CN204434564U - A kind of gasification burner tip and vapourizing furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a gasification burner and a gasification furnace. The gasification burner comprises a burner seat (1), a center nozzle (2) vertically penetrating into the burner seat from the outside, and a plurality of oblique Nozzle (3), the central flow and oblique flow introduced by the nozzle can collide and burn and gasify at the intersection point (P) inside the burner seat, and the inner side of the burner seat is also formed around the intersection point to suppress Circumferential protective layer impinged by oblique flow. Described center spray pipe can also comprise the outer spray pipe (21) of sheathing and interior spray pipe (22), and the inner end nozzle of interior spray pipe retracts so that the shrinkage space is formed as premixing area (C); In the mixing zone, the primary gasification agent jet and the fuel flow are mixed into a central mixed flow, and the central mixed flow and the secondary gasification agent jet introduced by the oblique nozzle (3) converge at the intersection point. The structure of the gasification burner is relatively simple, and it has a better mixing effect, especially reduces the damage to the furnace wall of the gasification furnace, and improves the service life of the gasification furnace.

Description

A kind of gasification burner and gasification furnace

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of coal gasification, in particular to a gasification furnace and a gasification burner.

Background technique

The clean and efficient utilization of coal is the most important subject of coal science research at present. Coal gasification is the most important way of clean and efficient utilization of coal, and it is also the source of all coal chemical projects. Among them, the gasification burner is one of the key equipment of the whole gasification furnace, and the development of the gasification burner technology directly determines the operation stability and reliability of the gasification technology.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 show two common gasification burner structures in the prior art. Fig. 1 is the coaxial jet gasification nozzle shown in CN 102583243 A, comprises inner burner, middle burner and outer burner, and is provided with coating on part wall surface of burner to improve service life. However, when this traditional coaxial jet gasification nozzle is in use, the spraying distance of the "flame" is longer, which makes the service life of the refractory bricks in the gasifier shorter. Moreover, the mixing effect of the gasification agent and fuel in this nozzle is general, and the fuel and gasification agent will form a large vortex back-mixing in the gasifier to increase the residence time of the fuel, which makes the required gasification The reactor volume of the furnace is relatively large.

Figure 2 is a gasification nozzle shown in the patent with the approval number CN1015822, in which there is a certain angle between the gasification agent jet and the fuel flow, but the impact point (that is, the combustion zone) of the two is at the burner The front end, also known as the burner surface. The disadvantage of this type of gasification nozzle is that it is very easy to cause damage on the burner face due to the high heat flux and potentially corrosive environment in the gasification process. In order to overcome this defect, the design of the burner structure needs to be more complicated, and it is even necessary to add a refractory lining on the outer surface of the front end of the burner or to install a hollow wall with an inner cooling channel to make the cooling fluid circulate at a high speed in the inner cooling channel.

Existing studies have shown that when the gasification temperature reaches above 1400°C, the overall reaction rate of gasification is basically not affected by temperature, and the main controlling factor is the mass transfer rate between gas and solid. Therefore, how to strengthen the mass transfer between gas and solid is the key way to solve the low gasification efficiency, so as to reduce the residence time, reduce the volume of equipment, and reduce equipment investment. For entrained bed gasifiers, the key to enhancing mass transfer and heat transfer is to allow solid particles to disperse evenly and quickly mix into the gas phase medium while minimizing back mixing.

Utility model content

In order to overcome the above defects, the utility model provides a gasification burner and a gasification furnace with the gasification burner. The structure of the gasification burner is relatively simple and has a better mixing effect, especially greatly reducing the Damage to the furnace wall of the gasifier increases the service life of the gasifier.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a gasification burner, the gasification burner includes a burner seat, a central nozzle and a plurality of oblique nozzles, and the central nozzle passes through the outer side of the burner seat vertically. Into the burner seat, a number of oblique nozzles are symmetrically arranged around the central nozzle and penetrate into the burner seat obliquely from the outside. The central flow introduced by the central nozzle and the oblique flow introduced by the inclined nozzle It can collide and burn and gasify at the intersection point inside the burner seat, and the inner side of the burner seat is also formed with a circumferential protective layer around the intersection point to suppress the impact of oblique flow.

Preferably, the circumferential protective layer is a cylindrical protective cover with heat-resistant material inside, the top end of the protective cover is connected to the inner wall of the burner seat, and the inner ring wall of the protective cover is embedded with The coolant coil is covered with a coolant pipe protective layer.

More preferably, in the protective cover, the inner chamber surrounded by the inner ring wall includes an upper truncated conical inner chamber with a flared top end and a lower truncated conical inner chamber with a flared bottom end, the central nozzle and A plurality of oblique nozzles are all connected to the inner chamber of the upper truncated cone, and the intersection point is located in the inner chamber of the lower truncated cone.

More preferably, the burner seat is provided with a first cooling chamber surrounding the central nozzle and a second cooling chamber surrounding a plurality of inclined nozzles, and the second cooling chamber communicates with the cooling liquid coil.

Preferably, an inert gas nozzle is provided on the inner wall of the burner seat to spray out an inert gas protective layer as a circumferential protective layer.

More preferably, the inert gas nozzle is arranged circumferentially near the intersection of the gasifier wall and the inner side of the burner seat, so as to better prevent the impact of the high-speed oblique flow on the gasifier wall and corrosion.

Also more preferably, the inert gas shield is a _CO2 gas shield.

Optionally, the central flow introduced by the central nozzle is the fuel flow, and the oblique flow introduced by the oblique nozzle is the gasification agent jet.

Preferably, the central nozzle includes a sheathed outer nozzle and an inner nozzle, one of the outer ends of the outer nozzle and the outer end of the inner nozzle is fed with fuel, and the other is fed with a gasification agent to form a primary gas Chemical agent jet, the inner ends of the outer nozzle pipe and the inner nozzle pipe that penetrate the burner seat are provided with nozzles; the inner end nozzles of the inner nozzle pipe are retracted into the burner seat relative to the inner wall of the burner seat, so that The shrinkage space between the nozzle at the inner end and the inner wall is formed as a premixing zone;

Among them, the oblique flow introduced by the oblique nozzle is the secondary gasification agent jet, and in the premixing zone, the primary gasification agent jet and fuel flow introduced by the outer or inner nozzle are mixed into a central mixed flow, The central mixed flow and the secondary gasifying agent jet flow converge at the intersection point.

Optionally, the outer end of the outer nozzle is provided with a tangential inlet, and the fluid entering through the tangential inlet can form a swirl flow between the outer nozzle and the inner nozzle.

Optionally, guide vanes extending helically in the axial direction are provided on the outer wall of the inner nozzle to guide the fluid entering from the outer nozzle to form a swirl flow between the outer nozzle and the inner nozzle.

Optionally, the outer wall surface of the inner end of the inner nozzle is provided with a plurality of propeller blades arranged in the circumferential direction, and the fluid entering from the outer nozzle passes through the gap channel between any two adjacent propeller blades in the form of swirling flow. Enter the premix area.

On the basis of the above, the utility model also provides a gasification furnace, the gasification burner according to the utility model is arranged on the furnace wall and/or the top of the gasification furnace.

Preferably, a plurality of the above-mentioned gasification burners may be arranged at intervals on the top of the gasification furnace.

According to the above-mentioned technical scheme, in the gasification burner of the present invention, different from the traditional coaxial jet gasification nozzle, a plurality of oblique nozzles arranged around the central nozzle are used, and the two types of nozzles spray The central flow and oblique flow collide and burn and gasify inside the burner seat, thus avoiding damage to the burner surface or the burner itself. The collision combustion can also effectively enhance the uniform dispersion effect of fuel particles and The rapid mixing of the gasification agent reduces the velocity after the collision, and also reduces the length of the back-mixing and combustion flame, thereby reducing the required volume of the gasifier. In addition, a circumferential protective layer is specially set to prevent high-speed oblique The impact and corrosion of the gasifier wall by the direction flow.

Other features and advantages of the present utility model will be described in detail in the following specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the structural representations of two kinds of gasification burners in the prior art;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gasification burner and its installation structure on a gasification furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 3, and partially specifically shows the internal structure of the gasification burner, especially shows the specific structure and cooling structure of the cylindrical protective cover as a preferred embodiment of the circumferential protective layer;

Figure 5 is a top view of an outer nozzle with a tangential inlet;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of an inner nozzle with guide vanes;

Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view of the inner nozzle pipe that is provided with the propeller blade arranged along the circumferential direction at the nozzle end;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the gasification burner on the wall of the gasification furnace according to the utility model, three-dimensionally showing that four oblique nozzles are evenly arranged around the central nozzle;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of seven gasification burners on the wall of the gasification furnace according to the present invention, which also shows the arrangement of gas pipes forming a circumferential protective layer of inert gas.

Explanation of reference signs

1 burner seat 2 center nozzle

3 inclined nozzle 4 protective cover

5 Gasifier 6 Connecting flange

11 The first cooling chamber 12 The second cooling chamber

13 inner wall 21 outer nozzle

22 inner nozzle pipe 23 tangential inlet

24 Guide vanes 25 Propeller blades

41 Heat-resistant material 42 Coolant coil

43 Coolant pipe protection layer P junction

A Upper chamber of frustum of cone B Lower chamber of frustum of cone

C Premixing zone D Gap channel

α upper cone angle β lower cone angle

Detailed ways

The specific embodiment of the utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the utility model, and are not intended to limit the utility model.

In the present utility model, in the case of no contrary description, the used orientation words such as "up, down, top, bottom" usually refer to the direction shown in the drawings, or refer to vertical, vertical or In terms of the direction of gravity, or the term used to describe the mutual positional relationship between the components of the relevant structural equipment under normal use conditions; similarly, for the convenience of understanding and description, "inside and outside" refer to the contours of the components themselves inside and outside, but the above-mentioned orientation words are not used to limit the utility model.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the utility model discloses a gasification burner, the gasification burner includes a burner seat 1, a central nozzle 2 and a plurality of oblique nozzles 3, the central nozzle 2 from The outer side of the burner seat 1 penetrates into the burner seat 1 vertically, and a plurality of oblique nozzles 3 are arranged symmetrically around the central nozzle 2 and obliquely penetrate into the burner seat 1 from the outside. The central flow introduced by the central nozzle 2 and the oblique flow introduced by the oblique nozzle 3 can collide and burn and gasify at the intersection point P inside the burner seat 1, and the inner side of the burner seat 1 also forms a surrounding The circumferential protective layer provided at the intersection point P mainly suppresses the oblique flow, including the impact of the burned gas on the furnace wall of the gasifier 5 .

Among them, in order to improve gasification efficiency and enhance mass transfer and heat transfer, on the basis of the existing coaxial delivery of fuel and gasification agent (such as oxygen), it is improved to pass through the center jet in the form of center flow and oblique flow respectively. pipe 2 and oblique nozzle 3, and then collide and burn and gasify at the intersection point P inside the burner seat 1. The collision of the two jets can make the solid particle fuel disperse more evenly and quickly Mixed into the gas phase medium, the fuel and gasification agent have a better mixing effect than the coaxial jet structure. Moreover, the intersection point P is at a certain distance inside the burner seat 1, which can reduce back-mixing and avoid high-temperature damage to the burner itself. The relative reduction in velocity after collision also reduces the length of the combustion flame, thereby reducing the required volume of the gasifier.

However, since the oblique flow ejected from the oblique nozzle 3 generally has a relatively high velocity, even if there is a certain deceleration after the collision combustion, it still has a considerable velocity, which can cause certain impact damage to the furnace wall of the gasifier 5 , especially under long-term effects, the maintenance cost is also high, or the furnace volume of the gasifier needs to be increased to avoid impact. In the present utility model, a circumferential protective layer around the intersection point P is specially provided for this purpose, so as to prevent the high-speed oblique flow from impacting the wall of the gasifier.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, as a preferred embodiment of the circumferential protective layer, it is designed as a cylindrical protective cover 4 with a built-in heat-resistant material 41, and the top end of the protective cover 4 is connected to the inner wall of the burner seat 1 13. The inner ring wall of the protective cover 4 is embedded with a cooling liquid coil 42 arranged continuously along the inner ring wall, and the cooling liquid coil 42 can be fixedly connected to the externally covered cooling liquid pipe protective layer 43 (such as SiC castables, etc.). Among them, the cylindrical protective cover 4 is integrated with the burner seat 1, and a high-temperature fuel combustion gasification channel is formed in the protective cover 4, and the high-temperature combustion gas acts on the inner ring wall of the protective cover 4, that is, the cooling liquid pipe protective layer 43 Above, the coolant pipe protection layer 43 is continuously cooled by the coolant coil 42 . After the high-temperature combustion gas acts on the inner ring wall, the velocity and temperature are greatly reduced, thereby effectively avoiding oblique flow and erosion of the gasifier wall by the high-temperature combustion gas.

Specifically, in the protective cover 4, the inner chamber surrounded by the inner ring wall (that is, the high-temperature fuel combustion gasification channel) includes an upper frustum-shaped inner chamber A with a flared top and a lower portion with a flared bottom. The inner chamber B of the truncated cone, the central nozzle 2 and the plurality of oblique nozzles 3 are all connected to the inner chamber A of the upper truncated cone, and the intersection point P is preferably located in the inner chamber B of the lower truncated cone. In this way, the oblique flow and the central flow pass through the inner chamber A of the upper frustum of the cone and converge at the junction P. The flaring at the top of the inner chamber A of the upper truncated cone is convenient for accommodating the central flow and two oblique flows, and the tapered opening at the bottom of the inner chamber A of the upper truncated cone is conducive to the mixing of the central flow and the oblique flow. At the intersection point P, the high-temperature gas after collision and combustion diffuses outward through the bottom flare of the lower frustum-conical inner chamber B, and the inner wall of the lower frustum-conical inner chamber B faces the diffused high-temperature gas and part of the oblique flow. Block impact. Wherein, the inclination angle of the oblique nozzle 3 relative to the central nozzle 2, the upper cone angle α of the upper frustum of conical chamber A and the lower cone angle β of the lower frustum of conical chamber B can be designed or On-site debugging can be 90°～160°. Of course, the structure of the protective cover 4 here is merely an example, for example, if there is a specific need, the intersection point P can also be set in the inner chamber A of the upper truncated cone.

The collision combustion at the intersection point P will inevitably generate a lot of heat, which will cause scorching to the inner ring wall of the protective cover 4, and also bring high temperature to the nearby burner seat 1, central nozzle 2 and oblique nozzle 3 Therefore, it is necessary to perform rapid and effective cooling and maintain the operating temperature of the burner seat 1. To this end, the burner base 1 shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 is provided with a first cooling chamber 11 surrounding the central nozzle 2 and a second cooling chamber 12 surrounding a plurality of oblique nozzles 3, the second The cooling chamber 12 is preferably in communication with an adjacent cooling liquid coil 42 . The first cooling chamber 11 and the second cooling chamber 12 are respectively connected with independent water inlets and water outlets. Of course, the first cooling chamber 11 and the second cooling chamber 12 can be separated from each other, can be used as independent cooling chambers, or can be connected to each other, which can be designed according to specific needs.

As another embodiment of the circumferential protective layer, the circumferential protective layer does not necessarily have to be a physical cover, and it may be a gas protective layer. For example, an inert gas nozzle can be connected to the inner wall 13 of the burner seat 1 to spray out an inert gas protective layer as a circumferential protective layer. As shown in Figure 9, when the gasification burner is arranged on the roof of the gasification furnace, the inert gas nozzles forming the gas shield 4 can be arranged along the circumference of the gasification furnace to form a circumferential annular airflow, so as to Protect the circumferential inner furnace wall of the gasifier. Preferably, the inert gas shield is a _CO2 gas shield. The inert gas nozzle is arranged circumferentially near the intersection of the gasifier wall and the inner side of the burner seat, so as to better prevent the high-speed oblique flow from impacting and corroding the gasifier wall. That is, the inert gas nozzle ejects _{CO 2} , which can react with the unburned carbon particles attached to the furnace wall to form CO, absorb heat at the same time, cool down the furnace wall of the gasifier, and further protect the furnace wall.

Optionally, the central flow introduced by the central nozzle 2 may be a gasification agent jet, and the oblique flow introduced by the oblique nozzle 3 is a fuel flow. However, in the embodiments shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the oblique flow introduced by the oblique nozzle 3 is a gasification agent jet.

On this basis, the fuel flow injected into the central nozzle 2 is initially mixed with the primary gasification agent jet, and then collided with the secondary gasification agent jet to achieve a better uniform mixing effect. Specifically, the center nozzle 2 may include an outer nozzle 21 and an inner nozzle 22 coaxially sleeved, and one of the outer ends of the outer nozzle 21 and the outer end of the inner nozzle 22 feeds fuel, and the other Pass into a jet of gasification agent, the outer ends of the outer nozzle 21 and the inner nozzle 22 are affixed through the connecting flange 6 and the annular space between the outer nozzle 21 and the inner nozzle 22 is closed externally, the outer nozzle 21 and the inner nozzle 22 The inner end of the inner nozzle pipe 22 penetrating into the burner seat 1 is provided with a nozzle. The spray head can exist independently and be connected with the conduit to form the outer spray pipe 21 or the inner spray pipe 22 . As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the inner end of the conduit is designed to have a tapered cross-section to form a nozzle, and the cone angle of the nozzle in the figure is about 50°. The closing cone angle depends on specific conditions, and can be 10° to 60°. In addition, the inner end nozzle of the inner nozzle 22 is retracted a certain distance into the burner seat 1 relative to the inner side wall 13 of the burner seat 1, so that the retracted space between the inner end nozzle and the inner side wall 13 is formed as a premixing space. District C.

In this way, the primary gasification agent jet flow and fuel flow introduced by the outer nozzle 21 and the inner nozzle 22 can be accelerated at the nozzle, and then premixed in the premixing zone C and become a central mixed flow before being discharged from the burner. At this time, the oblique flow introduced by the oblique nozzle 3 is the jet of secondary gasification agent, and the central mixed flow and the jet of secondary gasification agent are gathered at the intersection point P for remixing. In this way, the pre-mixing can make the mixing more uniform and the combustion more complete, and the optimal mixing effect can be achieved through the two-stage mixing method.

Particularly, as shown in Fig. 5, the outer end of outer nozzle 21 can be provided with off-center tangential inlet 23, the fluid (for example oxygen flow) that enters through this tangential inlet 23 can flow between outer nozzle 21 and inner nozzle. 22 to form a swirl in the annular space. Likewise, a similar tangential inlet may also be provided at the outer end of the inner nozzle 22, through which fluid (eg fuel flow) entering is formed into a swirling flow. The fluid sprayed from the nozzle in the form of a swirling flow can further increase the mixing effect in the premixing zone C.

Similarly, as shown in Figure 6, the outer wall surface of the inner nozzle 22 can also be provided with a guide vane 24 extending helically in the axial direction, so that the fluid entering by the outer nozzle 21 can flow between the outer nozzle 21 and A swirl flow is formed between the inner spray pipes 22 . Referring to Fig. 7, a plurality of propeller blades 25 arranged in the circumferential direction may also be arranged on the outer wall surface of the inner nozzle of the inner nozzle 22, and the fluid entering by the outer nozzle 21 passes through the gap between two adjacent propeller blades 25. The gap channel D enters the premixing zone C in the form of swirling flow. Through the design of the above three types of swirlers, the tangential velocity of the fluid can be increased, the mixing effect of the jet can be enhanced, and the length of the flame can be shortened.

Referring to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the oblique nozzles 3 can be arranged symmetrically around the central nozzle 2 on the burner seat 1, and the number can be 4, 6 and other even numbers. The oblique nozzles 3 are relative to the central nozzle 2 The inclination angle depends on the specific installation situation, usually about 10°～60°. The oblique nozzle 3 is preferably circular. At this time, the outer ends of the inclined nozzles 3 can communicate with each other, and the gasification agent fluid can be fed through one or more inlets. The size of the central nozzle 2 and the oblique nozzle 3 can be determined according to the process requirements and the size and processing capacity of the gasifier 5 . Taking a gasifier with a processing capacity of 1500 tons/day as an example, the diameter of the central nozzle 2 or the inclined nozzle 3 is generally between 100 mm and 200 mm to meet the requirements.

On the basis of the above-mentioned gasification burner, the utility model also provides a corresponding gasification furnace, and the gasification burner according to the utility model is arranged on the furnace wall and/or top of the gasification furnace. In this embodiment, the gasification burner is arranged on the top of the gasification furnace 5 to prevent the circumferential inner wall of the gasification furnace 5 from being eroded.

According to the structural characteristics of the gasification burner of the utility model, more than one gasification burner can be arranged on the gasification furnace. As shown in Figure 9, a plurality of gasification burners can be arranged at intervals on the top of the gasification furnace 5 according to the process requirements, such as the seven shown in the figure, and at the same time, the inner side near the gasification furnace wall and the burner seat The inert gas nozzles are arranged circumferentially at the junction of the two, thereby forming a gas shield 4 as a circumferential protective layer. The integrated arrangement of multiple gasification burners is beneficial to reduce the load of a single nozzle and increase equipment reliability and online rate.

The preferred embodiment of the utility model has been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the utility model is not limited to the specific details of the above-mentioned embodiment, and within the scope of the technical concept of the utility model, the technical solution of the utility model can be carried out in many ways. A kind of simple modification and improvement, for example protective cover 4 can simply be made up of refractory brick etc., but these simple modification and improvement all belong to the protection scope of the present utility model.

In addition, it should be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable way if there is no contradiction. The combination method will not be explained separately.

In addition, any combination of various implementations of the present invention can also be made, as long as they do not violate the idea of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the disclosed content of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A gasification burner is characterized in that the gasification burner comprises a burner seat (1), a central nozzle (2) and a plurality of oblique nozzles (3), and the central nozzle (2 ) vertically penetrates into the burner seat (1) from the outside of the burner seat (1), and a plurality of the oblique nozzles (3) are arranged symmetrically around the center nozzle (2) and from the The outer side obliquely penetrates into the burner seat (1), the central flow introduced by the central nozzle (2) and the oblique flow introduced by the oblique nozzle (3) can be in the burner The intersection point (P) inside the nozzle seat (1) collides and burns and gasifies, and the inner side of the burner seat (1) is also formed around the intersection point (P) to suppress the oblique Circumferential protective layer for flow impact. 2. The gasification burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, the circumferential protective layer is a cylindrical protective cover (4) with a heat-resistant material (41) inside, and the top end of the protective cover (4) Connected to the inner side wall (13) of the burner seat (1), the inner ring wall of the protective cover (4) is embedded with a cooling liquid coil (42) arranged continuously along the inner ring wall, the cooling liquid The outside of the coiled pipe (42) is covered with a protective layer (43) for the cooling liquid pipe. 3. The gasification burner according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the protective cover (4), the inner chamber surrounded by the inner ring wall includes an upper truncated cone with a flaring top. The chamber (A) and the lower truncated conical inner chamber (B) with a flaring bottom end, the central nozzle (2) and multiple oblique nozzles (3) are all connected to the upper truncated cone Chamber (A), said meeting point (P) is located in said lower frusto-conical inner chamber (B). 4. The gasification burner according to claim 2, characterized in that, the burner seat (1) is provided with a first cooling chamber (11) surrounding the central nozzle (2) and surrounding multiple cooling chambers. According to the second cooling chamber (12) of the inclined nozzle (3), the second cooling chamber (12) communicates with the cooling liquid coil (42). 5. The gasification burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner wall (13) of the burner seat (1) is provided with an inert gas nozzle to spray out the inert gas as the circumferential protective layer. Gas shield. 6. The gasification burner according to claim 5, characterized in that, the inert gas protective layer is a _CO2 gas protective layer. 7. The gasification burner according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, the center flow introduced by the center nozzle (2) is a fuel flow, (3) The oblique flow introduced is a gasification agent jet. 8. The gasification burner according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, the central nozzle (2) comprises a sleeved outer nozzle (21) and an inner nozzle (22), One of the outer end of the outer nozzle pipe (21) and the outer end of the inner nozzle pipe (22) feeds fuel, and the other feeds gasification agent to form a gasification agent jet, and the outer nozzle pipe ( 21) and the inner end of the inner nozzle pipe (22) penetrating into the burner seat (1) are all provided with nozzles; the inner end nozzles of the inner nozzle pipe (22) are relatively The inner side wall (13) of the inner side wall (13) is retracted into the burner seat (1), so that the shrinkage space between the inner end nozzle and the inner side wall (13) is formed as a premixing zone (C); Wherein, the oblique flow introduced by the oblique nozzle (3) is a secondary gasification agent jet, and in the premixing zone (C), the outer nozzle (21) or the inner nozzle The primary gasification agent jet flow introduced by the pipe (22) and the fuel flow are mixed into a central mixed flow, and the central mixed flow and the secondary gasification agent jet flow converge at the intersection point (P). 9. The gasification burner according to claim 8, characterized in that, the outer end of the outer spray pipe (21) is provided with a tangential inlet (23), and the fluid entering through the tangential inlet (23) can A swirl flow is formed between the outer nozzle pipe (21) and the inner nozzle pipe (22). 10. The gasification burner according to claim 8, characterized in that, the outer wall surface of the inner nozzle (22) is provided with guide vanes (24) extending helically in the axial direction to guide the The fluid entering the outer nozzle (21) can form a swirl between the outer nozzle (21) and the inner nozzle (22). 11. The gasification burner according to claim 8, characterized in that, the outer wall surface of the inner end of the inner nozzle pipe (22) is provided with a plurality of propeller blades (25) arranged in the circumferential direction, by the The fluid entering the outer spray pipe (21) enters the premixing zone (C) in the form of swirling flow through the gap channel (D) between any two adjacent propeller blades (25). 12. A gasification furnace, characterized in that the gasification burner according to any one of claims 1-11 is arranged on the wall and/or top of the gasification furnace. 13 . The gasification furnace according to claim 12 , characterized in that, a plurality of the gasification burners are arranged at intervals on the top of the gasification furnace. 14 .