CN203911602U - Magnetic circuit complementary type stator duplex feeding brushless AC synchronous motor - Google Patents

Abstract

A magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor, including a stator and a rotor, both the stator and the rotor are magnetically conductive materials with an air gap between them, the stator is provided with magnetically conductive teeth, and the magnetically conductive teeth are provided with Concentrated armature windings and concentrated excitation windings are alternately arranged, and the directions of the magnetic fields generated by any two adjacent concentrated excitation windings are opposite; the number of stator magnetic teeth is Ns=4*m*k*n; the magnetic teeth are provided with concentrated armatures The number of windings and concentrated excitation windings is the same, both are 2*m*k*n, and the number of segmented magnetic permeable blocks provided on the rotor is Nr=(2*m*k±1)n, wherein, m is the phase number of the motor, n and k are positive integers, and n is the number of motor units. The motor of the utility model has the characteristics of no brush, simple structure of the rotor, symmetrical opposite potential and approximately sinusoidal, small torque ripple, stator excitation and the like. The utility model can be used in urban rail transit, electric vehicles and other occasions that require a wide range of speed regulation; it is also suitable for wind power generation and other occasions.

Description

Magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor

technical field

The utility model relates to a stator electric excitation synchronous motor, in particular to a magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor, which belongs to the technical field of motor manufacturing.

Background technique

With the development of new energy technology, motors have been widely used in wind power generation, new energy vehicles and other fields. Since the armature current and excitation current of the DC motor can be independently adjusted, the speed regulation characteristics when used as a motor, or the output voltage stability when used as a generator are the most ideal among many motors. However, due to the existence of mechanical brushes and commutators in the structure of DC motors, it has disadvantages such as inconvenient maintenance and poor reliability, which limits its application range. The AC induction motor has a simple structure, no need for brushes, easy maintenance, high reliability, and has been widely used in the field of ordinary transmission, but the speed regulation performance of the motor is not good. Although frequency conversion technology such as vector control is used, the control is complicated and the speed regulation performance is worse than that of DC motors. Traditional permanent magnet brushless AC and DC motors have developed rapidly in recent years. However, permanent magnets need to be installed on the rotor for excitation. The permanent magnets are placed in the high-speed rotor of the motor, which not only increases the cost of the motor, but also has the risk of demagnetization caused by high temperature, vibration and other factors. In addition, due to the use of permanent magnets, the excitation of the motor is inconvenient to adjust, and it is necessary to use field-weakening control technology to achieve high-speed operation during high-speed operation, which undoubtedly increases the complexity and cost of the system.

In recent years, an electrically excited doubly salient motor brushless DC motor has received extensive attention from relevant scholars. The rotor of this motor has a simple structure and is only composed of magnetically conductive materials. It has high reliability. The armature winding and the field winding are placed in stator. However, studies have shown that the motor winding flux linkage is unipolar, and there are many disadvantages, such as back EMF asymmetry and large harmonic content, large output torque ripple, low power density, etc., which greatly limit its engineering practicability.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a motor with good speed regulation performance, reliable operation, no brush, the armature winding and the excitation winding are placed in the stator and can be controlled separately, and the rotor is segmented. A magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor with a magnetic block, simple structure and low cost, and a back electromotive force approximately sinusoidal. By controlling the current of the DC excitation winding, the excitation magnetic field of the motor can be controlled, so as to ensure that the motor has a wide range of constant power speed regulation when operating as a motor, and outputs a constant voltage at different speeds when operating as a generator.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:

The magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor of the utility model includes a stator and a rotor, both of which are magnetically conductive materials with an air gap between them, and the stator is provided with magnetically conductive teeth, which are magnetically conductive Concentrated armature windings and concentrated excitation windings are arranged alternately on the teeth; the number of stator magnetic teeth is Ns=4*m*k*n; is 2*m*k*n, and the number of segmented magnetic permeable blocks on the rotor is Nr=(2*m*k±1)n;

Concentrated excitation windings and concentrated armature windings are arranged alternately on the stator magnetic teeth, and the directions of the magnetic fields generated by any two adjacent concentrated excitation windings are opposite, where m is the number of phases of the motor, n and k are positive integers, and n is the motor unit k is the number of pairs of concentrated armature windings connected in series in one phase of the armature windings in each motor unit.

Concentrated armature windings and concentrated excitation windings are arranged alternately on the above-mentioned magnetically conductive teeth, the concentrated excitation windings in each motor unit are connected in series to form an excitation winding unit, and the excitation winding units in n motor units are connected in series or in parallel, any The directions of the magnetic fields generated by two adjacent concentrated excitation windings are opposite.

Any phase of the armature winding in each of the above motor units is composed of k pairs of concentrated armature windings connected in series, wherein the relative position difference between the two concentrated armature windings in any pair of concentrated armature windings and the rotor is half the rotor pole pitch, corresponding to The electrical angle is 180 degrees, and the two have complementary characteristics.

The aforementioned magnetic circuit complementary stator doubly-fed brushless AC synchronous motor has an inner rotor or outer rotor structure. As an outer rotor structure, the rotor composed of magnetic conductive blocks is fixed outside the stator, and as an inner rotor structure, the rotor composed of magnetic conductive blocks is fixed inside the stator.

The magnetic circuit complementary stator doubly-fed brushless AC synchronous motor is a motor or a generator. When operating as a motor, the range of constant power speed can be increased by changing the magnitude of the excitation current. When operating as a generator, by changing the magnitude of the excitation current, a constant back electromotive force at different speeds can be obtained.

When the utility model is used as a drive motor, it is especially suitable for wide speed regulation driving occasions, such as urban rail transit drive motors, electric vehicle drive motors and other applications that require a wide speed regulation range; the utility model is also particularly suitable for use as a generator, for In wind power generation and other occasions, the motor has a simple structure, no brushes, and the rotor is only composed of magnetic conductive blocks. The structure is simple and light in weight. Both the armature winding and the excitation winding are placed in the stator. Voltage output and constant speed variable voltage output characteristics, but also convenient to reduce the cut-in wind speed of the generator set and increase the power generation.

Description of drawings

The utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment;

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the motor in Embodiment 1 of a magnetic circuit complementary stator excitation motor of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the motor structure of embodiment 2 of a magnetic circuit complementary stator excitation motor of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the motor structure of embodiment 3 of a magnetic circuit complementary stator excitation motor of the utility model;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the motor structure of embodiment 4 of a magnetic circuit complementary stator excitation motor of the utility model;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the motor structure of embodiment 5 of a magnetic circuit complementary stator excitation motor of the utility model;

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the utility model easy to understand, the utility model will be further elaborated below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1

Referring to Fig. 1, the magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor of the present invention includes a stator 11 and a rotor 10, both of which are magnetically conductive materials and have an air gap between them, on the stator 11 Magnetically conductive teeth 110 are provided, and concentrated armature windings 111 and concentrated field windings 112 are arranged alternately on the magnetically conductive teeth 110 . In the motor of this embodiment, m=3, k=1, n=1, wherein, m is the phase number of the motor, n and k are positive integers, n is the number of motor units, and k is a phase electric current in each motor unit The number of concentrated armature winding pairs in series. That is, the motor is a three-phase motor with three phases A, B and C, and includes one motor unit, and each motor unit has k=1 pair of concentrated armature windings. Therefore, the number of stator 11 magnetic teeth 110 is Ns=4*m*k*n=12, and the magnetic teeth 110 are provided with the same number of concentrated armature windings 111 and concentrated excitation windings 112, both of which are 2*m* k*n=6; the rotor 10 is provided with the number of segmented magnetic blocks as Nr=(2*m*k±1)n, when k=1, m=3, n=1, Nr can be 5 , 7, this embodiment takes Nr=7. The concentrated excitation windings 112 and the concentrated armature windings 111 are arranged alternately on the stator magnetic permeable teeth 110 , and the directions of the magnetic fields generated by any two adjacent concentrated excitation windings 112 are opposite.

In each motor unit of the motor of the present invention, the concentrated armature windings 111 and the concentrated excitation windings 112 are alternately arranged on the stator magnetically conductive teeth 110, and the number of both is 2*m*k, and the number of the armature windings of any one phase The logarithm of the concentrated armature winding 111 in series is k, the magnetic conducting teeth 110 of the concentrated armature winding 111 are called armature winding magnetic conducting teeth, and the magnetic conducting teeth 110 of the concentrated excitation winding 112 are called the excitation winding magnetic conducting teeth ; The spatial arrangement of the m-phase armature windings has the following characteristics, k concentrated armature windings belonging to the same phase are placed on two adjacent armature winding magnetic teeth, and the concentrated armature windings 111 belonging to different phases are alternated in turn Placed on the magnetically conductive teeth of the armature winding; according to the above arrangement, 2*k concentrated armature windings 111 belonging to the same phase form k pairs of complementary concentrated armature windings, wherein the two concentrated armature windings in any pair of concentrated armature windings The relative position of the armature winding 111 and the rotor differs by half the rotor 10 pole pitch, and the corresponding electromagnetic characteristics differ in space by 180 degrees of electrical angle, forming a complementary structure. When forming a phase winding, the back EMF harmonics in the complementary concentrated armature winding cancel each other out, and the phase potential is more sinusoidal. The phase armature windings of the n motor units are linked in the same way, the field windings in each motor unit are connected in series to form a field winding unit, and the field windings of the n motor units are connected in series or in parallel.

Since k=1 in this embodiment, the number of concentrated armature windings 111 arranged alternately with the concentrated field windings 112 on the stator magnetic permeable teeth 110 is 6, wherein the armature windings A, B, and C belonging to different phases are in turn Alternately placed on the magnetically conductive teeth 110 of the armature winding, the two concentrated armature windings 111 belonging to the same phase form a pair of complementary concentrated armature windings, and the relative positions of the two concentrated armature windings 111 and the rotor 10 differ by half the rotor pole pitch , the corresponding electromagnetic properties differ in space by 180 degrees electrical angle. As shown in Figure 1, phase A has two concentrated armature windings A1 and A2. At this time, the center line of the stator teeth where the concentrated armature winding A1 is located is facing the center line of the rotor 10 modules, and the center line of the stator teeth where the concentrated armature winding A2 is located is facing the center line between the two rotor 10 modules. The relative position to the rotor 10 differs by half the pole pitch of the rotor 10, and the two have a spatial difference of 180 degrees in electrical angle. By changing the winding direction of A1 and A2, the two back EMFs can be superimposed on each other. Therefore, after the centralized excitation winding 112 is fed with direct current, the concentrated armature windings A1 and A2 are connected in series to form the A-phase winding. However, when the rotor 10 rotates an electrical cycle of 360° (that is, rotates a pole pitch of the rotor 10 ), the relative positions of the armature windings A1 and A2 of phase A and the rotor 10 are magnetically different. At the position shown in Figure 1, if it is assumed that the flux linkage in the concentrated armature winding A1 is approximately zero at this time, it is called the first equilibrium position. At this time, the flux linkage in the concentrated armature winding A2 is also approximately zero. The position of the armature winding A2 relative to the rotor is different from that of A1 by half of the pole pitch of the rotor 10, so this position is called the second balance position. During the counterclockwise rotation of the rotor 10 for one electrical cycle, the change process of the flux linkage amplitude in the concentrated armature winding A1 of phase A is as follows: first balance position - positive maximum amplitude - second balance position - negative maximum amplitude ——the first balance position; and the change process of the flux linkage amplitude in the concentrated armature winding A2 of phase A is: the second balance position—positive maximum amplitude—the first balance position—negative maximum amplitude—the second balance position. Therefore, the flux linkage variation trends in the two armature windings are symmetrical and complementary. The flux linkages generated in the concentrated armature windings A1 and A2 of phase A are bipolar flux linkages (that is, positive and negative), which is different from the traditional double salient motor. The back EMF waveforms generated in the A-phase concentrated armature windings A1 and A2 are also symmetrical. After the A-phase windings are connected in series, their harmonic components cancel each other out, and the obtained opposite EMF has better sinusoidal characteristics, thereby reducing the rotation speed. Torque ripple, ideal for brushless AC (BLAC) control.

The two phases B and C also have the characteristics of phase A, and the phase difference between the three phases is 120° electrical angle.

When the motor needs to run at a high speed, reduce the size of the DC excitation current, thereby reducing the excitation magnetic field strength of the motor to achieve the purpose of speed regulation. When the motor torque needs to be increased at low speed, the DC excitation current can be increased to increase the output torque.

Example 2

Figure 2 is also a three-phase magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor. The difference between this embodiment and the motor of Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment adopts an inner rotor structure, the rotor 10 is placed inside the stator 11, and there is an air gap between them, so the motor of this embodiment also has the motor of the utility model specialty.

Example 3

Figure 3 is also a magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor. In this embodiment, k=1, n=2, m=3, that is, the motor is a three-phase motor, including 2 motor units, and each motor unit has k=1 pair of concentrated armature windings. Therefore, the number of the stator 11 magnetic teeth 110 is Ns=24, and the magnetic teeth 110 are provided with the same number of concentrated armature windings 111 and concentrated field windings 112, which are 12; The number of blocks is Nr=(2*m*k±1)n, Nr can be 10 or 14, and Nr=14 in this embodiment. The field windings in the first motor unit in the stator 11 are connected in series to form the first field winding unit, the directions of the magnetic fields generated by the adjacent two concentrated field windings are opposite, and the A-phase armature winding consists of two concentrated armature windings A1 and A2 connected in series . The relative positions of the concentrated armature windings A1 and A2 to the rotor differ by half the rotor pole pitch, which corresponds to an electrical angle of 180 degrees. Therefore, the concentrated armature windings A1 and A2 have complementary characteristics. When the two are connected in series to form the A-phase winding, the harmonic content of the counter electromotive force generated therein cancels each other out, and the opposite potential is more sinusoidal. Similarly, the concentrated excitation winding 112 and the concentrated armature windings A3 and A4 in the second motor unit also have the characteristics of the first motor unit, therefore, the concentrated armature windings A3 and A4 also have complementary characteristics. The first field winding unit and the second field winding unit can be connected in series or in parallel to form the field winding. When the concentrated armature windings A1, A2, A3 and A4 in the two motor units are connected in series to form the A-phase winding, the back EMF generated in the concentrated winding The high-order harmonics cancel each other out, and the amplitude of the fundamental wave of the back EMF of the A-phase winding is approximately four times the amplitude of the fundamental wave of the concentrated windings A1, A2, A3 and A4, which has good sine.

Example 4

Figure 4 is also a three-phase magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor. In the present embodiment, k=2, n=1, m=3, that is, the motor is a three-phase motor, including 1 motor unit, and k=2 pairs of concentrated armature windings are arranged in each motor unit, so the stator 11 The number of magnetically conductive teeth 110 is Ns=24, and magnetically conductive teeth 110 are provided with the same number of concentrated armature windings 111 and concentrated field windings 112, which are 12; the number of segmented magnetically conductive blocks in the rotor is Nr =(2*m*k±1)n, Nr can be 11, 13, and Nr=13 in this embodiment. It can be seen that the concentrated armature windings 111 and the concentrated excitation windings 112 of the motor in this embodiment are alternately arranged on the stator magnetically permeable teeth 110, and the logarithm of the concentrated armature windings 111 connected in series by any one-phase armature winding is k=2, three The spatial arrangement of the phase armature windings has the following characteristics. The k=2 concentrated armature windings belonging to the same phase are placed on the magnetic conductive teeth of the two adjacent armature windings (as shown in Fig. 4, the concentrated armature windings A1, A2 ), the concentrated armature windings belonging to different phases are alternately placed on the magnetic conductive teeth of the armature windings. According to the above arrangement, the arrangement of the three-phase concentrated armature winding is: A1A2--B1B2--C1C2--A3A4--B3B4--C3C4. 2*k=4 concentrated armature windings belonging to the same phase form k=2 pairs of complementary concentrated armature windings, wherein two concentrated armature windings in any pair of concentrated armature windings (such as concentrated armature windings A1 and A3 or The relative position of A2 and A4) and the rotor differs by half the rotor pole pitch, and the corresponding electromagnetic characteristics differ in space by 180 degrees electrical angle, forming a complementary structure. When a phase winding is formed in series, the back EMF in the complementary concentrated armature winding is harmonic The waves cancel each other out, and the phase potentials are relatively sinusoidal. It is worth noting that since the relative positions of the concentrated armature windings A1 and A2, A3 and A4 are relatively close to the rotor 10, when the concentrated armature windings A1, A2, A3 and A4 are connected in series to form the A-phase winding, the amplitude of the back EMF of the A-phase winding is slightly Less than four times the amplitude of the fundamental waves concentrated around A1, A2, A3 and A4.

Example 5

Figure 5 is also a five-phase magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor. In the present embodiment, k=1, n=1, m=5, that is, the motor is a five-phase motor, including 1 motor unit, and k=1 pair of concentrated armature windings are arranged in each motor unit, so the stator 11 The number of magnetically conductive teeth 110 is Ns=20, and the number of magnetically conductive teeth 110 is provided with the same number of concentrated armature windings 111 and concentrated field windings 112, which are 10; the number of segmented magnetically conductive blocks in the rotor is Nr =(2*m*k±1)n, Nr can be 9 or 11, and Nr=11 in this embodiment.

In the five-phase motor of this embodiment, each phase winding is composed of two concentrated armature windings connected in series. For example, the A-phase winding consists of two concentrated armature windings A1 and A2. At this time, the stator tooth center line where the concentrated armature winding A1 is located is facing The centerline of the stator teeth where the concentrated armature winding A2 is located is facing the centerline between the two rotor modules. Therefore, the motor also has the magnetic circuit complementary characteristics proposed by the utility model, the back EMF harmonic component generated in each phase armature winding is offset, the back EMF sine degree is good, and the torque ripple is small, especially suitable for BLAC operation model.

The magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor of the utility model can have an outer rotor structure or an inner rotor structure, and can operate in the state of a motor or a generator.

The basic principles and main features of the present utility model and the advantages of the present utility model have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principle of the utility model. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, the utility model The new model also has various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection required by the utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. A magnetic circuit complementary stator doubly-fed brushless AC synchronous motor, including a stator (11) and a rotor (10), both of which are magnetically permeable materials with an air gap between them. Gap, the stator (11) is provided with magnetically conductive teeth (110), and the concentrated armature windings (111) and concentrated field windings (112) are alternately arranged on the magnetically conductive teeth (110), characterized in that, The number of the stator (11) magnetic teeth (110) is Ns=4*m*k*n; the magnetic teeth (110) are provided with a concentrated armature winding (111) and a concentrated excitation winding (112) The same number, are 2*m*k*n, the number of the rotor (10) is provided with segmented magnetic block is Nr=(2*m*k±1)n; The concentrated field windings (112) and the concentrated armature windings (111) are alternately arranged on the stator magnetically permeable teeth (110), and the directions of the magnetic fields generated by any adjacent two concentrated field windings (112) are opposite; Wherein, m is the phase number of the motor, n and k are positive integers, n is the number of motor units, and k is the logarithm of concentrated armature windings (111) connected in series with any one-phase armature winding in each motor unit. the 2. The magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that concentrated armature windings (111) and concentrated field windings (112) are arranged alternately on the magnetically conductive teeth (110) , the concentrated field windings (112) in each motor unit are connected in series to form a field winding unit, the field winding units in n motor units are connected in series or in parallel, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by any two adjacent concentrated field windings (112) on the contrary. the 3. The magnetic circuit complementary stator doubly-fed brushless AC synchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, any one-phase armature winding in each motor unit is composed of k pairs of concentrated armature windings (111) connected in series , wherein the relative position difference between the two concentrated armature windings in any pair of concentrated armature windings (111) and the rotor (10) is half the rotor pole pitch, which corresponds to an electrical angle of 180 degrees, and the two have complementary characteristics. the 4. The magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor is an inner rotor Or outer rotor structure. the 5. The magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, the magnetic circuit complementary stator double-fed brushless AC synchronous motor is a motor or dynamo. the