CN203748245U - Vibrating digging pulling type cassava harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

A vibrating digging and pulling type cassava harvester includes a frame, a suspension frame, a root root pulling device, a digging shovel and an electro-hydraulic control device. The frame is composed of a beam frame and a rear support wheel, and the frame and the suspension frame are hinged, and the longitudinal displacement of the frame relative to the suspension frame is limited by a steel chain; the root pulling device is composed of a pulling mechanism, a vibration mechanism, and a clamping mechanism. The lifting device is installed on the frame; the excavating shovel is composed of a subsoiling shovel and a shovel column, which are fixed under the crossbar of the suspension frame with U-shaped bolts; the electro-hydraulic control device consists of sensors, single-chip microcomputers, A/D, electro-hydraulic servo valves, Composed of D/A, the electro-hydraulic control device controls the work of the hydraulic motor and oil cylinder. The whole machine is connected with the tractor suspension device at three points through the suspension frame. The cassava harvester of the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, high flexibility and easy control of the pulling mechanism, which can realize fast and continuous pulling, less loss when harvesting cassava tubers, clean soil and potato separation, and low power consumption.

Description

A vibrating digging cassava harvester

technical field

The utility model relates to a harvesting machine in the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a vibrating digging and pulling type cassava harvester.

Background technique

Cassava is widely planted in the tropics and subtropics. It is a root crop and is known as the "king of starch". Its output ranks sixth among food crops. It is the food that 600 million people in the world depend on for survival and is an important bioenergy crop. At present, domestic cassava root harvesting is basically done manually, with heavy workload, low efficiency and high harvesting cost. During the harvest season, due to low harvesting efficiency and long harvesting time, many cassavas germinate and rot in the ground, resulting in a reduction in cassava production, which seriously hinders the development of cassava planting and becomes a "bottleneck" for the development of cassava planting. Therefore, to carry out research on cassava harvesting machinery and harvesting technology and promote the development of cassava harvesting mechanization has become an urgent problem to be solved in the cassava planting industry.

At present, the main problems of cassava harvesting machinery are poor adaptability to soil, large root harvest loss, unclean soil and potato separation, and high power consumption. It is especially difficult to adapt to the harvest of clay planted cassava roots. The existing cassava harvesters suitable for harvesting cassava roots planted in clay are still in the theoretical research stage. The pull-up mechanisms of these harvesters are all driven by reciprocating, and the flexibility of the pull-up mechanism is low, and it is difficult to achieve rapid and continuous pull-up. more complicated.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the utility model provides a vibrating digging and pulling type cassava harvester, which has strong adaptability to different soils and can adapt to the harvesting of cassava roots planted in clay, and the harvester has a simple structure and is easy to pull out. The mechanism has high flexibility and can realize rapid and continuous pulling out.

The technical solution adopted in the utility model is: a vibrating digging and pulling type cassava harvester, including a frame, a suspension frame, a root uprooting device, a digging shovel and an electro-hydraulic control device; The longitudinal displacement of the frame relative to the suspension frame; the frame is composed of a beam frame and a rear support wheel, the rear support wheel is installed on the support wheel shaft of the beam frame through a bearing, and the root uprooting device is composed of a pulling mechanism, a vibration mechanism, and a clamping mechanism The pulling mechanism is installed on the frame through bolts and bearings, the vibration mechanism is installed on the horizontal plate of the pulling mechanism through bolts, and the clamping mechanism is welded under the frame of the vibration mechanism; the excavating shovel is composed of a subsoiling shovel and a shovel column. Use U-shaped bolts to fix it under the cross bar of the suspension frame; the distance between the shovel columns is the width of the cassava ridge, and the soil is loosened during operation to reduce the pull-up resistance. The electro-hydraulic control device is composed of sensors, single-chip microcomputers, A/D, electro-hydraulic servo valves, and D/A. The electro-hydraulic control device is installed in the box, and the box is fixed on the tractor; during operation, the speed and law of the hydraulic motor are controlled. At the same time control the movement of the cylinder. The whole machine is connected with the tractor suspension device at three points through the suspension frame.

The suspension frame is a triangular structure weldment, which is composed of a cross bar, a longitudinal bar, an oblique bar, a steel chain pin, a front upper hinge point, a front lower hinge point and a rear hinge point, and they form the suspension frame by welding.

The beam frame is composed of vertical beams, longitudinal beams, front upper hanging shafts, rear upper hanging shafts, supporting wheel shafts, steel chain lugs, motor bases, and reinforcing ribs. The longitudinal beams and vertical beams are perpendicular to each other and in the same plane. The beam is welded to the rear of the vertical beam, the front upper hanging shaft and the rear upper hanging shaft pass through the vertical beam and are welded on the vertical beam, the supporting wheel shaft passes through the longitudinal beam and is welded on the vertical beam, and the steel chain lug is welded on the vertical beam Above, the motor base is welded on one side of the vertical beam, and reinforcing ribs are welded between the vertical beam and the longitudinal beam, and between the longitudinal beam and the supporting wheel shaft.

The pulling mechanism includes left forearm, right forearm, left rear arm, right rear arm, connecting rod, crank, front lower hanging shaft, rear lower hanging shaft, horizontal plate, first hydraulic motor, double row angular contact ball bearing, One end of the left forearm and right forearm is connected to the front upper hanging shaft through double-row angular contact ball bearings, the other end of the left forearm and right forearm is connected to the front lower hanging shaft through double-row angular contact ball bearings, and the left and right rear arms One end is connected to the rear upper hanging shaft through a double-row angular contact ball bearing, the other ends of the left and right rear arms are connected to the rear lower hanging shaft through a double-row angular contact ball bearing, and one end of the connecting rod is connected to a double-row angular contact ball bearing Connected to the rear lower hanging shaft, the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the crank through double-row angular contact ball bearings, the crank is splined to the output shaft of the first hydraulic motor, and the front lower hanging shaft and the rear lower hanging shaft are welded on the horizontal plate , the first hydraulic motor is installed on the motor base through bolts, and the horizontal plate remains horizontal during the working process.

The vibration mechanism is composed of a second hydraulic motor, a shaft coupling, a bearing, a bearing seat, a camshaft, a cam, a friction plate, an upper guide sleeve set, a lower guide sleeve set, a first spring set, a frame, and the friction plate and The upper guide sleeve set is fixed on the frame by bolts, the lower guide sleeve set, the second hydraulic motor, and the bearing seat are fixed on the horizontal plate by bolts, the upper and lower guide sleeve sets are installed together, and the first spring set is placed on the upper and lower sleeves. Inside, one end of the first spring group is hooked on the bolt with holes, the other end is hooked on the horizontal plate, the cam is splined to the camshaft, one end of the camshaft is connected to the output shaft of the second hydraulic motor through a coupling, and the other end is installed on the On the bearing seat, the second hydraulic motor drives the cam to rotate at a given frequency during operation, and the frame and clamping mechanism vibrate up and down with the rotation of the cam.

The clamping mechanism is composed of a clip frame, an upper linkage rod, a lower linkage rod, a clip group, a second spring group, and an oil cylinder. The upper part of the clip frame is welded to the lower part of the frame, and the lower part of the clip frame is connected to the clip group through cylindrical pins. The clip group can be Rotating relative to the clip frame, the oil cylinder is connected to the middle clip of the clip group through a straight pin, and the upper and lower linkage rods are connected to the clip group through a straight pin. One end of the second spring group is hooked on the clip frame, and the other end is hooked on the middle clip. When working, the oil cylinder Drive the clip to do the clamping action.

The outstanding advantages of the present utility model are:

1. The hydraulic motor of the pulling mechanism only needs to rotate in one direction, and the pulling and reset actions can be realized every one rotation. Therefore, the pulling mechanism has high flexibility and can realize rapid and continuous pulling of cassava roots.

2. Simple structure and wide application range, especially suitable for harvesting cassava roots planted in clay.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the vibrating digging type cassava harvester described in the utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the suspension frame structure of the vibrating digging and pulling type cassava harvester described in the utility model.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the vibrating digging type cassava harvester described in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the pulling mechanism of the vibrating digging and pulling cassava harvester described in the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the vibrating parts of the vibrating mechanism of the vibrating digging and pulling cassava harvester described in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the guide part of the vibrating mechanism of the vibrating digging cassava harvester described in the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the vibrating digging cassava harvester described in the present invention.

The marks in the figure are: longitudinal bar 1, rear hinge point 2, front upper hinge point 3, cylindrical pin 4, inclined bar 5, cross bar 6, U-shaped bolt 7, front lower hinge point 8, shovel column 9, subsoiling shovel 10. Right forearm 11, front lower hanging shaft 12, second hydraulic motor 13, horizontal plate 14, coupling 15, camshaft 16, clip group 17, frame 18, clip frame 19, lower link 20, upper link 21. Second spring group 22, oil cylinder 23, rear lower hanging shaft 24, right rear arm 25, connecting rod 26, rear support wheel 27, support wheel shaft 28, longitudinal beam 29, reinforcing rib 30, vertical beam 31, motor base 32 , crank 33, first hydraulic motor 34, left rear arm 35, rear upper hanging shaft 36, bearing seat 37, lower guide sleeve group 38, upper guide sleeve group 39, steel chain lug 40, left forearm 41, front Upper hanging shaft 42, double row angular contact ball bearing 43, steel chain 44, steel chain hanging pin 45, cam A, friction plate B, first spring group C, bolt with holes D, middle clip E.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present utility model will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Referring to Fig. 1, a vibration digging and pulling type cassava harvester includes a frame, a suspension frame, a root pulling device, a digging shovel and an electro-hydraulic control device. Frame is made up of beam frame, rear support wheel 27, and rear support wheel 27 is installed on the support wheel axle 28 of beam frame by bearing, and frame and suspension frame are hinged with cylindrical pin 4, limit frame relative suspension frame with steel chain 44 longitudinal displacement. The root root pulling device is composed of a pulling mechanism, a vibration mechanism and a clamping mechanism. The pulling mechanism is installed on the frame through bolts and double-row angular contact ball bearings 43, and the vibration mechanism is installed on the horizontal plate 14 of the pulling mechanism through bolts. , the clamping mechanism is welded under the frame 18 of the vibration mechanism. Digging shovel is made up of subsoiling shovel 10 and shovel column 9, is fixed on the below of suspension frame cross bar 6 with U-bolt 7, and the spacing of shovel column is the width of cassava ridge. The electro-hydraulic control device is composed of sensors, single-chip microcomputers, A/D, electro-hydraulic servo valves, and D/A. Its main components are fixedly installed in the box, and the box is fixedly installed on the tractor. It controls the speed and law of the hydraulic motor during operation. Control the action of oil cylinder 23 simultaneously. The whole machine is connected with the tractor suspension device at three points through the suspension frame.

1 and 2, the suspension frame is a triangular structure weldment, which is composed of cross bar 6, longitudinal bar 1, oblique bar 5, steel chain pin 45, front upper hinge point 3, front lower hinge point 8 and rear hinge Composed of points 2, they are welded to form the hanger.

1 and 3, the beam frame is composed of vertical beams 31, longitudinal beams 29, front upper hanging shafts 42, rear upper hanging shafts 36, supporting wheel shafts 28, steel chain lugs 40, motor bases 32, and reinforcing ribs 30. The longitudinal beam 29 and the vertical beam 31 are perpendicular to each other and in the same plane, the longitudinal beam 29 is welded on the rear of the vertical beam 31, the upper hanging shaft 42 and the rear upper hanging shaft 36 all pass through the vertical beam 31 and are welded on the vertical beam 31 , the support axle 28 passes through the longitudinal beam 29 and is welded on the longitudinal beam 29, the steel chain lug 40 is welded on the vertical beam 31, the motor base 32 is welded on one side of the vertical beam 31, and between the vertical beam 31 and the longitudinal beam 29 , the longitudinal beam 29 and the supporting wheel shaft 28 are welded with reinforcing ribs.

With reference to Fig. 1, 4, described pull-up mechanism comprises left forearm 41, right forearm 11, left rear arm 35, right rear arm 25, connecting rod 26, crank 33, front lower hanging shaft 12, rear lower hanging shaft 24, horizontal Plate 14, first hydraulic motor 34, double-row angular contact ball bearing 43, one end of left forearm 41 and right forearm 11 is connected to the front upper hanging shaft 42 through double-row angular contact ball bearing, the other end of left forearm 41 and right forearm 11 Be connected on the front lower hanging shaft 12 by double row angular contact ball bearings, the left rear arm 35 and the right rear arm 25 one ends are connected on the rear upper hanging shaft 36 by double row angular contact ball bearings, the left rear arm 35 and the right rear arm The other end of 25 is connected to the rear lower hanging shaft 24 through a double row angular contact ball bearing, one end of the connecting rod 26 is connected to the rear lower hanging shaft 24 through a double row angular contact ball bearing, and the other end of the connecting rod 26 is connected to the rear lower hanging shaft 24 through a double row angular contact ball bearing. The bearing is connected to the crank 33, the crank 33 is splined to the output shaft of the first hydraulic motor 34, the front lower hanging shaft 12 and the rear lower hanging shaft 24 are welded on the horizontal plate 14, and the first hydraulic motor 34 is installed on the motor base by bolts 32 on.

With reference to Fig. 1, 5, 6, described vibration mechanism is made up of second hydraulic motor 13, shaft coupling 15, bearing block 37, camshaft 16, cam A, friction plate B, upper guide sleeve group 39, lower guide sleeve Group 38, the first spring group C, and frame 18, the friction plate B and the upper guide sleeve group 39 are fixed on the frame 18 by bolts, and the lower guide sleeve group 38, the second hydraulic motor 13, and the bearing seat 37 are fixed by bolts Installed on the horizontal plate 14 of the pull-up mechanism, the upper and lower guide sleeves are installed together, the first spring group C is placed in the guide sleeve group, one end of the first spring group C is hooked on the bolt D with holes, and the other end is hooked on On the horizontal plate 14 , the cam A is spline connected with the camshaft 16 , one end of the camshaft 16 is connected with the output shaft of the second hydraulic motor 13 through a coupling 15 , and the other end is installed on the bearing seat 37 . During operation, the second hydraulic motor 13 drives the cam A to rotate at a required frequency, and the frame 18 and the clamping mechanism vibrate up and down along with the rotation of the cam A.

1 and 7, the clamping mechanism is composed of a clip frame 19, an upper linkage rod 21, a lower linkage rod 20, a clip set 17, a second spring set 22, and an oil cylinder 23. The upper part of the clip frame 19 is welded to the lower part of the frame 18, The lower part of the clip frame 19 is connected with the clip group 17 through a cylindrical pin, and the clip group 17 can rotate relative to the clip frame 19. The oil cylinder 23 is connected with the middle clip E of the clip group 17 through a cylindrical pin, and the upper and lower linkage rods are connected with the clip group 17 through a cylindrical pin. The second spring group 22 is hooked between the middle clip E and the clip frame 19, and the oil cylinder 23 drives the clip group 17 to perform clamping action during work.

The working principle of the described vibration digging and pulling type cassava harvester is:

Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, before the cassava root harvester works, first cut off the cassava stalks and keep the 20-40cm long stalks. When the cassava harvester is working, the harvester moves forward under the traction of the tractor, and the digging shovel is inserted into the soil to plow and loosen the soil. The electro-hydraulic control device obtains the speed signal of the harvester through the sensor. When the cassava stalk enters the clamping range of the clamp group 17, the electro-hydraulic control device also obtains the corresponding signal through the sensor. After analyzing and processing the obtained signal, the electro-hydraulic control device A control command is issued to control the first hydraulic motor 34, the second hydraulic motor 13 and the oil cylinder 23 to work according to a certain rule. The oil cylinder 23 drives the clamp group 17 to clamp the cassava stalk; the first hydraulic motor 34 drives the crank 33 to rotate, and the crank 33 drives the horizontal plate 14, the vibration mechanism and the clamping mechanism to move backward and upward through the connecting rod 26; the second hydraulic motor 13 Drive cam A rotates, and the clamping mechanism that is connected together with frame 18 vibrates up and down, and cassava tuber is pulled up relatively vertically by certain pull-up speed rule and shaking rule. When the horizontal plate 14 rose to the highest point, the vibrating mechanism stopped working, and the clamping mechanism unclamped the cassava, and the crank 33 continued to rotate to drive the pulling mechanism to reset, and the oil cylinder 23 drove the clip group 17 to reset, which completed a working cycle. Repeatedly, the harvesting of cassava roots is completed.

Claims (4)

1. A vibration digging and pulling type cassava harvester, comprising a clamping mechanism consisting of a clip frame, an upper linkage rod, a lower linkage rod, a clip group, a second spring group and an oil cylinder, the upper part of the clip frame is welded to the lower part of the frame, and the clip frame The lower part is connected with the clip group through a cylindrical pin, the clip group can rotate relative to the clip frame, the oil cylinder is connected with the middle clip of the clip group through a cylindrical pin, the upper and lower linkage rods are connected with the clip group through a cylindrical pin, and one end of the second spring group is hooked on the clip frame , the other end is hooked on the middle clip, and it is characterized in that it also includes a frame, a suspension frame, a root pulling device, an excavating shovel and an electro-hydraulic control device; the frame and the suspension frame are hinged, and steel chains are used to limit the frame relative to the suspension frame The longitudinal displacement; the frame is composed of a beam frame and a rear support wheel, and the rear support wheel is installed on the support wheel shaft of the beam frame through a bearing. The bolts and bearings are installed on the frame, the vibrating mechanism is installed on the horizontal plate of the pulling mechanism through bolts, and the clamping mechanism is welded under the frame of the vibrating mechanism; the excavating shovel is composed of a subsoiling shovel and a shovel column, which are fixed with U-shaped bolts Below the crossbar of the suspension frame; the electro-hydraulic control device is composed of sensors, single-chip microcomputers, A/D, electro-hydraulic servo valves, and D/A. The electro-hydraulic control device is installed in the box, and the box is fixedly installed on the tractor; the whole machine Three-point connection with the tractor hitch through the hanger. 2. The vibration digging type cassava harvester according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the suspension frame is a triangular structure weldment, which is composed of a cross bar, a vertical bar, a diagonal bar, a steel chain hanging pin, and a front upper hinge point. , the front lower hinge point and the rear hinge point, which are welded to form the suspension frame. 3. The vibrating digging type cassava harvester according to claim 1, wherein the beam frame is composed of vertical beams, longitudinal beams, front upper hanging shafts, rear upper hanging shafts, supporting wheel shafts, steel chain lugs, Composed of motor base and reinforcement ribs, the longitudinal beam and the vertical beam are perpendicular to each other and in the same plane, the longitudinal beam is welded behind the vertical beam, the front upper hanging shaft and the rear upper hanging shaft pass through the vertical beam and are welded on the vertical beam, The supporting axle passes through the longitudinal beam and is welded on the longitudinal beam, the steel chain lug is welded on the vertical beam, the motor base is welded on one side of the vertical beam, and there are reinforcements welded between the vertical beam and the longitudinal beam, and between the longitudinal beam and the supporting wheel axle ribs. 4. The vibrating digging and pulling type cassava harvester according to claim 1, wherein the pulling mechanism comprises a left forearm, a right forearm, a left rear arm, a right rear arm, a connecting rod, a crank, and a front lower hanging shaft , rear lower hanging shaft, horizontal plate, first hydraulic motor and double-row angular contact ball bearings, one end of the left forearm and right forearm is connected to the front upper hanging shaft through double-row angular contact ball bearings, and the other end of the left forearm and right forearm is through Double-row angular contact ball bearings are connected to the front lower hanging shaft, one end of the left and right rear arms is connected to the rear upper hanging shaft through double-row angular contact ball bearings, and the other ends of the left and right rear arms are connected through double-row angular contact ball bearings. The contact ball bearing is connected to the rear lower hanging shaft, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the rear lower hanging shaft through a double-row angular contact ball bearing, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the crank through a double-row angular contact ball bearing. The crank and the first hydraulic pressure The motor output shaft is splined, the front lower hanging shaft and the rear lower hanging shaft are welded on the horizontal plate, and the first hydraulic motor is installed on the motor base through bolts.