CN203962019U - Smoke evacuation system in tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses smoke evacuation system in a kind of tunnel, described system comprises: smoke duct, supervising device, and blower fan, described smoke duct offers a plurality of smoke vent openings, described blower fan and the longitudinal interlaced arrangement of described smoke vent opening, whole described blower fans all carry out control connection with described supervising device.Described method is controlled the output wind speed and direction of each blower fan on this pipeline section by described supervising device, reduce the natural wind speed of this pipeline section, and the smoke vent opening by contiguous this place sucks flue gas in smoke duct and discharges simultaneously.The utility model can effectively reduce the natural wind speed of tunnel pipeline section, be conducive to the flue gas in tunnel to enter in smoke duct and discharge by smoke vent opening, avoid flue gas excessively how soon to spread, guarantee that in tunnel pipeline section certain limit, flow of flue gas presents certain rule, make visibility in tunnel, temperature, toxic and harmful concentration etc. reach a kind of controllable state, for tunnel fire-fighting and rescue with evacuate safety, comfortable environment are provided.

Description

Smoke exhaust system in the tunnel

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of smoke exhaust system design, in particular to a smoke exhaust system in a tunnel.

Background technique

With the development of society, the construction of long tunnels is becoming more and more frequent, and the social and economic benefits it brings are also becoming more and more significant. But at the same time, due to some characteristics of the tunnel structure itself, such as few external exits, relatively closed, and difficulty in natural smoke exhaust, etc., once a fire occurs inside the tunnel structure, it will pose a great threat to the life safety of the tunnel structure and the passengers inside. And bring great difficulty to evacuation escape rescue work. The statistics of the existing disaster accident data show that the closed environment of linear structures such as tunnels will cause difficulties in evacuation, rescue and smoke exhaust, making the internal buildings more dangerous than ground buildings in the event of a fire; at the same time, these underground The internal structure of the structure is complex and the flow of people is large. In the face of sudden disasters, it is difficult to deal with them in a timely and effective manner, which may easily lead to mass deaths and injuries, resulting in huge property losses and serious social impacts.

Since the temperature, smoke and poisonous gas in the tunnel are fatal enough, many scholars have conducted in-depth discussions on this issue. Existing studies have shown that the main cause of death is the inhalation of smoke particles during the escape process. The hazards of smoke to people mainly include: inhalation of hot airflow burns the respiratory tract; smoke contains toxic and anesthetic gases; suffocation due to low oxygen content in the air; irritating eyes and respiratory tract, hindering sight, and is not conducive to people's evacuation . Therefore, it is very important to effectively discharge smoke or to carry out reasonable replacement control of smoke flow in long-distance tunnels.

At present, the design of tunnel smoke exhaust is basically combined with the ventilation mode. Under normal conditions, it is a ventilation function to meet the requirements of environmental protection. In the event of a fire, it is a smoke exhaust and smoke control function. Its main purpose is to create a safe environment for drivers and passengers. Comfortable evacuation environment, while helping firefighters reach the fire scene quickly and conveniently. The way of smoke exhaust can be classified into two types: horizontal smoke exhaust mode and vertical smoke exhaust mode. The so-called horizontal type is to achieve the purpose of ventilation and smoke extraction by continuous and uniform air supply or exhaust along the entire length of the tunnel. The longitudinal ventilation method is to achieve the purpose of ventilation and smoke exhaust by generating longitudinal wind flow in the tunnel.

Rescue and evacuation of existing tunnels at home and abroad can be achieved in the following ways:

①Escape through horizontal communication channel

The double-pipe tunnel is along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and horizontal communication passages are set up at regular intervals to connect the two tunnels to realize fire escape and rescue.

②Longitudinal passage escape

Use independent tunnels parallel to the direction of the tunnel or the space below the road surface in the tunnel to build longitudinal escape passages, and set emergency exits or sliding ramps at regular intervals to communicate with the escape passages under the road surface to escape fire hazards.

③ Vertical-horizontal passage combined with escape

Emergency exits or sliding ramps are arranged at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to communicate with the escape passages under the road surface to form personnel evacuation passages; at the same time, horizontal communication passages are arranged at regular intervals to connect the two tunnels for vehicle evacuation and fire rescue.

In the case of a fire with the existing single longitudinal rescue and evacuation method, due to the influence of smoke spread, the visibility, temperature, and concentration distribution of toxic and harmful gases at the lane level have great randomness, which is not conducive to the development of fire rescue and evacuation work.

Therefore, the applicant is devoting himself to developing a tunnel smoke exhaust system capable of real-time monitoring and automatic, rapid and effective exhausting of the smoke in the tunnel and its method.

Utility model content

In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model proposes a tunnel smoke exhaust system capable of real-time monitoring of the smoke in the tunnel and automatic, rapid and effective discharge.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a smoke exhaust system in a tunnel, which includes: a smoke exhaust duct extending longitudinally along the tunnel, a monitoring device for determining the fire location, fire scale and air flow characteristics in the tunnel, And fans for changing the direction and speed of the airflow in the tunnel.

The smoke exhaust duct leads to the inside of the tunnel and is provided with a plurality of smoke exhaust outlets, and multiple sets of fans are arranged longitudinally along the tunnel, and the fans and the smoke exhaust outlets are longitudinally interlaced. The blowers are all controlled and connected with the monitoring device.

When the monitoring device monitors that a pipe section in the tunnel needs to exhaust smoke, it controls the output wind speed and wind direction of each fan on the pipe section, reduces the natural wind speed of the pipe section, and simultaneously discharges the smoke from the smoke exhaust port adjacent to the pipe section. The gas is sucked into the exhaust duct for discharge.

Preferably, at least one set of fans is arranged between two vertically adjacent smoke outlets.

Preferably, at least one smoke outlet is arranged between two sets of fans adjacent in the longitudinal direction.

Preferably, the fan is a bidirectional reversible and speed-adjustable jet fan.

Preferably, both ports of the smoke exhaust duct are provided with smoke exhaust fans.

Preferably, each of the smoke outlets is correspondingly provided with an electric switch door, and the electric switch door is connected with the monitoring device for control.

Preferably, the distance between adjacent smoke outlets is 100-200m.

The utility model also proposes a method for exhausting smoke in a tunnel, using the above-mentioned smoke exhausting system in the tunnel for exhausting smoke, including the following steps: first, quickly detect the occurrence of a fire in a certain section of the tunnel through the monitoring device and further determine the location of the fire , the fire scale and the air flow characteristics in this section of the tunnel, on the basis of which, the corresponding target control is carried out, and the steering and rotation speed of the corresponding fans are controlled automatically and/or manually adjusted by the operator, so that the natural wind speed in the fire section tends to zero. At the same time, the smoke exhaust port within the range of the ignition point is opened, so that the smoke can be quickly inhaled and discharged by the smoke exhaust duct through the corresponding smoke exhaust port. During the smoke exhaust process, the monitoring device maintains dynamic monitoring of the air flow characteristics in the section of the tunnel. The operating status is adjusted in real time.

The beneficial effects of the smoke exhaust system in the tunnel of the utility model are as follows:

The utility model can monitor the flue gas in the tunnel in real time through the monitoring device and its method, and effectively reduce the natural wind speed of the tunnel pipe section by controlling the output wind speed and wind direction of each fan and the working state of the exhaust duct, which is beneficial to The smoke in the tunnel is discharged from the smoke exhaust port into the smoke exhaust duct to avoid excessive and fast diffusion of the smoke and ensure that the flow of smoke in a certain range of the tunnel pipe section presents a certain law, so that the visibility, temperature, toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel Concentration, etc. reach a controllable state, providing a safe and comfortable environment for tunnel fire rescue and evacuation.

The tunnel applying the utility model can control the flow of smoke in the tunnel in case of fire, can effectively protect the tunnel lining structure from high-temperature radiation under fire, cooperate with the tunnel fire rescue and evacuation structure, On the one hand, an independent tunnel parallel to the direction of the tunnel can be used or a longitudinal escape passage can be built in the space below the driving road surface in the tunnel; Rescue unfolds through the lane level. Organically combine a single longitudinal rescue and evacuation mode with a key smoke exhaust system. At the first time when a fire occurs, the utility model can determine the fire location, fire scale and air flow characteristics in the tunnel through the monitoring device. On this basis, by manually or automatically adjusting the steering and speed of the corresponding fan, the The natural wind speed of the tunnel pipe section is reduced to zero, and at the same time, key smoke exhaust outlets within the fire point range are opened to carry out smoke exhaust operations.

The conception, specific structure and technical effects of the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present utility model.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a smoke exhaust system in a tunnel according to a specific embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a tunnel cross-section in a specific embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for exhausting smoke in a tunnel according to a specific embodiment.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a smoke exhaust system in a tunnel according to this embodiment includes: a smoke exhaust duct 200 extending longitudinally along the tunnel 100, used to determine the fire location, fire scale and air flow in the tunnel A monitoring device 300 for characteristics, and a fan 400 for changing the direction and speed of the airflow in the tunnel.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the smoke exhaust air duct 200 of this embodiment leads to the inside of the tunnel 1 and is provided with a plurality of smoke exhaust outlets 210 . Multiple groups of fans 400 are arranged longitudinally along the tunnel 1 . Arrangement, all fans 400 are connected to the monitoring device 300 for control. Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 1 , a group of fans 400 is arranged between two vertically adjacent smoke outlets 210 in this embodiment, and a smoke outlet 210 is arranged between two groups of longitudinally adjacent fans 400 . In this embodiment, a group of fans 400 are two fans arranged side by side on the same tunnel cross section. The monitoring device and the specific structure of the tunnel are not shown in Fig. 1, only the fans, the smoke exhaust duct and its smoke vent.

Specifically, when the monitoring device 300 of this embodiment monitors that a pipe section in the tunnel 100 needs to exhaust smoke, it controls the output wind speed and wind direction of each fan 400 on the pipe section, reduces the natural wind speed of the pipe section, and at the same time, from the adjacent place The smoke outlet 210 draws the smoke into the smoke exhaust duct 200 for discharge.

Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 1 , the fan 400 of this embodiment is a two-way reversible and speed-adjustable jet fan. Both ports of the smoke exhaust duct 200 are provided with a smoke exhaust fan 220 , and each smoke exhaust port 210 corresponds to An electric switch door (not shown in the figure) is provided, and the electric switch door is controlled and connected with the monitoring device 300, and the distance between adjacent smoke outlets 210 is 100-200m.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the monitoring device 300 of this embodiment includes a detection element 310, a camera 320, a display 330, and a PLC controller 340, and a plurality of detection elements 310 and cameras 320 are arranged in the tunnel 100, and communicate with the PLC The controller 340 maintains the control connection, and performs real-time detection and monitoring of the situation in the tunnel through the detection element 310 and the camera 320. The detection element 310 can detect parameters such as smoke concentration and flow speed in the tunnel 100 and feed back to the PLC controller 340, the camera 320 and display 330 can effectively understand the real-time situation in the tunnel, and the PLC controller 340 controls the wind speed and wind direction of the corresponding fan 400, and guides the airflow in the tunnel 100 to pass through the adjacent smoke outlet 210 for rapid exhaustion. efficient emissions.

Of course, in other specific embodiments, the monitoring device can be assembled and used with other purchased parts according to actual needs, such as using a computer to cooperate with various sensors for monitoring and use, etc. The specific models and setting quantities of the fans and exhaust fans can also be Choose and set according to needs, for example, multiple groups of fans can be arranged between two vertically adjacent smoke outlets, and multiple groups of fans can be arranged between vertically adjacent two groups of fans. The smoke exhaust port is mentioned, and will not be repeated here.

Exemplarily, the tunnel smoke exhaust method using the tunnel smoke exhaust system of this embodiment is as follows:

As shown in Figure 3, in the tunnel where the smoke exhaust system in the tunnel of this embodiment is applied, if a fire occurs somewhere in the tunnel, the occurrence of the fire can be quickly detected through the monitoring device 300 and the location, scale and scale of the fire can be further determined. The air flow characteristics in this section of the tunnel, and an air characteristic prediction model is established, based on which, the corresponding target control is carried out, and the steering and rotation speed of the corresponding fan 400 are controlled automatically and/or manually adjusted by the operator, so that the natural wind speed of the fire section Tend to zero (infinitely close to zero or equal to zero), the smoke is suppressed in the fire zone, and the smoke exhaust port 210 within the fire point range is opened at the same time, so that the smoke in the fire zone no longer spreads, and the smoke passes quickly The corresponding smoke outlet 210 is inhaled and discharged by the smoke exhaust duct 200 in a timely manner. During the smoke exhaust process, the monitoring device 300 maintains dynamic monitoring of the air flow characteristics in the tunnel, adjusts the air characteristic prediction model in real time, and monitors the operating status of the fan 400. Real-time adjustment, so that the visibility, temperature, and concentration of toxic and harmful gases within a certain height range (2m) of the lane layer in the tunnel can be controlled to a certain extent and range within a certain period of time, meeting the requirements of fire rescue and dredging escape.

The preferred specific embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the present utility model without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the utility model through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims .

Claims (7)

1. a smoke evacuation system in tunnel, comprises the smoke duct arranging along tunnel longitudinal extension, and described smoke duct offers a plurality of smoke vent openings towards described tunnel internal conducting, it is characterized in that: in described tunnel, smoke evacuation system also comprises:

For determining the supervising device of fire location, fire scale and air-flow character in tunnel, and for changing the blower fan of airflow direction and speed in tunnel;

The described blower fan of many groups is arranged along described tunnel longitudinal arrangement, described blower fan and the longitudinal interlaced arrangement of described smoke vent opening, and whole described blower fans all carry out control connection with described supervising device;

Described supervising device monitors certain pipeline section in described tunnel need to discharge fume time, control the output wind speed and direction of each blower fan on this pipeline section, reduce the natural wind speed of this pipeline section, the smoke vent opening by contiguous this place sucks flue gas in smoke duct and discharges simultaneously.

2. smoke evacuation system in tunnel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: blower fan described in being longitudinally at least furnished with a group between two adjacent described smoke vent openings.

3. smoke evacuation system in tunnel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: longitudinally described in adjacent two groups, between blower fan, be at least furnished with a described smoke vent opening.

4. smoke evacuation system in tunnel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described blower fan is bidirectional reversible adjustable speed jet blower.

5. smoke evacuation system in tunnel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the two-port of described smoke duct, be provided with smoke extractor exhaust fan.

6. smoke evacuation system in tunnel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described in each, smoke vent opening correspondence is provided with an automatic door, described automatic door and described supervising device control connection.

7. smoke evacuation system in tunnel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: adjacent described smoke vent opening interval 100-200m.