CN204632785U - A photovoltaic module - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of photovoltaic module, it is characterized in that, comprising: backboard, cover plate, terminal box and multiple solar battery sheet group; Described multiple solar battery sheet group is arranged between described backboard and described cover plate, is electrically connected with described terminal box; Described solar battery sheet group at least comprises a solar cell string; Each solar battery sheet group has lead-out wire respectively, and described lead-out wire extends to the outside of described backboard and/or described cover plate; Be electrically connected by described lead-out wire between described solar battery sheet group.By solar battery sheet grouping is electrically connected as solar battery sheet group, make often to organize described solar battery sheet group and there is lower output voltage, by solar battery sheet group is carried out different electrical connections, the output voltage that photovoltaic module reaches different can be made, thus enable photovoltaic module be applicable to polytype low pressure photovoltaic system flexibly.

Description

A photovoltaic module

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a photovoltaic module.

Background technique

A solar cell is a semiconductor device that converts the sun's light energy directly into electrical energy. Because it does not cause environmental pollution during use and uses renewable sunlight, solar cells have broad prospects for development in today's energy shortage situation.

In order for solar cells to generate electricity stably and reliably for a long time, it is necessary to assemble multiple solar cells into a photovoltaic module, and then assemble it into a photovoltaic system. Common photovoltaic modules include thin-film photovoltaic modules and crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, among which crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules dominate the market due to mature production technology and relatively low cost. The crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules produced by the existing technology mostly adopt a sandwich structure, and its structure from top to bottom is tempered glass/encapsulation material/solar cell sheet/encapsulation material/back sheet, and a junction box is assembled on the back sheet to lead out the photovoltaic module At the same time, a frame is installed around it to improve the mechanical strength of the photovoltaic module and facilitate installation. The photovoltaic modules produced in the prior art generally adopt a pure series circuit, that is, each column of solar cells in the circuit is connected in series to form a solar cell string, and then the solar cell strings are connected in series through wires.

Conventional photovoltaic modules include 72 photovoltaic modules and 60 photovoltaic modules. After being manufactured by the above method, the maximum working voltages obtained are 36V and 30V respectively. These photovoltaic modules cannot be applied to photovoltaic systems with low DC side voltage, and reducing the output voltage of photovoltaic modules by reducing the number of solar cells will inevitably lead to a reduction in the power density of the modules.

Utility model content

In view of this, the utility model provides a photovoltaic module, which can be applied to a variety of photovoltaic systems with DC side voltages of low voltage without reducing the power density of the module.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

A photovoltaic module, comprising: a back plate, a cover plate, a junction box, and a plurality of solar cell groups; the plurality of solar cell groups are arranged between the back plate and the cover plate, and the junction box electrical connection; the solar cell group includes at least one solar cell string; each solar cell group has a lead-out line respectively, and the lead-out line extends to the outside of the back plate and/or the cover plate; the solar cell The battery sheet groups are electrically connected through the lead wires.

Preferably, the solar cell group further includes: a string of half solar cells, the half string of solar cells includes a plurality of half solar cells connected in series; Half a piece of solar cells obtained by splitting.

Preferably, the terminal box is provided with a terminal and a bypass diode, the lead wire of the solar battery group is electrically connected to the terminal, and the solar battery group is connected in parallel with the bypass diode. Preferably, it is characterized in that the photovoltaic module includes 4 solar cell groups; the solar cell group includes 2 solar cell half strings and 1 solar cell string; the solar cell half The strings are connected in parallel, and the solar cell strings are connected in series with the solar cell half strings connected in parallel; the solar cell half strings include 12 solar cell halves; the solar cell strings include 6 solar cell strings. Cell.

Preferably, the solar battery sheet group includes a plurality of solar battery strings, and the solar battery strings are electrically connected.

Preferably, the photovoltaic module includes 4 solar cell groups; the solar cell group includes 3 solar cell strings; the solar cell strings are connected in series; the solar cell string includes 6 Solar cells.

Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the utility model has the following advantages:

In the photovoltaic module provided by the utility model, the solar cell groups are electrically connected into solar cell groups, so that each group of solar cell groups has a lower output voltage, because each group of solar cell groups has a Group lead wires, by setting different electrical connection methods for the lead wires of solar cell groups, different electrical connection methods of solar cell groups can be realized, and different output voltages of photovoltaic modules can be obtained, so as to realize the power density of the solar cells without reducing the power density of the modules. Under the premise, the photovoltaic module can be flexibly applied to various types of low-voltage photovoltaic systems.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description It is only an embodiment of the utility model, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment one;

Fig. 2 is the circuit connection mode of the 36V output voltage of the utility model embodiment one;

Fig. 3 is the circuit connection mode of the 18V output voltage of the utility model embodiment one;

Fig. 4 is the circuit connection mode of the 9V output voltage of the utility model embodiment one;

Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the manufacturing method of the photovoltaic module according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. example. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

As described in the background, a conventional photovoltaic module includes multiple columns of solar cells, each column of cells is connected in series to form a solar cell string, and the solar cell strings are also connected in series. The existing 72-piece photovoltaic modules and 60-piece photovoltaic modules, after being connected in this way, have a maximum working voltage of 36V and 30V respectively. These photovoltaic modules cannot be applied to photovoltaic systems with a low DC side voltage, and photovoltaic modules with reduced number of solar cells will inevitably lead to a decrease in the power density of the module and an increase in the overall manufacturing cost of the module.

Based on this, the utility model provides a photovoltaic module, including: a back plate, a cover plate, a plurality of solar cell groups and a junction box; the plurality of solar cell groups are arranged on the back plate and/or the cover Between the boards, it is electrically connected with the junction box; each solar cell group has a lead-out line, and the lead-out line extends to the outside of the back plate and the cover plate; the solar cell group passes through The lead wires are electrically connected; the solar battery sheet group includes at least one solar battery string.

The photovoltaic assembly provided by the utility model divides the solar battery sheets in the photovoltaic assembly into solar battery sheet groups, so that each group of solar battery sheet groups has a lower output voltage. It has a set of lead wires. By setting different electrical connection methods for the lead wires of the solar cell group, different electrical connection methods of the solar cell group can be realized, and different output voltages of photovoltaic modules can be obtained, so as to realize the power consumption without reducing the cost of the module. Under the premise of high power density, photovoltaic modules can be flexibly applied to various types of low-voltage photovoltaic systems.

The above is the central idea of the utility model, and the technical solutions in the utility model embodiment will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the utility model embodiment. Obviously, the described embodiment is only the utility model Some, but not all, embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Embodiment one

This embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module includes: a backplane, a cover plate, a junction box, and a plurality of solar cell groups;

Specifically, the cover plate is usually a toughened glass plate, and the back plate is usually a TPT or TPE plate. In a double-sided solar cell module, the back plate can also be a tempered glass plate. In this embodiment, the The cover plate is a toughened glass plate, and the back plate is a TPT plate.

Usually, the photovoltaic module also has an encapsulation material, the encapsulation material is usually a polymer film, and the encapsulation material is usually EVA or POE, and in this embodiment, the encapsulation material is EVA.

Moreover, the photovoltaic module usually has a frame, and the material of the frame is usually aluminum alloy or plastic. In this embodiment, the frame is an aluminum alloy frame.

The junction box is usually made of plastic or metal, and a terminal and a bypass diode are arranged in the junction box. Wherein, four terminal posts and three (three groups) bypass diodes are set in the junction box, or two terminal posts and one (one group) bypass diodes are set, and in this embodiment, the junction box is made of plastic , where two binding posts and one (a set) of bypass diodes are set.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the plurality of solar cell groups are disposed between the back plate and the cover plate, and the three-layer structure is bonded together by EVA. In other embodiments of the present utility model, other bonding methods can also realize the above structure.

The plurality of solar cell groups are electrically connected to the junction box.

Specifically, the lead wires of the plurality of solar cells are electrically connected to the terminal, and the solar cell group is connected in parallel with the bypass diode.

The bypass diode set in the junction box is used to prevent hot spot effect.

In this embodiment, the plurality of solar cell groups is 4 solar cell groups.

Specifically, the four groups of solar cells are A, B, C, and D respectively, and the positive electrode A+ and the negative electrode A- of the group A battery sheet respectively have a lead wire, which is introduced into the positive and negative terminals in the junction box, It is electrically connected with other solar cell groups through the binding posts.

In addition, one or a group of bypass diodes can be set between the two terminals of the junction box in parallel with the battery slices of group A. When any battery slice of group A has a hot spot effect, the diode or diode group will lead to It can prevent the components from being damaged due to the local overheating of the cells. Similarly, the positive pole B+ and negative pole B- of group B cells, the positive pole C+ and negative pole C- of group C cells, and the positive pole D+ and negative pole D- of group D cells are respectively introduced into the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding junction box .

The solar battery sheet group includes at least one solar battery string.

In this embodiment, the solar cell string includes 6 solar cells, taking a conventional 156mm×156mm crystalline silicon cell as an example, since the maximum voltage Vmp of a single cell is 0.5V, and the maximum current Imp is 8.3A, so The maximum voltage Vmp ₁ of the solar battery string is 3V, and the maximum current Imp ₁ is 8.3A.

In this embodiment, the solar cell group further includes: a string of half solar cells, the string of half solar cells includes a plurality of half solar cells connected in series; Half a solar cell obtained by splitting at /2.

For a conventional 156mm×156mm crystalline silicon cell, the maximum voltage Vmp of a single cell is around 0.5V, and the maximum current Imp is around 8.3A. Since the voltage of a crystalline silicon cell has nothing to do with its area, and its current is proportional to its area, a whole cell of 156mm×156mm is cut equally along the 1/2 of the main grid line of the solar cell to obtain two 156mm × 78mm half solar cells, get half solar cells, the maximum voltage will still be about 0.5V, and the maximum current will become about 4.15A.

Connecting a predetermined number of said solar cell halves in series to obtain a string of solar cell halves. Specifically, in this embodiment, the string of half solar cells includes 12 half solar cells.

Still taking the conventional crystalline silicon cell as an example, the solar cell half-cell string composed of 12 half-cell solar cells connected in series, since the maximum voltage Vmp ₀ of a single solar cell half-cell is 0.5V, and the maximum current is Imp ₀ is 4.15A, so the solar cell The maximum voltage Vmp ₂ of the half-chip string is 6V, while the maximum current Imp ₂ is 4.15A

Specifically, the solar cell group in this embodiment includes two solar cell half strings and one solar cell string.

The string of half solar cells is electrically connected to the string of solar cells. Specifically, the half strings of solar cells are connected in parallel, and the strings of solar cells are connected in series with the half strings of solar cells connected in parallel.

After the two solar cell halves are connected in series and parallel, they are then connected in series with one of the solar cell strings, so that the current on the main circuit in each solar cell group is 8.3A, that is, the maximum current Imp ₃ is 8.3A, And the maximum voltage Vmp ₃ of each output terminal is 9V

The arrangement of the cells in this embodiment is similar to that of a conventional 72-cell photovoltaic module. Among the 72 photovoltaic modules, they are arranged in the form of 6×12, and each 12 pieces is a column, and the solar battery strings are connected in series, and there are 6 columns in total, which are 6 solar battery strings. However, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , it is divided into 12 rows of cells, and the cells in each row are connected in series. Among them, 4 columns are solar battery strings formed by connecting 6 whole solar battery pieces 100 in series, and 8 columns are composed of 12 solar battery half pieces 200 connected in series. Each solar cell group contains three columns, one column is a string of solar cells, and the other two columns are strings of half solar cells. The battery strings in each group adopt the same circuit connection mode.

Each solar cell group has a lead-out line respectively, and the lead-out line extends to the outside of the back plate and the cover plate; the solar cell group is electrically connected through the lead-out line;

In this embodiment, each solar cell group has a lead wire 300 respectively. The lead wires are introduced into the terminal posts of the equipped junction box, and the electrical connection mode between the solar cell groups can be flexibly set through the cables of the junction box.

After connecting the lead-out wires of the four groups of solar cells A, B, C, and D to the terminal posts of the respective junction boxes, different circuit connection methods are adopted for the cables of the junction boxes, so that the components can be realized in different ways. output voltage. Specifically, the positive and negative poles of the four groups of solar cells A, B, C and D are electrically connected differently through the lead wires, so that three output voltages of 36V, 18V and 9V can be realized.

For a 36V output voltage, the corresponding circuit connection method is shown in Figure 2. It is enough to connect four groups of solar cell groups 400 in series, that is, A+ and B-, B+ and C-, C+ and D- are respectively connected by wires, In this connection mode, A- is the negative output terminal of the component, D+ is the positive output terminal of the component, the maximum voltage Vmp ₄ of the entire component is 36V, and the maximum current Imp ₄ is 8.3A.

For 18V output voltage, the corresponding circuit connection method is shown in Figure 3. First, connect A+ and B-, C+ and D- with wires, so that group A and group B, group C and group D are connected in series; then connect A- and C-, B+ and D+ are respectively connected with wires, and the solar cell groups after series connection are connected in parallel. At the positive output terminal, the maximum voltage Vmp ₄ of the entire component is 18V, and the maximum current Imp ₄ is 16.6A.

For 9V output voltage, the corresponding circuit connection method is shown in Figure 4. Connect A-, B-, C-, and D- with wires as the negative output terminal of the component, and connect A+, B+, C+, and D+ with wires It is used as the positive output terminal of the module. In this connection mode, the parallel connection of four groups of solar cells A, B, C, and D is realized. The maximum voltage Vmp ₄ of the entire module is 9V, and the maximum current Imp ₄ is 33.2 a.

Under the above three circuits, although the maximum voltage and maximum current of the component are different, the maximum power of the component is the same, that is, the above-mentioned different circuit connection methods only adjust the output voltage and circuit of the component, and do not affect the output of the component. power. In addition, due to the above-mentioned different circuit connections, the board shape and size of the whole module do not change, so the power density of the module also remains unchanged.

According to the photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment, various output voltages such as 36V, 18V, and 9V can be realized while maintaining power output and power density. The circuit connection method provided by this embodiment is flexibly selected so that the modules have different output voltages, realizing that a photovoltaic module can be directly applied to various types of low-voltage photovoltaic systems.

Therefore, this embodiment greatly broadens the application range of conventional photovoltaic modules in various photovoltaic systems while maintaining the power density of the modules. For example, if the 9V circuit connection method is selected, the output voltage of the module is 9V, and the output voltage of 27V can be achieved by connecting three modules in series. Combined with a suitable photovoltaic controller, the module can be applied to a low-voltage independent photovoltaic system with a DC side of 24V; The 18V circuit connection method is selected, and the three modules are connected in series to achieve an output voltage of 54V. Combined with a suitable photovoltaic controller, the module can be applied to a low-voltage independent photovoltaic system with a DC side of 48V; and the 18V circuit connection method is used, three modules The modules are connected in parallel to achieve an output voltage of 18V. Combined with a suitable photovoltaic controller, the modules can be applied to a low-voltage independent photovoltaic system with a DC side of 12V

It can be seen that in the photovoltaic module provided by this embodiment, the groups of solar cells are electrically connected into groups of solar cells, so that each group of solar cells has a lower output voltage, because each group of solar cells Each group has a set of lead wires. By setting different electrical connection methods for the lead wires of the solar cell group, different output voltages of photovoltaic modules can be set, so as to achieve flexible adaptation to multiple PV modules without reducing the power density of the modules. Types of low-voltage stand-alone photovoltaic systems.

Embodiment two

Different from the previous embodiment, the solar cell group in this embodiment includes three solar cell strings, and the solar cell strings are connected in series.

Since the solar cell string includes 6 solar cells, taking a conventional 156mm×156mm crystalline silicon cell as an example, since the maximum voltage Vmp of a single cell is 0.5V, and the maximum current Imp is 8.3A, the maximum The voltage Vmp ₁ is 3V, and the maximum current Imp ₁ is 8.3A.

The three solar battery strings are connected in series, and the current in the main circuit of the obtained solar battery group is 8.3A, that is, the maximum current Imp ₄ is 8.3A, and the maximum voltage Vmp ₄ at the output end of each group is 9V.

Same as the previous embodiment, the photovoltaic module provided by this embodiment electrically connects groups of solar cells into groups of solar cells, so that each group of solar cells has a lower output voltage, because each group of solar cells Each cell group has a set of lead wires. By setting different electrical connection methods for the lead wires of the solar cell group, different output voltages of photovoltaic modules can be set, so as to achieve flexible power consumption without reducing the power density of the modules. Adapt to various types of low-voltage stand-alone photovoltaic systems.

Embodiment three

Corresponding to the above embodiment, this embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module, which is used to manufacture the photovoltaic module in the above embodiment. Specifically, referring to Figure 5, the method includes

Step S1: connecting a preset number of solar cells in series to obtain a solar cell string.

Specifically, a preset number of solar cells are connected in series by using solder ribbons to obtain a solar cell string.

Step S2: arranging the solar cell strings in groups to obtain a solar cell sheet group, and the solar cell sheet group includes at least one solar cell string.

In this embodiment, the solar cell group includes more than one solar cell string, and the solar cell strings are electrically connected to obtain a solar cell group.

Specifically, a corresponding circuit is designed according to a target voltage value, and the solar cells are connected in series or in parallel to obtain a solar cell group.

Step S3: Laying the solar cell group between the back plate and the cover plate, reserving the lead wires of the solar cell group to the outside of the back plate and/or the cover plate.

Specifically, lay the solar cell group between the back plate and the cover plate, and set a transparent adhesive film, such as EVA, etc., between the solar cell group and the cover plate, the solar cell group and the back plate, etc. laminated.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the lead-out wires of the solar cell group are led out from the backplane.

Step S4: Electrically connect the solar cell group and the junction box to obtain a photovoltaic module.

Specifically, the terminal box is provided with a terminal and a bypass diode.

According to the position where the lead-out wires of each group of solar cell groups are drawn out on the backplane, the junction box is assembled on the backplane, and the lead-out wires of each group of solar cells are connected to the wiring of the junction box In this way, the electrical connection between the solar cell groups can be realized through the electrical connection of the cables of the junction box. In this way, the cables of the junction box can be set in different electrical connection methods to realize the connection of photovoltaic modules. different output voltages. In addition, the solar cell group is connected in parallel with the bypass diode in the junction box to obtain a photovoltaic module.

In the manufacturing method of the photovoltaic module provided by this embodiment, the groups of solar cells are electrically connected into solar cell groups, so that each group of solar cell groups has a lower output voltage, because each group of solar cell groups Each has a set of lead wires. By setting different electrical connection methods for the lead wires of the solar cell group, different output voltages of photovoltaic modules can be set, so as to achieve flexible adaptation to various PV modules without reducing the power density of the modules. type of low-voltage stand-alone photovoltaic system.

Embodiment Four

The difference from the previous embodiment is that this embodiment further includes step S0 before step S1, and a corresponding implementation method in step S2.

Step S0: Dividing a predetermined number of solar cells along the 1/2 of the busbar lines of the solar cells to obtain half solar cells; connecting the half solar cells in series to obtain a string of half solar cells.

Since the solar battery half has the same voltage and 1/2 current as the solar battery, the solar battery group can obtain a suitable output voltage by properly setting the solar battery half.

Step S2: arranging the solar cell strings in groups to obtain a solar cell sheet group, and the solar cell sheet group includes at least one solar cell string.

In this embodiment, the solar cell group includes a solar cell string and a preset number of solar cell half strings, and the solar cell string is electrically connected to the solar cell half string to obtain a solar cell Group.

In the manufacturing method of the photovoltaic module provided by this embodiment, the groups of solar cells are electrically connected into solar cell groups, so that each group of solar cell groups has a lower output voltage, because each group of solar cell groups Each has a set of lead wires. By setting different electrical connection methods for the lead wires of the solar cell group, different output voltages of photovoltaic modules can be set, so as to achieve flexible adaptation to various PV modules without reducing the power density of the modules. type of low-voltage stand-alone photovoltaic system.

Claims (6)

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that it comprises: a backplane, a cover plate, a junction box and a plurality of solar cell groups; The plurality of solar cell groups are arranged between the back plate and the cover plate, and are electrically connected to the junction box; The solar cell group includes at least one solar cell string; Each solar battery sheet group has lead wires respectively, and the lead wires extend to the outside of the back plate and/or the cover plate; the solar battery sheet groups are electrically connected through the lead wires. 2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein a terminal and a bypass diode are arranged in the junction box, the outgoing wire of the solar cell group is electrically connected to the terminal, and the A solar battery pack is connected in parallel with the bypass diode. 3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell group further comprises: A string of half solar cells, the string of half solar cells includes a plurality of half solar cells connected in series; the half solar cells are half solar cells obtained by dividing along 1/2 of the main grid line of the solar cells. 4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes 4 groups of solar cells; The solar cell group includes two solar cell half strings and one solar cell string; the solar cell half strings are connected in parallel, and the solar cell string is connected to the parallel connected solar cell half string series connection between The solar battery half string includes 12 solar battery halves; the solar battery string includes 6 solar battery slices. 5 . The photovoltaic module according to claim 1 , wherein the solar battery sheet group comprises a plurality of solar battery strings, and the solar battery strings are electrically connected to each other. 6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes 4 groups of solar cells; The solar cell group includes three solar cell strings; the solar cell strings are connected in series; The solar battery string includes 6 solar battery slices.