner steel cage and the outer steel cage, the water pressure of the rock and soil laid in the box and the uncovered cover The amount of water flowing out of the flange; after the end of the test, the seepage field distribution and total water inflow during the tunnel construction period under the specific surrounding rock and grouting reinforcement conditions are simulated.

The utility model is used to simulate the test steps of the tunnel seepage field during the operation period as follows:

A. Remove the soil barrier between the outer reinforcement cage and the inner reinforcement cage during the construction period and the face water retaining plate in the inner reinforcement cage;

B. The rock and soil mass of the simulated surrounding rock is laid in layers according to different compaction degrees, and filled into the box body of the seepage model box; and the water pressure gauge is pre-embedded in the rock and soil mass;

C. Fill the reinforcement rock-soil layer between the outer reinforcement cage and the inner reinforcement cage to simulate the rock mass in the grouting reinforcement area, and pre-embed a water pressure gauge in the reinforcement rock-soil layer; attach the geotextile to the inner wall of the inner reinforcement cage, To simulate the lining of the tunnel; a horseshoe-shaped tubular prefabricated concrete secondary lining is built into the inner steel cage;

D. Connect the water outlet at the bottom of the mobile water tank to the upper water inlet hole of the model box or the lower water inlet hole of the model box, and adjust the mobile water tank to the set height;

E. Collect the hydraulic pressure of the rock-soil body between the inner reinforcement cage and the outer reinforcement cage, the water pressure of the rock-soil body laid in the box and the amount of water flowing out from the flange; when the test is completed, the specific surrounding rock, The seepage field distribution and displacement of the tunnel during the operation period under the condition of grouting reinforcement.

The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the utility model (the movable water tank device is not drawn).

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of measuring the water gushing volume of the tunnel under the condition of water blocking on the tunnel face during the tunnel seepage field test during the construction period of the embodiment of the utility model (the mobile water tank device is not drawn).

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of measuring the total water inflow of the tunnel during the tunnel seepage field test during the construction period of the embodiment of the utility model (the mobile water tank device is not drawn).

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of the utility model when the tunnel seepage field test is carried out during the operation period (the mobile water tank device is not shown).

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the embodiment of the utility model and the mobile water tank device when simulating the seepage field of the subsea tunnel.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the embodiment of the utility model and the mobile water tank device when simulating the seepage field of urban tunnels and mountain tunnels.

Detailed ways

Fig. 1 shows, a kind of embodiment of the present utility model is: a kind of tunnel seepage field model test system in construction and operation period, comprises the box body 1 of seepage model box and the data acquisition device of collecting water pressure and seepage flow, so The top of the box 1 is provided with a pressure gauge 2, and the bottom of the side wall of the box 1 is provided with an overflow hole 5 for drainage. Its structural characteristics are:

The top of the side wall of the box body 1 is provided with an upper water inlet hole 12 of the model box, and the bottom end of the side wall is provided with a lower water inlet hole 13 of the model box; the opposite side walls of the box body 1 are provided with tunnel holes;

The two ends of the fixed reinforcement cage 6 are welded and fixed on the inner wall of the hole edge of the tunnel hole, the two ends of the outer reinforcement cage 7 and the inner reinforcement cage 8 inside the outer reinforcement cage 7 are aligned with the tunnel hole, and the two ends of the inner reinforcement cage 8 pass through the The inner ring bolts 3a of the blue plate 3 are connected with the flange plate 3, the outer ring bolts 3b of the flange plate 3 are threaded and fixed on the outer wall of the hole edge of the tunnel hole of the box body 1, and the two ends of the outer reinforcement cage 7 are engaged with the flange plate. On the slot on the inner surface of the flange 3; the flange 3 is provided with a cover plate 4 that can cover the inner hole of the flange 3;

The shapes of the end faces of the fixed reinforcement cage 6, the inner reinforcement cage 8, the outer reinforcement cage 7, the tunnel hole and the inner hole of the flange plate 3 are all horseshoe shapes;

The fixed reinforcement cage 6 is wrapped with a soil barrier layer 9 mixed with fine steel wire mesh and non-woven fabric;

Between the outer reinforcement cage 7 and the inner reinforcement cage 8, a construction period soil barrier 10 is threadedly connected; on the inner surface of the inner reinforcement cage 8, a palm surface water retaining plate 11 is screwed; and the construction period soil barrier 10 is connected to the palm The sub-face water baffles 11 are located on the same vertical section.

The upper water inlet 12 of the model box described in this example or the lower water inlet 13 of the model box are connected with the movable water tank device. On the lifting platform, the water inlet 14a of the movable water tank 14 is connected with the submersible pump 17 inside the fixed water tank 16 below the lifting platform through a hose, and the water outlet 14b at the bottom of the movable water tank 14 is connected to the model box through a hose. The water inlet 13 under the water hole 12 or the model box is connected. The water outlet 14b at the bottom of the movable water tank 14 is connected to the water inlet 13 under the model box through a hose, which can simulate the seepage field of urban tunnels and mountain tunnels, as shown in FIG. 6 . The water outlet 14b at the bottom of the movable water tank 14 is connected to the water inlet 12 on the model box through a hose, which can simulate the seepage field of the subsea tunnel, as shown in FIG. 5 .

Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 1, Fig. 5 show, use the construction and operation period tunnel seepage field model test system described in this example, the test method steps of the tunnel seepage field in the construction period of simulating subsea tunnel are as follows:

A. The rock and soil mass of the simulated surrounding rock is laid in layers according to the set compaction degree, and filled into the box body 1 of the seepage model box; and a water pressure gauge is pre-embedded in the rock and soil layer;

B. Fill the rock and soil mass of the simulated surrounding rock on the right side of the soil barrier 10 between the outer reinforcement cage 7 and the inner reinforcement cage 8 during the construction period, and fill the simulated grouting reinforcement area rock mass on the left side of the soil barrier 10 during the construction period In the reinforced rock-soil layer, a water pressure gauge is pre-embedded in the reinforced rock-soil layer; the geotextile is attached to the inner wall of the inner reinforcement cage 8 on the left side of the water retaining plate 11 of the tunnel face to simulate the lining of the tunnel;

C. The right side of the tunnel face water retaining plate 11 in the inner reinforcement cage 8 is filled with the rock and soil body simulating the surrounding rock, and the cover plate 4 of the flange plate on the right side is covered;

D. Connect the water outlet 14b at the bottom of the movable water tank 14 to the water inlet 12 on the model box, and adjust the movable water tank 14 to a set height;

E. Collect the water pressure of the rock-soil body between the inner reinforcement cage 8 and the outer reinforcement cage 7, the water pressure of the rock-soil body laid in the box body 1 and the water flow out of the flange 3 without covering the cover plate 4 ; End the test, that is, simulate the distribution of the seepage field during the construction period of the tunnel under the specific surrounding rock and grouting reinforcement conditions and the water inflow of the tunnel under the condition of water blocking on the tunnel face;

F. Remove the water retaining plate 11 on the face of the inner reinforcement cage 8, re-collect the water pressure of the rock and soil between the inner reinforcement cage 8 and the outer reinforcement cage 7, and the water pressure of the rock and soil laid in the box body 1 and the amount of water flowing out from the flange 3 without the cover plate 4; when the test is completed, the seepage field distribution and the total water inflow during the tunnel construction period under the specific surrounding rock and grouting reinforcement conditions are simulated.

Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 1, Fig. 6 show that with the construction and operation period tunnel seepage field model test system described in this example, the test method steps of the tunnel seepage field during the construction period of simulating urban tunnels or mountain tunnels are as follows:

A. The rock and soil mass of the simulated surrounding rock is laid in layers according to the set compaction degree, and filled into the box body 1 of the seepage model box; and a water pressure gauge is pre-embedded in the rock and soil layer;

B. Fill the rock and soil mass of the simulated surrounding rock on the right side of the soil barrier 10 between the outer reinforcement cage 7 and the inner reinforcement cage 8 during the construction period, and fill the simulated grouting reinforcement area rock mass on the left side of the soil barrier 10 during the construction period In the reinforced rock-soil layer, a water pressure gauge is pre-embedded in the reinforced rock-soil layer; the geotextile is attached to the inner wall of the inner reinforcement cage 8 on the left side of the water retaining plate 11 of the tunnel face to simulate the lining of the tunnel;

C. The right side of the tunnel face water retaining plate 11 in the inner reinforcement cage 8 is filled with the rock and soil body simulating the surrounding rock, and the cover plate 4 of the flange plate on the right side is covered;

D. Connect the water outlet 14b at the bottom of the movable water tank 14 to the lower water inlet 13 of the model box, and adjust the movable water tank 14 to a set height;

E. Collect the water pressure of the rock-soil body between the inner reinforcement cage 8 and the outer reinforcement cage 7, the water pressure of the rock-soil body laid in the box body 1 and the water flow out of the flange 3 without covering the cover plate 4 ; End the test, that is, simulate the distribution of the seepage field during the construction period of the tunnel under the specific surrounding rock and grouting reinforcement conditions and the water inflow of the tunnel under the condition of water blocking on the tunnel face;

F. Remove the water retaining plate 11 on the face of the inner reinforcement cage 8, re-collect the water pressure of the rock and soil between the inner reinforcement cage 8 and the outer reinforcement cage 7, and the water pressure of the rock and soil laid in the box body 1 and the amount of water flowing out from the flange 3 without the cover plate 4; when the test is completed, the seepage field distribution and the total water inflow during the tunnel construction period under the specific surrounding rock and grouting reinforcement conditions are simulated.

Fig. 4, Fig. 1 and Fig. 5 show that with the construction and operation period tunnel seepage field model test system described in this example, the steps of the test method for simulating the operation period tunnel seepage field of the subsea tunnel are as follows:

A. Remove the construction period soil barrier 10 between the outer reinforcement cage 7 and the inner reinforcement cage 8 and the face water retaining plate 11 in the inner reinforcement cage 8;

B. The rock and soil mass of the simulated surrounding rock is layered and laid according to different degrees of compaction, and filled into the box body 1 of the seepage model box; and a water pressure gauge is pre-embedded in the rock and soil mass;

C. Fill the reinforcement rock-soil layer between the outer reinforcement cage 7 and the inner reinforcement cage 8 to simulate the rock mass in the grouting reinforcement area, and pre-embed a water pressure gauge in the reinforcement rock-soil layer; attach the geotextile to the inner reinforcement cage 8 on the inner wall to simulate the lining of the tunnel; a horseshoe-shaped tubular prefabricated concrete second lining is built into the inner reinforcement cage 8;

D. Connect the water outlet 14b at the bottom of the movable water tank 14 to the water inlet 12 on the model box, and adjust the movable water tank 14 to a set height;

E. collect the water pressure of the rock-soil body between the inner reinforcement cage 8 and the outer reinforcement cage 7, the water pressure of the rock-soil body laid in the box body 1 and the water yield at the flange plate 3 places; finish the test, and the simulated The distribution of seepage field and drainage during the operation period of the tunnel under specific surrounding rock and grouting reinforcement conditions.

Fig. 4, Fig. 1 and Fig. 6 show that with the construction and operation period tunnel seepage field model test system described in this example, the steps of the test method for simulating the operation period tunnel seepage field of urban tunnels or mountain tunnels are as follows:

A. Remove the construction period soil barrier 10 between the outer reinforcement cage 7 and the inner reinforcement cage 8 and the face water retaining plate 11 in the inner reinforcement cage 8;

B. The rock and soil mass of the simulated surrounding rock is layered and laid according to different degrees of compaction, and filled into the box body 1 of the seepage model box; and a water pressure gauge is pre-embedded in the rock and soil mass;

C. Fill the reinforcement rock-soil layer between the outer reinforcement cage 7 and the inner reinforcement cage 8 to simulate the rock mass in the grouting reinforcement area, and pre-embed a water pressure gauge in the reinforcement rock-soil layer; attach the geotextile to the inner reinforcement cage 8 on the inner wall to simulate the lining of the tunnel; a horseshoe-shaped tubular prefabricated concrete second lining is built into the inner reinforcement cage 8;

D. Connect the water outlet 14b at the bottom of the movable water tank 14 to the lower water inlet 13 of the model box, and adjust the movable water tank 14 to a set height;

F. collect the water pressure of the rock-soil body between the inner reinforcement cage 8 and the outer reinforcement cage 7, the water pressure of the rock-soil body laid in the box body 1 and the water yield at the flange 3 places; finish the test, that is, simulated The distribution of seepage field and drainage during the operation period of the tunnel under specific surrounding rock and grouting reinforcement conditions.

Claims (2)

1. a construction and operation phase seepage field of tunnel model assay systems, comprise the casing (1) of percolation model case and gather the data collector of hydraulic pressure and seepage flow, described casing (1) top is provided with tensimeter (2), casing (1) sidewall bottom is provided with the spout hole (5) of draining, it is characterized in that:

The sidewall top of described casing (1) is provided with inlet opening on model casing (12), and sidewall bottom is provided with inlet opening (13) under model casing; The two side that casing (1) is relative has Tunnel-hole;

The two ends of fixing steel reinforcement cage (6) are fixedly welded on the peritreme inwall of Tunnel-hole, Tunnel-hole is aimed at interior steel reinforcement cage (8) two ends in outer steel reinforcement cage (7) and outer steel reinforcement cage (7), and the two ends of interior steel reinforcement cage (8) are connected with ring flange (3) by the inner ring bolt (3a) of ring flange (3), the outer ring bolt (3b) of ring flange (3) is screwed on the peritreme outer wall of the Tunnel-hole of casing (1), and the two ends of outer steel reinforcement cage (7) are sticked on the draw-in groove of ring flange (3) inside surface; Ring flange (3) is provided with the cover plate (4) that can cover ring flange (3) endoporus;

The shape of the endoporus of the end face of fixing steel reinforcement cage (6), interior steel reinforcement cage (8), outer steel reinforcement cage (7), Tunnel-hole and ring flange (3) is the shape of a hoof;

Fixing steel reinforcement cage (6) be wrapped with by finer wire net and nonwoven fabrics mix every soil layer (9);

Be threaded between steel reinforcement cage (7) and interior steel reinforcement cage (8) construction time soil separating plate (10) outside; On the inside surface of interior steel reinforcement cage (8), screw thread is fixed with face manger board (11); And construction time soil separating plate (10) and face manger board (11) are positioned on same vertical cross section.

2. one construction according to claim 1 and operation phase seepage field of tunnel model assay systems, it is characterized in that: on described model casing, under inlet opening (12) or model casing, inlet opening (13) is connected with movable type water case apparatus, the concrete structure of described mobile water tank device is: portable tank (14) is placed on the lifting table of elevating water tank tower (15), the water inlet (14a) of portable tank (14) is connected by the submersible pump (17) that flexible pipe is inner with the fixed water tank (16) be arranged at below lifting table, the water delivering orifice (14b) of portable tank (14) bottom is connected with inlet opening (13) under inlet opening on model casing (12) or model casing by flexible pipe.