CN204345615U - Biomass chain boiler row boiler heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a heating system for a biomass chain grate boiler, which comprises a chain grate boiler, a bucket elevator, a storage bin, a distributor, a belt conveyor, a screw conveyor, a feed bin in front of the furnace, and a chain furnace. The air preheater of the row boiler is connected to the ceramic multi-tube cyclone dust collector and the bag filter. The heating system takes the chain grate boiler as the main body, adapts to the combustion needs of biomass briquette fuel, reduces the temperature in the intense combustion range, and selects a high-speed adjustable speed reducer, which can better adjust to a suitable fire. The bed speed lengthens the intense combustion range, eases the combustion speed of biomass briquettes, matches the combustion oxygen supply and oxygen demand, makes the combustion stable and complete, and reduces the generation of smoke and dust.

Description

Biomass Chain Grate Boiler Heating System

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of boilers, in particular to a heating system for a chain grate boiler burning biomass fuel.

Background technique

At this stage and into the future, air pollution will always exist, threatening the survival of human beings at all times. The main source of pollution is the excessive burning of traditional fossil fuels, such as coal. A large amount of nitrogen oxides, sulfides and fine particles produced by its combustion are emitted into the atmosphere, forming smog. Therefore, switching to renewable clean new energy is an inevitable choice.

The biomass boiler burns biomass briquette fuel, which not only achieves zero carbon emissions, but also emits very low harmful substances and very little SO ₂ emissions. However, due to the high nitrogen and ash content of biomass briquette fuel, it leads to emissions after combustion It is difficult to meet the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements for NO _X emissions and smoke and dust emissions in flue gas. Therefore, the effect of low-nitrogen combustion and dust removal is related to the popularization and application of biomass boilers.

Utility model content

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a high-efficiency, low-emission biomass chain grate boiler combustion heating system.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a biomass chain grate boiler heating system, including chain grate boiler, bucket elevator, storage bin, distributor, belt conveyor, screw conveyor machine, the feed bin in front of the furnace, the biomass chain grate boiler, including the furnace wall, the furnace surrounded by the furnace wall, the pot shell placed on the furnace, the water pipe assembly connected to the pot shell, and the horizontally installed and installed inside of the pot shell The threaded smoke pipe on the bow-shaped tube plate, the front smoke box connected to the entrance of the threaded smoke pipe, the rear smoke box connected to the outlet of the threaded smoke pipe, the economizer and the air preheater connected to the rear smoke box, below the furnace A chain grate is arranged; a feed inlet is arranged on the front furnace wall at the front part of the chain grate, a slag outlet is arranged on the rear furnace wall at the rear of the chain grate; a primary tuyere is arranged on the rear furnace wall at the tail of the chain grate, Several secondary air outlets are opened on the side furnace wall of the boiler at the front of the chain grate; the flue gas outlet of the rear smoke box is connected to the economizer and the air preheater; the air preheater is connected to the ceramic multi-tube cyclone dust collector and bag filter.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model uses the chain grate boiler as the main body, and changes the grate structure to a chain grate. The chain grate is driven by the front driving wheel and the rear roller to drive the grate from the front of the furnace to the rear. , and then turn around the roller at the back, turn down, and make a circular motion from the rear of the furnace to the front of the furnace, so that the grate grate will not be placed in the high-temperature burning area for a long time; and the chain grate is single-sided, which can adapt to the biomass fuel. Combustion needs, reduce the temperature in the intense combustion zone, and choose a higher speed adjustable speed reducer, which can better adjust to the appropriate fire bed speed, so that the intense combustion zone is elongated, and the combustion of biomass briquette fuel is eased The speed matches the combustion oxygen supply and oxygen demand, the combustion is stable and complete, and the generation of smoke and dust is reduced, so that the combustion temperature of most areas in the furnace is between 850 and 1000 ° C, which means that the combustion temperature on the grate is reduced. In this way, not only It can greatly reduce the damage of the grate piece, and can also suppress the generation of NOx. This is the easiest way to reduce NOx emissions. Generally, the emission concentration of NOx can be further reduced by 15-20% or more, prolonging the service life of the grate. The thermal efficiency of the boiler heating system is above 92%, and the SO ₂ and NO _X emissions are dedusted by the bag filter to meet the boiler air pollutant emission requirements.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a biomass chain grate boiler heating system.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass chain grate boiler.

FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2 .

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, the biomass chain grate boiler heating system includes bucket elevator 1, storage bin 2, distributor 3, belt conveyor 4, screw conveyor 10, front feed bin 5, and chain furnace Boiler row 6, cyclone dust collector 7, bag filter 8 and induced draft fan 9.

As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the biomass chain grate boiler has a single-pot vertical water-fire tube shell structure, which is composed of a furnace wall 61, a furnace 612 surrounded by the furnace wall, a water pipe assembly connected to the boiler shell 64, and the furnace 612 The pot shell 64 set on the top, the chain grate 614 set on the bottom of the furnace 615, the threaded smoke pipe 65 installed horizontally inside the pot shell 64 and installed on the arcuate tube plate 66, and the front smoke box connected to the entrance of the threaded smoke pipe 65 63. The rear smoke box 67 connected to the outlet of the threaded smoke pipe 65, the economizer 68 connected to the rear smoke box 67, and the air preheater 69 are composed. A settling chamber 62 is arranged below the front smoke box 63 . A feed inlet 615 is provided on the front furnace wall at the front of the chain grate 615 , and a slag outlet 611 is provided on the rear furnace wall at the rear of the chain grate 615 . The rear furnace wall at the tail of the chain grate 615 is provided with a primary tuyere 610, and the boiler side furnace wall at the front of the chain grate 615 is provided with several secondary tuyeres 613. The pot shell 64 is connected to the water wall pipe 616, and the water wall pipe 616 is connected to the header 617 after being collected.

The bow-shaped tube plate and the threaded smoke tube form the drum, which makes the drum change from a quasi-rigid body to a quasi-elastic structure, cancels the braces in the tube plate area, and reduces the stress. The smoke tube in the tube sheet is changed from two returns to a single return, which solves the problem of cracks in the tube sheet. Due to the arrangement of ascending tubes in the lower part of the drum, the dead water area at the bottom of the drum is eliminated, the sludge is not easy to deposit, the high temperature area of the drum can be well cooled, and the bulging of the lower part of the drum is prevented. The high-efficiency heat transfer threaded flue tube is used to obtain enhanced heat transfer effect, achieve the characteristics of boiler temperature rise and pressure rise quickly, and improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler. The threaded smoke tube is used to enhance heat transfer, which improves the heat transfer coefficient and thermal efficiency, because the flue gas has a disturbing effect in the tube. It is not easy to accumulate dust in the smoke pipe, which plays the role of self-cleaning. The eight-character wall in the furnace and the exit chimney have a certain effect of dust reduction. The original dust concentration of the boiler is controlled below the standard, which ensures that the smoke and dust emission of the boiler meets the national environmental protection regulations. The front furnace wall and the rear furnace wall are composed of heat insulation layer and insulation layer. The heat insulation layer is made of clay and high alumina dense refractory castables, which can reduce the heat transfer inside the boiler and play the role of heat insulation. The insulation layer of the front wall adopts 80mm aluminum silicate fiber felt to ensure that the temperature of the outer surface of the front wall does not exceed 50°C. The side furnace wall 18 is composed of heat insulation layer, middle layer and insulation layer. The heat insulation layer is made of high-alumina heat-insulation refractory bricks to reduce the heat transfer inside the boiler. The middle layer is made of refractory bricks, and the heat preservation layer is made of 150mm aluminum silicate Fiber felt, to ensure that the outer surface of the side wall does not exceed 50 °C.

The working process of the biomass chain grate boiler heating system is: after the finished biomass fuel is unloaded, the bucket elevator 1 lifts the biomass fuel to the distributor 3, and the distributor 3 distributes it to the boiler according to the production consumption, while Surplus then loads in storage bin 2 and stores for subsequent use. During the boiler production process, if the amount of supply and consumption is not enough, the material will be discharged from the storage bin 2, conveyed to the bucket elevator 1 by the screw conveyor 10, and then discharged to the belt conveyor 4 through the distributor 3, and then enters the feed bin in front of the furnace. 5, into the biomass chain grate boiler 6. The water and fire tubes of the biomass chain grate boiler adopt a three-pass arrangement. After the biomass fuel is fully burned in the furnace, the flue gas generated washes the water wall tubes from front to back, and then flows through the upper "eight" flues on both sides to the The front smoke box 63 flows into the rear smoke box 67 through the smoke pipe from the front smoke box 63, enters the convection flue, passes through the economizer 65 and the air preheater 66, and is sent to the chimney by the induced draft fan 9 for discharge. The water in the boiler is pressurized by the water pump and sent into the boiler shell 64 and the water pipe assembly, so that the water and the flue gas undergo a thermal posture to continuously absorb the heat generated by the fuel combustion, and become high-quality industrial steam at a certain pressure and send it to the user.

The cyclone dust collector adopts high-efficiency ceramic multi-tube dust collector, which is composed of several parallel ceramic cyclone dust collector units (also known as ceramic cyclone body). Smooth, acid and alkali resistant, suitable for capturing non-cohesive dry dust of biomass chain grate boilers.

Claims (1)

1. A heating system for a biomass chain grate boiler, including a chain grate boiler, a bucket elevator, a storage bin, a distributor, a belt conveyor, a screw conveyor, and a front feed bin, It is characterized in that: the biomass chain grate boiler includes a furnace wall, a furnace surrounded by the furnace wall, a pot shell placed on the furnace, a water pipe assembly connected to the pot shell, and a horizontally arranged inside of the pot shell and installed on an arcuate tube The threaded smoke pipe on the board, the front smoke box connected to the entrance of the threaded smoke pipe, the rear smoke box connected to the outlet of the threaded smoke pipe, the economizer and the air preheater connected to the rear smoke box, and a chain furnace is set under the furnace Row; The front furnace wall at the front of the chain grate is provided with a feed inlet, and the rear furnace wall at the rear of the chain grate is provided with a slag outlet; A number of secondary air outlets are opened on the side wall of the boiler; The flue gas outlet of the rear smoke box is connected to an economizer and an air preheater; The air preheater is connected with a ceramic multi-pipe cyclone dust collector and a bag dust collector.