CN204377335U - A kind of Intelligent fine whole ground device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an intelligent fine ground preparation device, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The device includes a sensor control circuit, a deep plowing cutter roller assembly (4) supported on the front side of the frame (1), a finishing cutter roller assembly driven by a hydraulic motor (16) supported on the rear side of the frame (1) ( 17) and the pressing wheel (19), the signal input terminal of the sensing control circuit is connected to the force sensor (26) between the deep tillage knife roller assembly (4) and the finishing knife roller assembly (17), the The control output terminal of the sensor control circuit is connected to the stepping motor (13), and the motion output terminal of the stepping motor (13) is connected to the regulating cylinder (10) in the oil delivery circuit of the hydraulic motor (16) through the transmission mechanism. ), the sensing control circuit contains an intelligent control device that outputs a corresponding control signal for adjusting the opening position of the oil cylinder according to the force sensor (26) signal. The utility model can realize intelligently determining the secondary fine tillage operation strategy, and practically meet the specification requirements of fine soil preparation for vegetables.

Description

An intelligent fine ground preparation device

technical field

The utility model relates to a tillage and land preparation machine, in particular to an intelligent fine land preparation device, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.

Background technique

In the whole process of mechanization of vegetable production, soil preparation is the most basic and one of the most important links. Vegetable production has the highest requirements for soil preparation. The surface soil needs to be finely crushed and loose, the surface should be flat, and the ridges and furrows should be straight, so as to provide good conditions for seed germination or vegetable seedling growth; etc.) has gradually become the key to the application and development of vegetable precision direct seeding technology and high-speed transplanting technology, and is the basis for subsequent mechanized operations.

According to the applicant's knowledge, most of the existing open-field vegetable soil preparation equipment is borrowed from the high-horsepower tractors used in the field to match the rotary tillers. The power of the tractors is generally more than 50 horsepower, and the functions of the operating tools are single. Rotary tillage ridge machine, but the surface fineness, flatness and ridge size of the ridge shape cannot meet the requirements; and most of the solar greenhouses and steel frame greenhouses use micro-tillers (below 9 horsepower) and walking tractors (12-15 Horsepower), the power is too small, the supporting equipment is less, the operation efficiency is low and the quality is poor.

In view of the special requirements for soil preparation of vegetables, the Chinese patent document with application number ZL201420187667.2 discloses a fine soil preparation machine for vegetable cultivation, which drives the transmission of the gearboxes on both sides through the central gearbox, and the gearboxes on both sides are respectively connected to the rotary tiller. The shaft and the crushing shaft drive the two to move at the same time. The transmission ratio of the two shafts is fixed, and the rotating speed of the crushing shaft cannot be adjusted in time for large soil blocks in operation, thus affecting the quality of crushed soil on the ridge-shaped surface; secondly, the internal structure of the gearbox is compact during the movement process, resulting in The heat is very large, and the large shape and volume of the gearbox affect the quality of the ridge-shaped side; at the same time, the pressure roller behind it is passively rotating, and the soil flatness of the ridge-shaped surface after operation is not good.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is: in view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, propose a kind of operation that can not only finish primary plowing, secondary fine plowing, ridge shape arrangement etc. at one time; The intelligent and fine soil preparation device of the secondary fine tillage operation strategy can effectively meet the requirements of the vegetable land preparation standards, and save energy and reduce costs.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the basic technical solution of the intelligent fine land preparation device of the utility model is: including the sensor control circuit, the deep tillage knife roller assembly (4) supported on the front side of the frame (1), the The rear side hydraulic motor (16) drives the finishing cutter roller assembly (17) and the pressing wheel (19), and the signal input terminal of the sensor control circuit is located at the deep plowing cutter roller assembly (4) and the finishing cutter roller The force sensor (26) between the assembly (17), the control output end of the sensor control circuit is connected to the stepper motor (13), and the motion output end of the stepper motor (13) is connected to the The adjusting cylinder (10) in the oil delivery circuit of the hydraulic motor (16), the sensing control circuit includes an intelligent control device that outputs a control signal for adjusting the opening position of the oil cylinder according to the signal of the force sensor (26).

When the device of the present utility model moves forward, the plowing knife roller assembly (4) rotates and cuts the soil, so that the soil on the ground is thrown up, and makes a parabolic motion backward to hit the force sensor, so that the force sensing signal is transmitted to the intelligent control device. When the volume of the soil is large and the pressure signal value is large, the sensor control circuit outputs the signal of the stepping motor to rotate clockwise, and the stepping motor increases the oil discharge volume of the regulating cylinder through the transmission mechanism to increase the oil intake volume of the hydraulic motor 1. The purpose of increasing the rotating speed of the finishing cutter roller assembly (17), thereby correspondingly increasing the frequency of cutting the broken soil by the soil-breaking blade, realizing intelligently determining the secondary fine tillage operation strategy, and effectively meeting the requirements of the vegetable land preparation specification.

Furthermore, the movement direction of the deep tillage transmission shaft (4-2) is opposite to that of the finishing transmission shaft (17-2).

Further, the front side of the frame (1) has a three-point suspension support frame (5) for hooking to the walking power device, and the upper end of the three-point suspension support frame (5) is hinged with the long screw rod (6 ) form the long nut of the spiral pair, the lower end of the long screw (6) is hinged with the short screw (7) to form the short nut of the spiral pair, the lower end of the short screw (7) is connected with the fork-shaped bilateral support frame ( 8) Connect and hinge with frame 1.

Further, square support blocks (4-3) are fixed at intervals on the deep tillage drive shaft (4-2) of the deep tillage blade roller assembly (4), and a pair of opposite corners of the square support blocks (4-3) are respectively The deep tillage knife (4-1) is fixed, the radial projection of the deep tillage knife (4-1) is in the shape of a radially extending arc, and the outer end of the axial projection forms a hook.

Further, the finishing drive shafts (17-2) at both ends of the finishing knife roller assembly (17) support the hollow roller (17-3) in the middle, and the outer circle of the hollow roller (17-3) is axially spaced Distribute the broken soil blade (17-1) that is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

Further, the section of the soil breaking blade (17-1) is one of arch, rectangle, shuttle or trapezoid.

Further, the pressing wheel (19) is a concave roller with two large ends and a thin center, which is coaxial with the driven wheel (18-2) in the magnetic gear part (18), and the driving wheel in the magnetic gear part (18) Wheel (18-1) is fixedly connected with the finishing transmission shaft (17-2) of adjacent pressing wheel (19).

Further, the driving wheel (18-1) has two pairs of magnetic poles staggered along the circumferential direction, and the driven wheel (18-2) has four pairs of magnetic poles staggered along the circumferential direction. The driving wheel and the driven wheel The installation gap is less than 5 cm.

Further, the motion output end of the stepping motor (13) is connected to the pin plate (11) of the regulating oil cylinder (10) in the oil delivery circuit of the hydraulic motor (16) through a rack and pinion transmission mechanism.

Further, it also includes a soil supporter (23), a left cover (25), a right cover (21) and an upper cover (22), the soil supporter (23) is installed on the front end of the frame (1), the The left cover (25) and the right cover (21) are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the frame (1), and the upper cover (22) is installed on the upper surface of the frame (1); the left cover (25) and the rear end of the right cover plate (21) are respectively welded with a polygonal ridging plate (24).

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the utility model.

FIG. 2 is a side rotated view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the finishing cutter roller assembly in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the deep tillage blade roller assembly in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG. 4 .

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the magnetic gear part in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the sensing control circuit in the embodiment of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 8 is a flow chart of intelligent fine soil preparation control in the embodiment of Fig. 1 .

In the figure, 1-frame, 2-gearbox, 3-chain transmission components, 4-deep cultivator roller assembly, 5-three-point suspension support frame, 6-long screw, 7-short screw, 8-double-side support Frame, 9-oil inlet pipe, 10-adjusting oil cylinder, 11-bolt plate, 12-rack and pinion transmission mechanism, 13-stepping motor, 14-PLC, 15-middle oil pipe, 16-hydraulic motor, 17-finishing knife Roller assembly, 18-magnetic gear parts, 19-suppression wheel, 20-oil return pipe, 21-right cover plate, 22-upper cover plate, 23-dozer, 24-ribbing plate, 25-left cover plate, 26 - force sensor.

Detailed ways

The intelligent fine ground preparation device of the present embodiment is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, and the front side of frame 1 has conventional three-point suspension support frame 5, is used to be hooked on the walking power device such as tractor, and three-point suspension supports The upper end of frame 5 is hinged with long screw rod 6 to form the long nut of spiral pair, and the lower end of this long screw rod 6 is hinged with short screw rod 7 to form the short nut of spiral pair. The lower end of the short screw rod 7 is connected with a fork-shaped bilateral support frame 8 and is hinged with the frame 1 . Therefore, the height and inclination angle of the bilateral support frame 8 can be adjusted as required by manipulating the long screw rod and the short screw rod respectively. The front side of the frame 1 supports the deep plowing cutter roller assembly 4 , and the rear side supports the finishing cutter roller assembly 17 driven by the hydraulic motor 16 and the pressing wheel 19 .

The structure of the deep tillage knife roller assembly 4 is shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. The deep tillage transmission shaft 4-2 driven by the chain transmission part 3 is fixed with square support blocks 4-3 at intervals, and a pair of diagonal support blocks of each square support block The deep tillage blade 4-1 is respectively fixed, the radial projection of the deep tillage blade 4-1 is in the shape of a radially extending arc, and the outer end of the axial projection forms a hook.

The structure of the finishing knife roller assembly 17 is shown in Figure 3. The finishing drive shaft 17-2 at both ends supports the hollow roller 17-3 in the middle, and the outer circle of the hollow roller 17-3 is axially spaced and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. Soil blade 17-1, the section of broken soil blade 17-1 can be arched, rectangular, shuttle-shaped or trapezoidal. Deep plowing drive shaft 4-2 is opposite to the direction of motion of finishing drive shaft 17-2.

The pressing wheel 19 is a concave roller with two large ends and a thin center, coaxial with the driven wheel 18-2 in the magnetic gear part 18 shown in Figure 6, and the driving wheel 18-1 in the magnetic gear part 18 is adjacent to the pressing wheel 18-1. The finishing transmission shaft 17-2 of wheel 19 is fixedly connected. The driving wheel 18-1 has two pairs of magnetic poles staggered along the circumferential direction, and the driven wheel 18-2 has four pairs of magnetic poles staggered along the circumferential direction, and the installation gap between the two is less than 5 cm. The two ends of the pressing wheel 19 and the finishing transmission shaft 17-2 are respectively supported on both sides of the fork-shaped bilateral support frame 8.

The intelligent fine land preparation device of this embodiment contains a sensor control circuit, as shown in Figure 7, the signal input terminal of the intelligent control device PLC wherein is located in the axial direction between the deep tillage knife roller assembly 4 and the finishing knife roller assembly 17. A group of six force sensors 26 distributed at intervals (represented by travel switches in FIG. 7 ), the control output end of the sensor control circuit is connected to the stepper motor 13 through the motor drive circuit.

The motion output end of the stepping motor 13 is connected to the pin plate 11 of the regulating oil cylinder 10 located in the oil delivery circuit of the hydraulic motor 16 through the rack and pinion transmission mechanism. When working, the PLC can control the stepping motor according to the signal of the force sensor to make it Drive the pin piece to move through the rack and pinion transmission mechanism, change and adjust the oil output of the oil cylinder, thereby adjusting the oil volume of the hydraulic motor, and correspondingly change the number of times the finishing cutter roller assembly 17 crushes the soil to cut the soil, and realizes intelligently determining two The sub-intensive tillage operation strategy can effectively meet the requirements of the vegetable land preparation standard.

More specifically, from the perspective of component decomposition, the intelligent fine land preparation device of this embodiment mainly includes a frame 1, a deep plowing device, an oil quantity control system, a finishing device and a suppression device.

The deep tillage device includes a gearbox 2 fixedly installed on a frame 1 , a chain transmission component 3 and a deep tillage blade roller assembly 4 . The gearbox 2 transmits the power to the driving sprocket of the chain transmission part 3 through the transmission shaft, and the power is finally output to the deep cultivating knife roller assembly 4 after the chain transmission.

The oil quantity control system includes an oil inlet pipe 9, an adjustment oil cylinder 10, a pin plate 11, a rack and pinion transmission mechanism 12, a stepper motor 13, a PLC (sensing control circuit) 14, and a middle oil pipe 15. One end of the oil inlet pipe 9 is connected to the hydraulic pump, and the other end is connected to the front end of the adjustment oil cylinder 10; the left end surface of the adjustment oil cylinder 10 has a long and thin hole, and the bolt piece 11 is embedded in the adjustment oil cylinder 10, and the bolt piece 11 is connected with the gear teeth. The racks in the rack transmission mechanism 12 are fixedly connected together; there is a slide rail below the rack, and the slide rail is fixed on the frame; a gear meshing with it is arranged above the rack, and the power of the gear is provided by a rack placed at the same level as the rack. Stepping motor 13 provides; Stepping motor 13 and PLC14 are connected by wire; The other end of PLC14 is connected with six groups of force sensors respectively by wires, and six groups of force sensors are all fixed on the bottom of frame 1, and are evenly installed, and the direction is perpendicular to ground; the rear end face of the adjustment oil cylinder is connected with a middle road oil pipe 15 .

The finishing device includes a hydraulic motor 16 , a finishing cutter roller assembly 17 , and an oil return pipe 20 . The hydraulic motor 16 is fixedly installed on the left side of the frame 1; the hydraulic motor 16 controls the rotation direction and speed adjustment of the finishing cutter roller assembly 17; one end of the oil return pipe 20 is connected to the hydraulic motor 16, and the other end is connected to the hydraulic pump .

The suppressing device includes a magnetic gear part 18, a double-side support frame 8, and a suppressing wheel 19. One end of the magnetic gear part 18 is connected with the finishing transmission shaft 17-2 in the finishing cutter roller assembly 17, and the other end is connected with the central transmission shaft of the pressing wheel 19; At the outermost end of the center transmission shaft of the finishing transmission shaft 17-2 and the pressing wheel 19; the pressing wheel 19 is a concave hollow cylindrical structure with a large center at two ends.

The working height position of pressing wheel 19 is regulated by short screw rod 7. The bottom of the short screw rod 7 is fixedly installed on the double-side support frame 8, and the installation position is perpendicular to the double-side support frame 8; the middle part is hinged to the long screw rod 6;

In addition, the intelligent fine land preparation device of this embodiment also includes a soil supporter 23 , a left cover 25 , a right cover 21 and an upper cover 22 . The soil supporter 23 is installed on the front end of the frame 1, the left cover plate 25 and the right cover plate 21 are fixedly installed on both sides of the frame 1 respectively, and the upper cover plate 22 is installed on the upper surface of the frame 1, and the three cover plates form opposite sides. Closed environment to prevent tilled soil from escaping and affecting the compactness of the ridge. Ridging plates 24 are respectively welded to the rear end tails of the left cover plate 25 and the right cover plate 21 . Ridging plate 24 is a polygonal plate, and left and right two ridged plates 24 just in time can move the crushed soil after plowing to the inner side of pressing wheel 19, to facilitate the arrangement and compaction of ridge shape. The three-point suspension support frame 5 is connected with the three-point suspension mechanism of the four-wheel tractor, and is pulled forward by the four-wheel tractor.

The control process mainly realized by the sensor control circuit is shown in Figure 8, which specifically includes the following steps:

a) Start the four-wheel tractor, transmit the power to the gearbox 2 through the universal joint, and then the gearbox 2 transmits the power to the chain transmission part 3, and finally make the deep cultivating knife roller assembly 4 work, and multiple sets of deep cultivating knives 4-1 With the rotary motion of the deep plowing transmission shaft 4-2, the soil is cut at the same time, so that the soil on the ground is thrown up and moves backward in a parabola;

b) Start the hydraulic oil pump, and the hydraulic oil will enter the regulating oil cylinder 10 through the oil inlet pipe 9. At this time, the right end of the pin plate 11 is located in the middle of the regulating oil cylinder 10, so that the hydraulic oil can only flow out from the right half of the regulating oil cylinder 10, and then pass through the middle The oil pipe 15 transmits the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic motor 16, thereby driving the finishing cutter roller assembly 17 to move. When the finishing cutter roller assembly 17 moves, it will drive the driving wheel 18-1 of the magnetic gear part 18 to move, and at the same time the Drive the driven wheel 18-2 to rotate in the opposite direction, thereby driving the pressing wheel 19 to move together;

c) When the soil cut by multiple sets of plowing blades 4-1 on the deep plowing drive shaft 4-2 is thrown behind, the chopped soil will hit the six sets of force sensors 26 arranged under the frame 1, and then will detect The received six groups of pressure signals are transmitted to PLC14 and compared with the preset parameters. When the volume of the soil is large and the pressure signal value exceeds the preset value, PLC14 will start the program to control the stepper motor 13 to rotate clockwise. At this time It will drive the rack and pinion transmission mechanism 12 to move, and the corresponding rack will move to the left, thereby driving the pin plate 11 to move to the left. oil intake, thereby improving the rotating speed of the finishing drive shaft 17-2, and correspondingly improving the number of times the broken soil blade 17-1 cuts the broken soil;

d) After the finishing transmission shaft 17-2 rotates at a continuous speed for 20 seconds, the program of PLC14 will control the stepper motor 13 to rotate counterclockwise, and through the power transmission of the rack and pinion transmission mechanism 12, the pin plate 11 will be adjusted in the oil cylinder Return to position within 10, wait for the detection and judgment of the next pressure signal, repeat the cycle control in this way, and finally complete the fine soil preparation process.

To sum up, the present embodiment mainly has the following advantages:

1) Six sets of force sensors and PLC can monitor the size of the soil block after the initial tillage in real time, and can intelligently adjust the speed of the finishing drive shaft to increase the number of chopping of large soil blocks, so that the surface soil can truly meet the requirements of fine crushing;

2) The rotation speed of the finishing transmission shaft can be adjusted in real time through hydraulic components. When a large soil gap is detected, the rotation speed will be accelerated, and the original rotation speed will be restored after 20 seconds of high-speed rotation, which not only achieves the goal of precise control and intelligent fine farming, but also saves energy the effect of this;

3) The pressing wheel adopts the active rotation mode, which is powered by the magnetic gear parts, and its suppression effect is obviously stronger than that of the passive rotating mode of the pressing wheel, and the ridge-shaped surface after finishing is smoother; in addition, its height can be adjusted by a short screw , can meet the requirements of multi-size ridge shape, one machine with multiple functions and strong adaptability;

4) The space occupied by the chain transmission parts is small, and the heat dissipation is good, which enhances the service efficiency and life of the whole machine;

5) The blade of the deep tiller is longer than that of the general rotary tiller, which can cut more soil, provide the foundation for the secondary crushing operation, provide more soil accumulation, and at the same time meet the needs of the deep soil of the vegetable field with strong permeability agronomic requirements.

In addition to the above embodiments, the utility model can also have other implementations. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. An intelligent and fine land preparation device, characterized in that: it includes a sensor control circuit, a deep plowing knife roller assembly (4) supported on the front side of the frame (1), a hydraulic motor supported on the rear side of the frame (1) ( 16) The driven finishing knife roller assembly (17) and the pressing wheel (19), the signal input terminal of the sensor control circuit is located at the deep plowing knife roller assembly (4) and the finishing knife roller assembly (17) Between the force sensor (26), the control output terminal of the sensing control circuit is connected to the stepper motor (13), and the motion output terminal of the stepper motor (13) is connected to the hydraulic motor (16) through the transmission mechanism. ) the adjusting oil cylinder (10) in the oil delivery oil circuit, and the sensing control circuit contains an intelligent control device that outputs a control signal for adjusting the opening position of the oil cylinder according to the signal of the force sensor (26). 2. The intelligent fine land preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the deep-cultivation transmission shaft (4-2) of the deep-cultivation blade roller is opposite to the movement direction of the finishing transmission shaft (17-2). 3. The intelligent fine ground preparation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the front side of the frame (1) has a three-point suspension support frame (5) for being hooked to the walking power device, The upper end of the three-point suspension support frame (5) is hinged with the long screw rod (6) to form the long nut of the spiral pair, and the lower end of the long screw rod (6) is hinged with the short screw rod (7) to form the short nut of the spiral pair. The lower end of the short screw rod (7) is connected with the fork-shaped bilateral support frame (8) and is hinged with the frame 1. 4. The intelligent fine land preparation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the deep tillage drive shaft (4-2) of the deep tillage knife roller assembly (4) is fixed with square support blocks (4-3) at intervals, A pair of opposite corners of the square support block (4-3) respectively fix the deep tillage knife (4-1), the radial projection of the deep tillage knife (4-1) is a circular arc extending radially, and the axial projection The outer end forms a hook. 5. The intelligent fine land preparation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the finishing drive shafts (17-2) at both ends of the finishing cutter roller assembly (17) support the hollow roller (17-3) in the middle , the outer circle of the hollow roller (17-3) is axially spaced with soil-breaking blades (17-1) evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. 6. The intelligent fine ground preparation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the section of the soil breaking blade (17-1) is one of arch, rectangle, shuttle or trapezoid. 7. The intelligent fine ground preparation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the pressing wheel (19) is a concave roller with two large ends and a thin center, and the driven wheel (18- 2) coaxial, the driving wheel (18-1) in the magnetic gear part (18) is fixedly connected with the finishing transmission shaft (17-2) of the adjacent pressing wheel (19). 8. The intelligent fine land preparation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the driving wheel (18-1) is provided with two pairs of magnetic poles staggered along the circumferential direction, and the driven wheel (18-2) is arranged along the circumferential direction Four pairs of magnetic poles are staggeredly installed on the top, and the installation gap between the driving wheel and the driven wheel is less than 5 centimeters. 9. The intelligent fine land preparation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: the motion output end of the stepping motor (13) is connected to the adjustment unit located in the oil delivery circuit of the hydraulic motor (16) through a rack and pinion transmission mechanism. The latch plate (11) of the oil cylinder (10). 10. The intelligent fine land preparation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: it also includes a supporter (23), a left cover (25), a right cover (21) and an upper cover (22), the supporter Earthenware (23) is installed on the front end of frame (1), and described left cover plate (25) and right cover plate (21) are respectively fixedly installed in the both sides of frame (1), and described upper cover plate (22) It is installed on the upper surface of the frame (1); the rear ends of the left cover plate (25) and the right cover plate (21) are respectively welded with polygonal ridging plates (24).