CN204391710U - A kind of Novel electric surge protector - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a novel surge protector, which comprises a lightning protection element, an overcurrent protection device, a thermal protection device and a casing. The lightning protection element and the overcurrent protection device are connected in series to form a surge discharge path. The protection device is located on the electrode of the lightning protection component; the new surge protector also includes a magnetic field detection device, a current limiter, a buffer displacement shrapnel, an inertia device, an electromagnetic action mechanism, a linkage mechanism, a normally open contact, a signal detector, and a signal transmission line , Overcurrent protection device detector, data unit, connecting wire, connecting terminal. This new type of surge protector fundamentally solves the potential safety hazards caused by the action blind area of the existing thermal protection device and overcurrent protection device and the unknowable operation status of the overcurrent protection device, thermal protection device and the working status of the lightning protection components. .

Description

A New Type of Surge Protector

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of surge protection for electronic and electric equipment.

Background technique

Lightning is a special weather phenomenon caused by the discharge of charged clouds in the air. Lightning is an important cause of damage to electronic equipment, which threatens the safe and stable operation of electronic information systems in various fields such as construction, railways, civil aviation, communications, industrial control, and military. Installing surge protectors on metal lines such as power lines, signal lines, and control lines connected to electronic equipment is one of the important measures for lightning protection. Surge protectors have been widely used in various fields and play an important role in lightning protection. The quality of its state directly affects its lightning protection effect, thus bringing hidden dangers to the safety of the protected equipment.

At this stage, SPD usually has two kinds of protection devices: thermal protection and overcurrent protection (built-in or external) when used. The thermal protection device is used to protect the lightning protection device from deteriorating and heating, and the overcurrent protection device is used to prevent transient overcurrent or The lightning protection device caused by the voltage is broken down and short circuited, and the overcurrent protection is used as a backup protection method for thermal protection, so it can play an effective protective role in most occasions.

However, since heat conduction is a relatively slow process, the sensitivity of the thermal protection device is low, and it can still provide effective protection for the slow temperature rise process, but for the rapid temperature rise caused by the continuous overvoltage state in the low (medium) voltage system , the thermal protection tripping device cannot sense this process in time without taking action, causing the lightning protection device to be broken down, and the power frequency current enters the SPD line. When the power frequency current value does not reach the starting value of the overcurrent protection device, the overcurrent The protection device will not operate, which will cause the SPD to catch fire; if the start-up value of the over-current protection device is selected to be small, although it can be started, it is difficult to resist the impact of the lightning current, resulting in the SPD not being able to discharge the lightning current normally. Moreover, the operating status of the thermal protection device and the overcurrent protection device of the existing surge protector cannot be grasped by the user in time, and the use status of the lightning protection components inside the surge protector cannot be known by the user at the same time, thus resulting in failure to timely Maintenance of surge protectors or replacement of internal components or devices may cause lightning strikes or other accidents.

To sum up, the current SPD overcurrent protection device and thermal protection device have a serious action blind zone. When the SPD passes the current in this area, neither the thermal protection device nor the overcurrent protection device can separate the damaged SPD from the main circuit, thereby There are serious safety hazards; at the same time, the action of the overcurrent protection device and thermal protection device and the working status of the lightning protection components cannot be known by the user in time, which also brings serious safety hazards.

Utility model content

In order to effectively solve the above problems in the prior art, the utility model proposes a new type of surge protector for power supply systems that is easy to install and reliable in performance, which fundamentally solves the dead zone and the action of the existing thermal protection device and overcurrent protection device. The operation status of the overcurrent protection device, the thermal protection device and the working status of the lightning protection components are unknown, which brings potential safety hazards.

The utility model adopts the following technical solutions: the utility model is a surge protector used in a power electronic circuit system, and the surge protector includes a lightning protection element, an overcurrent protection device, a thermal protection device and a casing. The component and the overcurrent protection device are connected in series to form a surge discharge path, and the thermal protection device is located on the electrode of the lightning protection component. , inertial device, electromagnetic action mechanism, linkage mechanism, normally open contact, signal detector, signal transmission line, overcurrent protection device detector, data unit, connecting wire, connecting terminal; the magnetic field detection device is installed in the surge discharge Near the passage, it is connected with the electromagnetic action mechanism; the electromagnetic action mechanism controls the movement of the buffer displacement shrapnel; the buffer displacement shrapnel is connected to the inertial device; the inertial device controls the action of the normally open contact through the linkage mechanism; the normally open contact It is connected in series with the current limiter to form a bypass, and the bypass is connected in parallel at both ends of the lightning protection element; the signal detector is installed on or near the electrode surface of the lightning protection element, or near the surge discharge path, through the signal transmission line and the data unit connection; the detector of the overcurrent protection device is connected in parallel to both ends of the overcurrent protection device, and connected to the data unit through a signal transmission line; the data unit is connected to the connection terminal through a connection line.

The magnetic field detection device has a built-in magnetic field detector and a data amplification device, the magnetic field detector is connected with the data amplification device, and the data amplification device is connected with the electromagnetic action mechanism. After the normally open contact is closed, it will not be opened again before the overcurrent protection device is disconnected, and the normally open contact also has a reset switch. The lightning protection element includes one or a combination of piezoresistor, discharge tube, TVS; the overcurrent protection device can be a fuse or a circuit breaker; the current limiter can be electronic devices such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, etc. One of them or a circuit composed of them has the effect of limiting current; the inertial device is an inertia wheel or a weight or a damping gear or an air valve or a delay circuit, which will only move when it is subjected to a continuous force.

The magnetic field detection device has a built-in magnetic field detector and a data amplification device, and the magnetic field detector is used to detect changes in the magnetic field of the surge discharge path, and outputs different current signals to the data amplification device according to different magnetic fields; the data amplification device has a built-in power supply, After the signal is amplified, it is output to the electromagnetic action mechanism to drive its action. Because the magnetic field radiated by lightning surge is different from that of power frequency current, including the size, direction, rate of change, duration and other parameters of the magnetic field, the current output from the final data amplification device to the electromagnetic action mechanism is different, and the electromagnetic action mechanism continues to operate. The time is also different. Only when the power frequency short-circuit current continues to flow through the surge discharge path, the electromagnetic detection device can continuously input the induced current to the electromagnetic action mechanism, so that the ejector rod of the electromagnetic action mechanism continues to push the inertial displacement shrapnel, causing the inertial device to move; Due to the extremely fast occurrence time of the surge, the ejector rod of the electromagnetic action mechanism only pops out instantly and returns to its original position, and the inertial device cannot be driven due to its inertial effect.

The signal detector can be installed on or near the electrode surface of the lightning protection component to detect the temperature, magnetic field, infrared and other signals of the lightning protection component; it can also be installed near the surge discharge path to detect the temperature and magnetic field of the surge discharge path , infrared, electric power and other signals; the signal detector can also detect the action of the thermal protection device. The detector of the overcurrent protection device can detect the state of the overcurrent protection device, and output it to the data unit through the signal transmission line. The data unit has a built-in power supply, or obtains power from outside the connection terminal through a connection wire.

The working mode of the new surge protector:

When the lightning current flows through the lightning protection element, the time is very short, the current is quickly released, the ejector rod of the electromagnetic action mechanism pops up and recovers quickly, and the inertial device remains stationary due to inertia, and will not drive the linkage mechanism to close the bypass normally open contact point, so as to ensure the smooth discharge of lightning current; at this time, the signal detector can detect the changes of temperature, magnetic field, infrared, electric power and other signals on the lightning protection component itself or the surge discharge path, so as to analyze the magnitude of lightning current, waveform, etc. information, record the lightning strike time, and send such information to the data unit through the data transmission line, and the data unit is connected to the external equipment through the connecting line and the connecting terminal. The external equipment can be data acquisition equipment, network switching equipment, monitoring equipment, etc.

When the lightning protection component deteriorates and the industrial frequency leakage current reaches a certain value, the surface temperature of the lightning protection component also rises to a certain height. The temperature rise caused by the power frequency leakage current is a slow and gradual process, and the thermal protection device will start. The electrode of the component is disconnected; at this time, the signal detector can detect the action of the thermal protection device, and the signal can be sent to the data unit through the data transmission line, and the data unit is connected to the external device through the connecting line and the connecting terminal. The external device can be Data acquisition equipment, network switching equipment, monitoring equipment, etc.

When the power frequency current flows through the lightning protection element caused by the failure of the power system or other reasons, the electromagnetic action mechanism makes the ejector rod continue to pop up under the action of electromagnetic force, and the ejector rod pushes the cushioning displacement shrapnel, and the inertial device cannot move along the buffering displacement due to inertia The shrapnel rotates in the direction of force, but the short-circuit current does not disappear at this time, and the ejector rod of the electromagnetic action mechanism is still against the buffer displacement shrapnel. After waiting for a delay of milliseconds Δt, the inertial device quickly rotates counterclockwise, driving the linkage mechanism to close the bypass normally open contact At this point, the bypass connected in parallel at both ends of the lightning protection component is connected, and the power frequency short-circuit current will directly reach the overcurrent protection device through the bypass without passing through the lightning protection component, and there is enough time for the overcurrent protection device to be disconnected , so as to separate the lightning protection component that is about to be damaged from the main circuit; at this time, the detector of the overcurrent protection device will detect that the overcurrent protection device has been disconnected, and this signal can be sent to the data unit through the data transmission line, and the data unit passes the connection line Sends a signal to an external device connected to the terminal. The external device may be a data collection device, a network switching device, a monitoring device, and the like.

In the above three processes, the signal detector will send the temperature, magnetic field, infrared, electric power and other signals detected on the lightning protection component or surge discharge path to the data unit through the data transmission line, and the data unit will connect to the data unit through the connection line. The external equipment of the terminal sends signals to know the usage status, service life and event records of the lightning protection components. The external device may be a data collection device, a network switching device, a monitoring device, and the like.

The utility model is characterized in that:

1. This new type of surge protector solves the problem of blind action of thermal protection devices and overcurrent protection devices by adding bypasses connected in parallel at both ends of the lightning protection element. The bypass is composed of a normally open contact and a choke in series. The normally open contact is controlled by a linkage mechanism, an inertial device, and a buffer displacement shrapnel. The buffer displacement shrapnel is controlled by an electromagnetic action mechanism. The magnetic field detection device near the discharge path.

2. The lightning protection components and magnetic field detection device, overcurrent protection device, thermal protection device, current limiter, buffer displacement shrapnel, inertial device, electromagnetic action mechanism, linkage mechanism, normally open contact, signal Detectors, signal transmission lines, overcurrent protection device detectors, data units, connecting wires, and connecting terminals can be integrated into one body and installed in the housing to meet the current capacity, response time and voltage protection of surge protectors for electrical equipment. The requirements of the three indicators of the level enhance the reliability of the equipment, and can also be installed in different shells or packaged in different modules for easy installation and use.

3. This new type of surge protector may not have an overcurrent protection device.

4. The connection terminal of this new surge protector can be connected with external equipment, and the signal detected by the signal detector and overcurrent protection device detector is sent to the external equipment, so that the monitoring personnel can grasp the various states of the surge protector. The external device may be a data collection device, a network switching device, a monitoring device, and the like. The data collection device can collect information of multiple surge protectors, and the network switching device can be connected to multiple data collection devices.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the protection effect of the utility model.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the networking system of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the networking system of the present invention

specific implementation plan

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described:

As shown in the figure, 0 is the push rod, 1 is the first terminal, 2 is the normally open contact, 3 is the bypass, 4 is the current resistor, 5 is the second terminal, 6 is the overcurrent protection device, 7 8 is the buffer displacement shrapnel, 9 is the inertial device, 10 is the data amplification device, 11 is the thermal protection device, 12 is the electromagnetic action mechanism, 13 is the magnetic field detector, 14 is the magnetic field detection device, 15 is the linkage mechanism , 16 is the surge discharge path, 17 is the shell, 18 is the overcurrent protection device detector, 19 is the signal transmission line 2, 20 is the data unit, 21 is the connection line, 22 is the connection terminal, 23 is the signal transmission line 1, 24 25 is a new surge protector, 26 is a connection line 1, 27 is a data line, 28 is a data acquisition device, 29 is a network switching device, 30 is a monitoring device, and 31 is a reset switch.

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present utility model, and the black solid line is the surge discharge path (16), is made up of lightning protection element (7) and overcurrent protection device (6) in series; Striped line is bypass (3), consisting of a normally open contact (2) and a choke (4) in series, the bypass (3) is connected in parallel at both ends of the lightning protection element (7); the thermal protection device (11) is located at the Lightning element (7) on the electrode. The magnetic field detection device (14) is installed near the surge discharge path (16), and is connected with the electromagnetic action mechanism (12); the magnetic field detection device (14) has a built-in magnetic field detector (13) and a data amplification device ( 10), the magnetic field detector (13) is connected with the data amplification device (10), and the data amplification device (10) is connected with the electromagnetic action mechanism (12); the ejector rod (0) of the electromagnetic action mechanism (12) can promote buffering The displacement shrapnel (8); the buffer displacement shrapnel (8) is connected to the inertial device (9); the inertial device (9) controls the action of the normally open contact (2) through the linkage mechanism (15) after rotation. This is that inertial device (9) is an inertial wheel in the embodiment. The inertial wheel will only rotate when it receives continuous force, that is, the instantaneous pop-up and retraction of the ejector rod (0) caused by lightning surge will not drive the inertial wheel to rotate, and the continuous pop-up of the ejector rod (0) caused by continuous power frequency current will push the inertial wheel The wheel rotates, thereby driving the linkage mechanism (15) to close the normally open contact (2). The normally open contact has a reset switch (31) (not shown in this schematic diagram). Among the figure, black dotted lines are signal transmission line 1 (23) and signal transmission line 2 (19) respectively, and described signal detector (24) is installed on the lightning protection element (7) surface, detects the temperature, the magnetic field of lightning protection element (7) , infrared and other signals, the signal detector (24) also detects the action of the thermal protection device (11), and outputs to the data unit (20) through the signal transmission line 1 (23); the overcurrent protection device detector (18 ) are connected in parallel at both ends of the overcurrent protection device (6), detect the state of the overcurrent protection device (6), and output to the data unit (20) through the signal transmission line 2 (19); the data unit (20) has a built-in power supply, It is also possible to obtain power from the outside of the connection terminal (22) through the connection wire (21).

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle corresponding to the first embodiment of Fig. 1, wherein the inertial displacement shrapnel (8) and the linkage mechanism (15) are represented by dotted lines, and the reset switch (31) can control the inertial device (9) to make the normally open contact (2 ) to return to the normally open state.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the second embodiment of the new type surge protector. There is no overcurrent protection device (6) in the surge protector of this embodiment, only including surge discharge path (16), bypass (3) And thermal protection device (11), magnetic field detection device (14), electromagnetic action mechanism (12), elastic displacement shrapnel (8), inertial device (9), linkage mechanism (15), reset switch (31), signal detector (24), signal transmission line (including signal transmission line 1 (23) and signal transmission line 2 (19)), overcurrent protection device detector (18), data unit (20), connection line (21), connection terminal (22) , wherein the inertial displacement shrapnel (8) and the linkage mechanism (15) are represented by dotted lines, and the reset switch (31) can control the inertial device (9) to make the normally open contact (2) return to the normally open state. Because when the surge protector is in use, if there is no built-in overcurrent protection device, then the rear end must be connected in series with the overcurrent protection device. Therefore, the new surge protector described in this embodiment can allow it to The external over-current protection device acts in time to separate the surge protector from the main circuit.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the third embodiment of the new surge protector. In this embodiment, the magnetic field detection device (14), the overcurrent protection device detector (18) and the overcurrent protection device (6) are located in another housing. Wherein the inertial displacement shrapnel (8) and the linkage mechanism (15) are represented by dotted lines, and the reset switch (31) can control the inertial device (9) to make the normally open contact (2) return to the normally open state.

Figures 1 and 2 are lightning protection components (7), magnetic field detection devices (14), overcurrent protection devices (6), thermal protection devices (11), current limiters (4), buffer displacement shrapnel (8), inertial device (9), electromagnetic action mechanism (12), linkage mechanism (15), normally open contact (2), reset switch (31), signal detector (24), signal transmission line (including signal transmission line 1 (23) and Signal transmission line 2 (19)), overcurrent protection device detector (18), data unit (20), connection wire (21), connection terminal (22) can be integrated in one embodiment; Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are anti- Lightning element (7), magnetic field detection device (14), overcurrent protection device (6), thermal protection device (11), current limiter (4), buffer displacement shrapnel (8), inertial device (9), electromagnetic action Mechanism (12), linkage mechanism (15), normally open contact (2), reset switch (31), signal detector (24), signal transmission line (including signal transmission line 1 (23) and signal transmission line 2 (19)) , the overcurrent protection device detector (18), the data unit (20), the connecting wire (21), and the connecting terminal (22) can also be installed in different housings or packaged in different modules and combined together.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the protection effect of the utility model, which divides the power frequency short-circuit current into three parts: the small power frequency current refers to the current range that the thermal protection device can start; the large power frequency short-circuit current refers to the current range that the overcurrent protection device can start Current range; and between the two is the power frequency short-circuit current action blind area of the existing surge protector protection device, referred to as the action blind area.

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the networking system of the present invention, in which connecting line 1 (26) connects several surge protectors (25) of the present invention together and then links to each other with the data acquisition equipment (28), and the data acquisition The device (28) is connected with the monitoring device (30) through a data line (27). The connection line 1 (26) is connected to the connection terminal (22) of the surge protector (25) of the present invention, and the data acquisition device (28) can provide power to the internal data unit (20). The connection line 1 (26) can be a 485 bus or a CAN bus or other line types. The data line (27) can be a network cable, an optical fiber or other line types.

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the networking system of the present invention, in which the network switching device (29) can collect the data of a plurality of data acquisition devices (28) and transmit them to the monitoring device (30) at the same time to form a surge protector (25) intelligent monitoring network.

Utilizing the technical solution of the utility model to achieve corresponding technical effects, or equivalent transformation of the technical solution without departing from the design idea of the utility model, all fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (12)

1. A novel surge protector, comprising a lightning protection element, an overcurrent protection device, a thermal protection device and a casing, the lightning protection element and the overcurrent protection device are connected in series to form a surge discharge path, and the thermal protection device Located on the electrode of the lightning protection component, it is characterized in that: the new surge protector also includes a magnetic field detection device, a current limiter, a buffer displacement shrapnel, an inertial device, an electromagnetic action mechanism, a linkage mechanism, a normally open contact, a signal detector, Signal transmission lines, overcurrent protection device detectors, data units, connecting wires, and connecting terminals; the magnetic field detection device is installed near the surge discharge path and connected to the electromagnetic action mechanism; the electromagnetic action mechanism controls the movement of the buffer displacement shrapnel; The buffer displacement shrapnel is connected to the inertial device; the inertial device controls the action of the normally open contact through the linkage mechanism; the normally open contact and the current limiter are connected in series to form a bypass, and the bypass is connected in parallel at both ends of the lightning protection element; The signal detector is connected to the data unit through a signal transmission line; the overcurrent protection device detector is connected to both ends of the overcurrent protection device in parallel, and connected to the data unit through a signal transmission line; the data unit is connected to the connection terminal through a connection line. 2. A novel surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the novel surge protector may not have an overcurrent protection device. 3. A new type of surge protector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the magnetic field detection device has a built-in magnetic field detector and a data amplification device, the magnetic field detector is connected to the data amplification device, and the data amplification device is connected to the data amplification device Electromagnetic action mechanism connection. 4. A new type of surge protector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, after the normally open contact is closed, it will not open again before the overcurrent protection device is disconnected. 5. A novel surge protector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: said normally open contact has a reset switch. 6. A new type of surge protector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inertial device is an inertia wheel or a weight or a damping gear or an air valve or a delay circuit. 7. A new type of surge protector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: said lightning protection element and magnetic field detection device, overcurrent protection device, thermal protection device, current limiter, buffer displacement shrapnel, Inertial device, electromagnetic action mechanism, linkage mechanism, normally open contact, signal detector, signal transmission line, overcurrent protection device detector, data unit, connection line, and connection terminal can be located in the same shell or installed in different shells Or packaged together in different modules. 8. A new type of surge protector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the current limiter can be one of resistors, inductors, capacitors or a circuit composed of them. 9. A novel surge protector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the overcurrent protection device can be a fuse or a circuit breaker. 10. A new type of surge protector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lightning protection element can be one of piezoresistor, discharge tube, TVS or a combination thereof. 11. A new type of surge protector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the signal detector is installed on or near the electrode surface of the lightning protection element, or near the surge discharge path. 12. A new type of surge protector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the data unit is connected to an external device through a connecting wire or a connecting terminal, and the external device can be a data acquisition device, a network switch equipment, monitoring equipment.