CN203661659U - Device for adjusting sieve piece opening degree of cleaning sieve of combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is a device for adjusting the opening of the cleaning sieve of a combine harvester. The utility model is mainly composed of a cleaning sieve frame, a shaking plate, a cleaning sieve assembly, a tail sieve, and a grain cleaning loss monitoring sensor. , the shaking plate, the cleaning screen assembly and the tail screen are fixed on the cleaning screen frame in sequence from front to back, and the grain cleaning loss monitoring sensor is installed at the tail end of the cleaning screen frame. When the combine harvester is working, the loss monitored by the grain cleaning loss monitoring sensor is used as the sampling information, and according to the established mathematical model between the grain cleaning loss and the opening of the cleaning sieve, the opening of the cleaning sieve is passed through the opening of the cleaning sieve. The degree adjustment structure can adjust the opening degree of the fish scale sieve in real time, so that the cleaning loss of the combine harvester can be controlled within the specified range. The utility model is not only beneficial to improving the intelligent level of harvesting machinery in our country, but also beneficial to improving the operation efficiency and operation quality of machines and tools, and has broad theoretical significance and application prospects.

Description

A device for adjusting the opening of the cleaning sieve of a combine harvester

technical field

The invention relates to a device for adjusting the opening of a cleaning sieve of a combine harvester, and belongs to the fields of the design of a grain cleaning sieve for a combine harvester and the intelligent control of the combine harvester.

Background technique

In order to improve the cleaning efficiency of harvesting machinery, domestic scholars have actively carried out research on cleaning sieves for harvesting machinery. For example, the cleaning upper sieve involved in the patent (CN1817082) adopts a longitudinal segmented combination structure. According to different cleaning materials, there is a combination of a woven sieve and a fish-scale sieve or a combination of a punching sieve and a fish-scale sieve. The front part of the patent (CN200938776) adopts a long-waisted punching screen in the front part of the middle and upper screen, which is arranged in a staggered manner, has a better screening area, and speeds up the screening efficiency of rapeseed; Pod shells and broken stems are expelled from the machine, and the length ratio of the two sections is 1.2. These two cleaning devices adopt a combined upper sieve structure. The angle of the fish scale sieve is fixed and cannot be adjusted according to the current harvesting situation, which may cause problems such as low grain cleaning rate and large cleaning loss.

Efficient and intelligent is the main direction of the development of international advanced combine harvesters. On foreign advanced combine harvesters, electronic information technology has been widely used, which can obtain parameters such as instantaneous grain flow rate, moisture content, vehicle speed, header height and width, and grain transmission speed after threshing, and then use information fusion processing technology, Automatically adjust various working parameters according to the operation quality of the combine harvester, while improving production efficiency, control the loss rate within the specified range, reduce the failure rate, improve the trouble-free working time of the whole machine, and continuously research new monitoring technologies and equipment. Compared with these advanced technologies, there is still a relatively large gap in the overall automation level of combine harvesters in my country, which has seriously restricted the development of harvesting mechanization. The country has also paid more and more attention to this problem and actively carried out scientific research. The test found that the opening of the cleaning sieve is one of the key factors affecting the performance of the cleaning device (such as grain cleanliness, grain loss, etc.). Based on the experience of field workers, that is, to adjust the opening of the sieve after observing the degree of loss of ground grain cleaning, it can be seen that the angle of the sieve cannot be adjusted in time with this method, resulting in increased cleaning losses; according to the current loss situation Carrying out real-time adjustment can not be adjusted in real time according to the current loss situation, and the device for automatically adjusting the opening of the fish scale sieve has not been reported.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the problem of excessive cleaning loss due to inappropriate sieve opening of the cleaning device and untimely adjustment of the sieve opening when the combine harvester operates in the field, and the process of adjusting the sieve opening is cumbersome and time-consuming. To solve the problem, a device for adjusting the opening of the cleaning sieve of the combine harvester was invented.

The adjusting device for the opening of the cleaning sieve of the combine harvester of the present invention is composed of a cleaning sieve frame 2, a shaking plate 1, a cleaning sieve assembly 3, a tailing sieve 4, and a grain cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5. The shaking plate 1, the cleaning screen assembly 3 and the tail screen 4 are sequentially fixed on the cleaning screen frame 2 according to the order from front to back, and the grain cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5 is installed at the tail end of the cleaning screen frame 2;

The cleaning screen assembly 3 is composed of a screen frame plate 301, a connecting rod 302, a connecting pin 303, an active screen 304, a driven screen 305, a connecting ear 306, a push-pull rod 307, an adjustment handle 308, and an electric push rod 309. , the connecting pin 303 is a U-shaped structure with unequal lengths on both sides. The U-shaped long end is connected to the screen frame plate 301, and the short end is connected to the connecting rod 302; The sieve 304 is connected to the push-pull rod 307 through the connecting ear 306; the adjustment handle 308 is a fan-shaped structure, the tail end of the fan is connected to the electric push rod 309, the fan end is connected to the push-pull rod 307, and the adjustment handle 308 is connected to the screen frame plate 301 through a rotating shaft , the electric push rod 309 drives the tail end of the adjusting handle 308 to reciprocate, thereby driving the adjusting handle 308 to rotate.

The structural form of the active screen 304 and the driven screen 305 is a louver screen or a scale screen.

When the combine harvester is working, the grain loss monitored by the grain cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5 is used as the input signal, and the cleaning sieve is adjusted in real time according to the established mathematical model between the grain cleaning loss and the opening of the cleaning sieve. The opening degree of the combine harvester can control the grain cleaning loss within the specified range.

台架的主要结构参数与相应联合收割机清选装置相同。The mathematical model between the loss mass of the grains of the combine harvester and the opening of the cleaning sieve is based on the wind screen type cleaning device test bench with the rice or wheat just harvested in the field as the material, and the rated feeding amount of the combine harvester Carry out the separation and cleaning test _under different fish scale sieve opening degrees K , manually select all the cleaning loss grains discharged through the tail sieve 4, weigh them with an electronic balance, repeat the test 3 times under the same structural parameters, and take The average value of the grain cleaning loss quality Q _i is obtained, and then through nonlinear regression analysis, it is obtained

The main structural parameters of the bench are the same as those of the corresponding combine harvester cleaning device.

（宽度×长度）的矩形网格化小区域，其中，d为尾筛宽度，l为清选室排出物分布区域长度，m为沿尾筛宽度方向分布的矩形网格化小区域的数量，n为沿清选室排出物收集区域长度方向的矩形网格化小区域的个数，收集各个小区域内的籽粒和杂余，人工清选出各个小区域内包含的籽粒，并分别用电子天平称重，相同结构参数下试验重复3次，取平均值，经过计算得到每个矩形网格化小区域内损失籽粒质量占总籽粒损失的质量百分数。设第(i,j)个料盒中的籽粒质量为m_ij，损失籽粒总质量为

则第(i,j)个料盒中的损失籽粒质量比例为d_ij：

The mathematical model between the grain cleaning loss and the grain volume in the monitoring area monitored by the grain loss monitoring sensor 5 is also established through a bench test on the air screen type cleaning device test bench using freshly harvested rice or wheat as materials in the field. The method is as follows: under the rated feeding amount of the combine harvester, the threshing separation and cleaning test is carried out with different cleaning fan speeds V _i (i=1, 2, 3...), and the grains discharged from the tail screen 4 and the The residual drop interval is divided into dimensions of

(width×length) small rectangular grid area, where d is the width of the tail screen, l is the length of the discharge distribution area of the cleaning chamber, m is the number of small rectangular grid areas distributed along the width direction of the tail screen, n is the number of rectangular gridded small areas along the length direction of the discharge collection area of the cleaning chamber. The grains and debris in each small area are collected, and the grains contained in each small area are manually selected, and weighed with an electronic balance. Weight, the experiment was repeated 3 times under the same structural parameters, and the average value was taken, and the mass percentage of the lost grain mass in each rectangular gridded small area to the total grain loss was obtained through calculation. Suppose the mass of grains in the (i,j)th material box is m _ij , and the total mass of lost grains is

Then the proportion of lost grain mass in the (i,j)th material box is d _ij :

将沿X轴正向的各行料盒内籽粒质量比例分别累加，计算得到沿Y轴正向分布的籽粒质量比例d_i.即

运用秩和检验法对不同风机转速下，每个料盒内损失籽粒的质量百分数沿料盒X轴方向与Y轴方向的分布规律进行假设检验，发现不同风机转速下，每个料盒内损失籽粒的质量百分数沿料盒纵向方向与横向方向的分布规律无显著性差异，即风机转速对损失籽粒在尾筛后部的分布规律无影响。Taking the width direction of the tail screen 4 as the Y axis, taking the length direction of the discharge distribution area of the cleaning chamber as the X axis, and the intersection point between the width direction of the tail screen 4 and the length direction of the discharge distribution area of the cleaning chamber as the origin 0, a rectangular coordinate system is established; Accumulate the mass proportions of grains in each row of boxes along the Y axis, and calculate the mass proportion d _.j of grains along the X axis within the distribution range of grain cleaning losses, namely

Accumulate the grain mass proportions in each row of material boxes along the positive direction of the X-axis, and calculate the mass proportion d _{i of grains distributed along the positive direction of the Y-axis.}

The rank sum test method was used to test the hypothesis of the distribution of the mass percentage of lost grains in each material box along the X-axis and Y-axis directions of the material box at different fan speeds. It was found that the loss in each material box was There is no significant difference in the distribution law of the mass percentage of grains along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the material box, that is, the fan speed has no effect on the distribution law of the lost grains at the rear of the tail screen.

Non-linear data fitting is performed on the grain mass proportion distributed along the Y axis and the grain mass proportion distributed along the X axis to obtain the distribution mathematical model of the cleaning loss grain along the width direction (X axis) of the tail sieve 4, respectively, s _f =8.06e ^-y/8.8689 -7.95427 (0≤x≤d); the distribution mathematical model along the length direction (Y axis) of the discharge distribution area of the cleaning chamber s _r =0.99411(1-e ^{-4.92728(x- 0.06365)} ) (0≤x≤l); then the proportion coefficient of the grain amount in the monitoring area to the total grain cleaning loss is $u={\mathrm{the\; s}}_f\left(x\right){|}_{x_0-a/2}^{x_0+a/2}\×{\mathrm{the\; s}}_r\left(\mathrm{the\; y}\right){|}_0^b(0\≤x\≤d,0\≤\mathrm{the\; y}\≤l),$ Among them, x ₀ and y ₀ are the installation positions of the grain loss monitoring sensor, and a and b are the length and width of the monitoring area. Furthermore, the mathematical model between the grain quantity Q _j in the monitoring area and the total cleaning loss Q _Z is established as Q _j =Q _Z ×u (0≤x≤d, 0≤y≤l).

及Q_i=Q_Z3个数学模型，就能得到籽粒损失监测传感器5的监测量Q_j与清选筛片开度K之间的关系。Simultaneously Q _j =Q _Z ×u (0≤x≤d, 0≤y≤l),

and Q _i =Q _Z 3 mathematical models, the relationship between the monitoring quantity Q _j of the grain loss monitoring sensor 5 and the opening K of the cleaning sieve can be obtained.

The effect obtained by the present invention: the device of the present invention uses the amount of grain cleaning loss monitored by the grain loss monitoring sensor as the sampling information, takes the opening of the cleaning sieve as the controlled object, and performs feedback adjustment on the opening of the sieve, Keep the grain loss of the combine harvester in the operation engineering at a minimum. The invention is not only beneficial to improving the intelligence level of harvesting machinery in my country, but also beneficial to ensuring the operation quality and improving the operation efficiency of machines and tools, and has theoretical significance and broad application prospects.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Figure 1 is a top view of the structure of the combine harvester cleaning screen.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the adjusting mechanism of the cleaning sieve.

Fig. 3 is a front view of the active screen of the cleaning screen.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the driven sieve of the cleaning sieve.

In the figure: 1. shaking plate, 2. cleaning sieve assembly, 4. tail sieve, 5. grain cleaning loss monitoring sensor, 6. cleaning sieve frame, 301, sieve frame plate, 302, connecting rod, 303, Connecting pin, 304, active sieve, 305, driven sieve, 306, connecting ear, 307, push-pull rod, 308, adjustment handle, 309, electric push rod.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the adjusting device for the opening of the cleaning sieve of the combine harvester of the present invention consists of a shaking plate 1, a cleaning sieve frame 2, a cleaning sieve assembly 3, a tail sieve 4, and grain cleaning. The loss monitoring sensor 5 is composed of the shaker plate 1, the cleaning sieve assembly 3 and the tail sieve 4 which are sequentially fixed on the cleaning sieve frame in order from front to back, and the grain cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5 is installed on the cleaning sieve The tail end of the frame 2; the cleaning screen frame 2 is installed in the cleaning room of the combine harvester according to the direction that the shaking plate 1 is in front.

The cleaning screen assembly 3 is composed of a screen frame plate 301, a connecting rod 302, a connecting pin 303, an active screen 304, a driven screen 305, a connecting ear 306, a push-pull rod 307, an adjustment handle 308, and an electric push rod 309. Composition, the connecting pin 303 is a U-shaped structure with unequal lengths on both sides, the U-shaped long end is connected to the screen frame plate 301, and the short end is connected to the connecting rod 302, as shown in Figure 2, forming an opening away from the active screen 304 and the driven screen. 305 location.

Both the active sieve 304 and the driven sieve 305 are connected to the connecting rod 302. When the angle of the active sieve 304 rotates, the connecting rod 302 will drive the driven sieve 305 to rotate synchronously; the active sieve 304 is connected The ear 306 is connected with the push-pull rod 307; the adjustment handle 308 is a fan-shaped structure, the tail end of the fan is connected with the electric push rod 309, the fan end is connected with the push-pull rod 307, and the adjustment handle 308 is connected to the screen frame plate 301 through a rotating shaft. The push rod 309 can drive the fan tail end of the adjustment handle 308 to reciprocate, thereby driving the adjustment handle 308 to rotate.

The working principle of the cleaning screen assembly 2 is that when the electric push rod 309 drives the tail end of the adjustment handle 308 to move, since the adjustment handle 308 has a fan-shaped structure, and the adjustment handle 308 is provided with a rotating shaft connected to the screen frame plate 301, the tail end The linear displacement is transformed into the circular movement of the fan end of the adjustment handle 308 through the rotating shaft, thereby driving the push-pull rod 307 connected to the fan end to move, and the push-pull rod 307 drives the active screen 304 through the connecting ear 306, thereby forming the active screen 304 and the driven screen 304. The overall movement of the sieve 305 realizes the function of adjusting the opening of the cleaning sieve assembly 3 .

台架的主要结构参数与相应联合收割机清选装置相同。The mathematical model between the loss mass of the grains of the combine harvester and the opening of the cleaning sieve is based on the wind screen type cleaning device test bench with the rice or wheat just harvested in the field as the material, and the rated feeding amount of the combine harvester Carry out the separation and cleaning test _under different fish scale sieve opening degrees K , manually select all the cleaning loss grains discharged through the tail sieve 4, weigh them with an electronic balance, repeat the test 3 times under the same structural parameters, and take The average value of the grain cleaning loss quality Q _i is obtained, and then through nonlinear regression analysis, it is obtained

The main structural parameters of the bench are the same as those of the corresponding combine harvester cleaning device.

（宽度×长度）的矩形网格化小区域，其中，d为尾筛宽度，l为清选室排出物分布区域长度，m为沿尾筛宽度方向分布的矩形网格化小区域的数量，n为沿清选室排出物收集区域长度方向的矩形网格化小区域的个数，收集各个小区域内的籽粒和杂余，人工清选出各个小区域内包含的籽粒，并分别用电子天平称重，相同结构参数下试验重复3次，取平均值，经过计算得到每个矩形网格化小区域内损失籽粒质量占总籽粒损失的质量百分数。设第(i,j)个料盒中的籽粒质量为m_ij，损失籽粒总质量为

则第(i,j)个料盒中的损失籽粒质量比例为d_ij：

The mathematical model between the grain cleaning loss and the grain volume in the monitoring area monitored by the grain loss monitoring sensor 5 is also established through a bench test on the air screen type cleaning device test bench using freshly harvested rice or wheat as materials in the field. The method is as follows: under the rated feeding amount of the combine harvester, the threshing separation and cleaning test is carried out with different cleaning fan speeds V _i (i=1, 2, 3...), and the grains discharged from the tail screen 4 and the The residual drop interval is divided into dimensions of

(width×length) small rectangular grid area, where d is the width of the tail screen, l is the length of the discharge distribution area of the cleaning chamber, m is the number of small rectangular grid areas distributed along the width direction of the tail screen, n is the number of rectangular gridded small areas along the length direction of the discharge collection area of the cleaning chamber. The grains and debris in each small area are collected, and the grains contained in each small area are manually selected, and weighed with an electronic balance. Weight, the experiment was repeated 3 times under the same structural parameters, and the average value was taken, and the mass percentage of the lost grain mass in each rectangular gridded small area to the total grain loss was obtained through calculation. Suppose the mass of grains in the (i,j)th material box is m _ij , and the total mass of lost grains is

Then the proportion of lost grain mass in the (i,j)th material box is d _ij :

将沿X轴正向的各行料盒内籽粒质量比例分别累加，计算得到沿Y轴正向分布的籽粒质量比例d_i.即

运用秩和检验法对不同风机转速下，每个料盒内损失籽粒的质量百分数沿料盒X轴方向与Y轴方向的分布规律进行假设检验，发现不同风机转速下，每个料盒内损失籽粒的质量百分数沿料盒纵向方向与横向方向的分布规律无显著性差异，即风机转速对损失籽粒在尾筛后部的分布规律无影响。Taking the width direction of the tail screen 4 as the Y axis, taking the length direction of the discharge distribution area of the cleaning chamber as the X axis, and the intersection point between the width direction of the tail screen 4 and the length direction of the discharge distribution area of the cleaning chamber as the origin 0, a rectangular coordinate system is established; Accumulate the mass proportions of grains in each row of boxes along the Y axis, and calculate the mass proportion d _.j of grains along the X axis within the distribution range of grain cleaning losses, namely

Accumulate the grain mass proportions in each row of material boxes along the positive direction of the X-axis, and calculate the mass proportion d _{i of grains distributed along the positive direction of the Y-axis.}

The rank sum test method was used to test the hypothesis of the distribution of the mass percentage of lost grains in each material box along the X-axis and Y-axis directions of the material box at different fan speeds. It was found that the loss in each material box was There is no significant difference in the distribution law of the mass percentage of grains along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the material box, that is, the fan speed has no effect on the distribution law of the lost grains at the rear of the tail screen.

Non-linear data fitting is performed on the grain mass proportion distributed along the Y axis and the grain mass proportion distributed along the X axis to obtain the distribution mathematical model of the cleaning loss grain along the width direction (X axis) of the tail sieve 4, respectively, s _f =8.06e ^-y/8.8689 -7.95427 (0≤x≤d); the distribution mathematical model along the length direction (Y axis) of the discharge distribution area of the cleaning chamber s _r =0.99411(1-e ^{-4.92728(x- 0.06365)} ) (0≤x≤l); then the proportion coefficient of the grain amount in the monitoring area to the total grain cleaning loss is $u={\mathrm{the\; s}}_f{|}_{x_0-a/2}^{x_0+a/2}\×{\mathrm{the\; s}}_r\left(\mathrm{the\; y}\right){|}_0^b(0\≤x\≤d,0\≤\mathrm{the\; y}\≤l),$ Among them, x ₀ and y ₀ are the installation positions of the grain loss monitoring sensor, and a and b are the length and width of the monitoring area. Furthermore, the mathematical model between the grain quantity Q _j in the monitoring area and the total cleaning loss Q _Z is established as Q _j =Q _Z ×u (0≤x≤d, 0≤y≤l).

与Q_j=Q_i3个数学模型，就能得到籽粒损失监测传感器5的监测量Q_j与清选筛片开度K之间的关系。Simultaneously Q _j =Q _Z ×u (0≤x≤d, 0≤y≤l),

With _Qj = _Qi3 mathematical models, the relationship between the monitoring quantity _Qj of the grain loss monitoring sensor 5 and the opening K of the cleaning sieve can be obtained.

Determine the monitoring quantity Q _j of the appropriate grain loss monitoring sensor (5), obtain the corresponding opening K _i of the cleaning sieve according to the formula obtained in step 3, and adjust the opening of the cleaning sieve.

The structural forms of the active screen 304 and the driven screen 305 are shutter screens or scale screens.

Claims (2)

1. the adjusting device of a combined harvester sorting screen sieve aperture, it is characterized in that: by cleaning screen frame (2), shuttle board (1), cleaning sieve sheet assembly (3), tail sheet (4), seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor (5) composition, described shuttle board (1), cleaning sieve sheet assembly (3) and tail sheet (4) are fixed on successively and clean screen frame (2) above according to the order by after forward direction, and seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor (5) is arranged on the tail end of cleaning screen frame (2);

Described cleaning sieve sheet assembly (3) is made up of screen frame plate (301), connecting rod (302), connecting pin (303), active sieve (304), driven sieve (305), engaging lug (306), pull bar (307), release handle (308), electric pushrod (309), connecting pin (303) is the unequal U-shaped structure of two edge lengths, U-shaped long end connects screen frame plate (301), and short end connects connecting rod (302); Initiatively sieve (304) and driven sieve (305) are all connected to connecting rod (302) above, and initiatively sieve (304) is connected with pull bar (307) by engaging lug (306); Described release handle (308) is sector structure, fantail end connects electric pushrod (309), covering of the fan end connects pull bar (307), release handle (308) is connected to screen frame plate (301) by rotating shaft, described electric pushrod (309) drives the fantail end of release handle (308) to move back and forth, thereby drives release handle (308) rotation.

2. the adjusting device of combined harvester sorting screen sieve aperture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the version of described active sieve (304), driven sieve (305) is shutter sieve or lip(ped) sieve.

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