CN204145410U - Photovoltaic and photothermal building integration system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a photovoltaic photothermal building integration system. It includes photovoltaic photothermal modules, hot water pipes, cold water pipes, flat heat exchangers, water tanks, DC circulating water pumps, batteries, inverter controllers and auxiliary heating equipment, in which the flat heat exchangers pass through hot water pipes and cold water pipes It is connected with the photovoltaic photothermal module, the water tank is connected with the flat heat exchanger and the water tank is connected with the flat heat exchanger through the DC circulating water pump, and the photovoltaic photothermal module is connected with the DC circulating water pump through the battery and the inverter controller. The utility model can greatly reduce building energy consumption and finally realize zero energy consumption (or close to zero energy consumption), reduce the consumption of building fossil fuels, increase the utilization rate of renewable energy (solar energy), and reduce the carbon emission of buildings. The utility model is a photovoltaic photothermal building integrated system that greatly improves thermal conductivity, has better heat transfer effect, can reduce system cost, and improves heat transfer efficiency.

Description

Photovoltaic building integrated system

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of new energy and building energy saving, in particular to a building integration system of photovoltaic light and heat. It belongs to the innovative technology of building integrated photovoltaic system.

Background technique

As an important sustainable energy, solar energy has unlimited reserves, clean and pollution-free. Effective use of solar energy to realize building power supply and heating can achieve the goals of energy saving, material saving and resource saving, and at the same time, it has very important practical significance for realizing the goals of energy saving, emission reduction and development and utilization of sustainable energy at home and abroad. In the process of solar energy and building integration, the solar photovoltaic photothermal building integrated system formed, its solar photovoltaic cell components can not only be used as energy equipment, but also as roof or wall materials, which not only saves power supply, but also saves building materials; Photothermal components can not only reduce the temperature of photovoltaic cells and improve photoelectric efficiency, but also produce hot water. Therefore, the combination of solar photovoltaic photothermal technology and buildings has good economic benefits and application prospects.

Photovoltaic-thermal building-integrated systems have two types: flat-panel and concentrating. The flat-panel type has a simple structure, can be processed and modified on the basis of ordinary collectors, and is easy to combine with buildings, so it is widely studied. Photovoltaic building integrated systems can also be divided into types with and without cover plates. The type without cover plate has higher battery efficiency, but the fluid outlet temperature is not high; the type with cover plate has higher thermal efficiency and fluid flow. The outlet temperature, but the cover plate will reduce the transmittance of incident light and reduce the efficiency of the cell. According to different cooling fluids, BIPV systems can also be divided into water-cooled, air-cooled, and heat pipe-type. The air-cooled type has the advantages of no freezing in winter, no corrosion, no pressure requirements, and low cost. Its heat transfer effect is much lower than that of the water-cooled type, and the efficiency of the water-cooled type is higher than that of the air-cooled type. The heat pipe type has high thermal conductivity and good isothermal performance. The heat transfer area on both sides of the cold and hot sides can be changed arbitrarily, which can realize long-distance heat transfer Moreover, the temperature is controllable, which not only ensures a stable, continuous, and uniform temperature of the photovoltaic cells, but also adjusts the operating temperature of the photovoltaic cells at any time to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

However, the heat pipe system has problems such as start-up characteristics (especially start-up in cold environment and low temperature) and cost, which to a certain extent affects its development and promotion in the field of solar energy utilization. In order to overcome the problems of the heat pipe type system, people in the industry have introduced phase change materials with good heat storage capacity. Phase change materials have the advantages of high heat storage density, small volume of heat storage container, high thermal efficiency, constant heat absorption and release temperature, etc., but also have the disadvantage of low thermal conductivity.

Utility model content

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a building-integrated photovoltaic photothermal system with greatly improved thermal conductivity, better heat transfer effect, lower system cost and improved heat transfer efficiency. The utility model is reasonable in design, convenient and practical.

The technical solution of the present utility model is: the photovoltaic photothermal building integrated system of the present utility model includes photovoltaic photothermal modules, hot water pipes, cold water pipes, flat heat exchangers, water tanks, DC circulating water pumps, batteries, inverters Controller and auxiliary heating equipment, in which the plate heat exchanger is connected to the photovoltaic photothermal module through hot water pipes and cold water pipes, the water tank is connected to the plate heat exchanger and the water tank is connected to the plate heat exchanger through a DC circulating water pump, and the photovoltaic The photothermal module is connected to the DC circulating water pump through the battery and the inverter controller; the photovoltaic photothermal module includes a glass cover plate, a photovoltaic cell, a U-shaped fin, a porous composite material, a heat transfer device and an insulation material, among which the porous composite material Placed in the insulation material, the U-shaped fins are installed in the porous composite material, the heat transfer device is installed in the U-shaped fins, the capillary core storing the working fluid is installed in the heat transfer device, and the photovoltaic cell is installed in the On the outside of the heat transfer device, the glass cover plate is installed on the outside of the photovoltaic cell.

The photovoltaic photothermal building integrated system of the present utility model adopts photovoltaic photothermal modules with heat conduction and heat storage functions, and adds metal scraps with high thermal conductivity to the phase change materials to make porous composite materials, which can not only improve the thermal conductivity of the phase change materials, It greatly improves its thermal conductivity and has better heat transfer effect in the energy storage process. It can also reduce the number of heat transfer devices, reduce system costs, realize waste reuse, and at the same time make the heat transfer devices operate efficiently at low temperatures and improve heat transfer efficiency. Compared with the traditional solar energy system in the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:

(1) The photovoltaic photothermal building integrated system of this utility model can be laid on the outer surface of ordinary building walls (or balconies) or replace ordinary building outer walls (or balconies). Porous composite materials and photovoltaic photothermal modules with heat conduction and thermal storage functions are applied. This system not only has the characteristics of low cost, waste recycling, and easy installation, but also effectively utilizes the outer surface of the building without requiring additional land or other facilities; saving Exterior materials, more beautiful appearance; relieve power demand; reduce summer air-conditioning load, improve indoor wind and heat environment, etc.; more heat transfer, low thermal resistance, high efficiency, low energy consumption, long transmission distance, flexible structure, Features such as wide range of applications.

(2) The porous composite material of the utility model can obtain improved heat conduction and storage capacity, reduced heat exchange resistance coefficient, improved heat conductivity coefficient and increased heat storage capacity. This can effectively improve the efficiency of the integrated photovoltaic thermal building system, greatly reduce the complexity and cost of the system structure, and at the same time realize the reuse of waste.

(3) In the utility model, the photovoltaic photothermal module is manufactured and installed in a prefabricated manner, which can shorten the construction time and simplify the installation steps.

The utility model is a photovoltaic, photothermal and building integrated system with ingenious design, excellent performance, convenience and practicality.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the utility model photovoltaic photothermal building integrated system;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic photothermal module of the present invention

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail.

Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic diagram of the present utility model, and the integrated photovoltaic thermal building system of the present utility model includes photovoltaic photovoltaic module 1, hot water pipeline 2, cold water pipeline 3, plate heat exchanger 4, water tank 5, DC circulating water pump 6, storage battery 7, inverter controller 8 and auxiliary heating equipment 18, wherein the flat plate heat exchanger 4 is connected to the photovoltaic photothermal module 1 through the hot water pipe 2 and the cold water pipe 3, and the water tank 5 exchanges heat with the flat plate The water tank 5 is connected to the flat plate heat exchanger 4 through the DC circulating water pump 6 , and the photovoltaic photothermal module 1 is connected to the DC circulating water pump 6 through the battery 7 and the inverter controller 8 .

In this embodiment, the above-mentioned water tank 5 is also provided with an auxiliary heating device 18 . The water tank 5 is provided with a cold water inlet 9 and a hot water outlet 10 . The above-mentioned photovoltaic photothermal module 1 is connected to household appliances through a battery 7 and an inverter controller 8 .

In this embodiment, a schematic structural diagram of the above-mentioned photovoltaic photothermal module 1 is shown in FIG. 2 . It includes a glass cover plate 11, a photovoltaic cell 12, U-shaped fins 13, a porous composite material 14, a heat transfer device 15 and an insulating material 17, wherein the porous composite material 14 is placed in the insulating material 17, and the U-shaped fins 13 are installed In the porous composite material 14, the heat transfer device 15 is installed in the U-shaped fin 13, the capillary core 16 storing the working fluid is installed in the heat transfer device 15, and the photovoltaic cell 12 is installed outside the heat transfer device 15 , The glass cover plate 11 is installed on the outside of the photovoltaic cell 12. The solar radiation is irradiated onto the photovoltaic photothermal module 1 through the glass cover plate 11 , and a part of the solar radiation is absorbed by the photovoltaic cell 12 . Photovoltaic cells 12 convert this part of the solar radiation into electrical energy. As the photovoltaic cell 12 continuously produces electric energy, its surface temperature also increases continuously, thereby generating a part of heat. The porous composite material 14 transfers this part of heat to the heat transfer device 15 through conduction and heat storage, and the heat transfer device 15 absorbs heat and evaporates the working fluid stored in its capillary wick 16 . In this embodiment, the above-mentioned porous composite material is composed of phase change material and metal shavings.

In this embodiment, the glass cover plate is a single-layer or double-layer glass plate or glass tube. The above-mentioned glass tube may be cylindrical or semi-cylindrical. The above-mentioned double-layer glass plate or glass tube is evacuated or filled with inert gas. The above-mentioned heat transfer device is an ordinary heat pipe or a loop heat pipe.

The working principle of the utility model is: the solar radiation is irradiated on the photovoltaic photothermal module 1 through the glass cover plate 11 , and a part of the solar radiation is absorbed by the photovoltaic cell 12 . Photovoltaic cells 12 convert this part of the solar radiation into electrical energy. As the photovoltaic cell 12 continuously produces electric energy, its surface temperature also increases continuously, thereby generating a part of heat. The porous composite material 14 transfers this part of heat to the heat transfer device 15 through conduction and heat storage, and the heat transfer device 15 absorbs heat and evaporates the working fluid stored in its capillary wick 16 . Under the action of the DC circulating water pump 6, the cold water 9 in the water tank 5 absorbs the heat, stores the heat in the water tank 5, and provides hot water 10 for users. The accumulator 7 and the inverter controller 8 store the direct current that is constantly changing with the solar radiation or convert it into a 220V standard alternating current for water pumps or household appliances to use directly. Auxiliary heating equipment 18 can auxiliary heat the water in the water tank under low solar radiation weather. In this embodiment, the auxiliary heating device 18 may be an electric heater.

It should be noted that the function of the above-mentioned phase change materials is only to store heat, and no state change occurs during the process of absorbing and releasing heat. When there is solar radiation during the day, the phase change material will store excess heat, reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic cell, and improve the photoelectric efficiency; when there is no solar radiation in the evening, the phase change material will transfer the stored heat to the heat transfer device, so that It works normally at low temperature, effectively utilizes waste heat and obtains hot water. The role of the storage battery and the inverter controller is to store or convert the direct current that is constantly changing with the solar radiation into a 220V standard alternating current for direct use by water pumps or household appliances. Auxiliary heating equipment (such as electric heaters) can assist in heating the water in the water tank in low solar radiation weather.

The utility model can be laid on the outer surface of ordinary building walls (or balconies) or replace ordinary building outer walls (or balconies). stick. The photovoltaic photothermal module is wrapped with thermal insulation material. The void between photovoltaic cells and insulation is filled with porous composites.

Claims (9)

1. A photovoltaic photothermal building integrated system, characterized in that it includes photovoltaic photothermal modules (1), hot water pipes (2), cold water pipes (3), flat plate heat exchangers (4), water tanks (5 ), DC circulating water pump (6), battery (7), inverter controller (8) and auxiliary heating equipment (18), in which the plate heat exchanger (4) passes through the hot water pipe (2) and the cold water pipe (3 ) is connected to the photovoltaic thermal module (1), the water tank (5) is connected to the flat heat exchanger (4), and the water tank (5) is connected to the flat heat exchanger (4) through a DC circulating water pump (6). The thermal module (1) is connected to the DC circulating water pump (6) through the battery (7) and the inverter controller (8); the above-mentioned photovoltaic photothermal module (1) includes a glass cover plate (11), a photovoltaic cell (12), U-shaped fins (13), porous composite material (14), heat transfer device (15) and thermal insulation material (17), wherein the porous composite material (14) is placed in the thermal insulation material (17), and the U-shaped fins (13 ) is installed in the porous composite material (14), the heat transfer device (15) is installed in the U-shaped fin (13), and the capillary core (16) storing the working fluid is installed in the heat transfer device (15) , the photovoltaic cell (12) is installed on the outside of the heat transfer device (15), and the glass cover plate (11) is installed on the outside of the photovoltaic cell (12). 2. The building-integrated photovoltaic-photothermal system according to claim 1, characterized in that the water tank (5) is further provided with auxiliary heating equipment (18). 3. The building integrated photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the water tank (5) is provided with a cold water inlet (9) and a hot water outlet (10). 4. The photovoltaic-thermal building-integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that the photovoltaic-thermal module (1) is connected to household appliances through a battery (7) and an inverter controller (8). 5. The photovoltaic-thermal building-integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that the above-mentioned glass cover plate is a single-layer or double-layer glass plate or a glass tube. 6. The photovoltaic-thermal building-integrated system according to claim 5, characterized in that the above-mentioned glass tube can be cylindrical or semi-cylindrical. 7. The photovoltaic-thermal building-integrated system according to claim 5, characterized in that the middle of the double-layer glass plate or glass tube is evacuated or filled with inert gas. 8. The building-integrated photovoltaic-photothermal system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the heat transfer device is a common heat pipe or a loop heat pipe. 9. The integrated photovoltaic photothermal building system according to claim 8, characterized in that the porous composite material is composed of phase change materials and metal shavings.