CN203425348U - Ventilatory mask capable of adjusting positive pressure of expiration along with body position change - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a ventilating mask for adjusting the positive exhalation pressure according to body position changes, which comprises a mask body, at least one inhalation port and at least one exhalation port are arranged on the mask body, and a one-way air intake is arranged at the inhalation port There is a one-way pressure-adjustable outlet valve at the exhalation port, and the one-way inlet valve and one-way pressure-adjustable outlet valve are all located outside the mask body; there is also a body position adjustment device on the mask body, which Including the air outlet, the air outlet is located in the center of the mask body, there is a one-way valve on both sides of the air outlet, there is a raceway under the one-way valve, and steel balls are arranged in the raceway, and the two ends of the raceway are not equal in height: close to the one-way valve One end of the directional valve is higher than the end away from the one-way valve. The ventilating mask of the utility model, which adjusts the positive expiratory pressure according to body position changes, has an excellent effect on obstructive sleep apnea, and its effectiveness is similar to that of continuous positive pressure ventilation, but its tolerance is higher than that of the latter; Sexual sleep apnea has good results.

Description

A ventilation mask that adjusts positive expiratory pressure with body position changes

technical field

The utility model relates to a ventilating mask for adjusting the positive pressure of exhalation according to body position changes.

Background technique

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a very common disorder characterized by partial or total collapse of the upper airway during sleep, leading to sleep-related breathing disturbances. Severe OSAHS can cause serious harm: cardiovascular adverse events, daytime sleepiness, glucose metabolism disturbance, and even suffocation. The prevalence of OSAHS reported abroad is 2% to 4%, and they all increase with age. Domestic data show that the prevalence rate in Hong Kong (30-60 years old) is 4.1% for men and 2.1% for women. The prevalence rate in Shanghai (>30 years old) is 3.6%. Based on this, it is estimated that there are at least 20 million OSAHS patients older than 30 years old in my country.

OSAHS has been identified as an independent risk factor for hypertension in addition to factors such as obesity, heredity, and smoking. There is not only a correlation between OSAHS and hypertension, but also a causal relationship. Epidemiological research results show that the prevalence of OSAHS in hypertensive patients is about 30% to 50%, the prevalence of hypertension in OSAHS patients is 50% to 80%, and the prevalence of hypertension in the general population is usually 10% to 20%. . Most of the hypertension caused by OSAHS is refractory hypertension, and the effect of simple drug treatment is poor. If the correct treatment strategy (drug therapy + CPAP, etc.) is adopted, satisfactory results can be received. Common hypertensive patients (those not caused by OSAHS) were mostly dippers, while 69.4% of hypertensive patients caused by moderate or severe OSAHS were non-dippers. First, elevated blood pressure mostly occurs at night and early in the morning. It is difficult to detect abnormal blood pressure without 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. Therefore, it is hidden and difficult to detect early. Second, non-dipper hypertension is more prone to left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Its mortality rate is 4.5 times that of dipper hypertension.

A survey in Japan found that the relative risk ratio of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in OSAHS patients was 1.2 to 6.9 times that of the general population, 35% to 40% of IHD patients had AHI ≥ 10 times/hour, and 23.8% of OSHAS patients at the same time have IHD. 50% of patients with severe OSAHS suffer from coronary heart disease, and nearly 30% of OSAHS patients experience myocardial ischemia during nighttime sleep, especially during REM sleep. PekerP et al showed that patients with OSAHS had significantly higher rates of death from myocardial infarction and stroke (37.5%) than the control group (no OSAHS, 9.3%) during the 5-year follow-up period. Bradycardia occurs in 80% of OSAHS patients, and the incidence of ventricular premature beats ranges from 57% to 74%. Second-degree atrioventricular block can occur in more than 10% of patients. Frequent premature beats can occur when SaO ₂ <60%. According to a report from Union Medical College Hospital, 56.2% of 146 patients with OSAHS developed arrhythmias, including premature beats, tachycardia, and atrioventricular block. 40% to 60% of CHF patients are combined with sleep-disordered breathing. Mainly central sleep apnea.

OSAHS is closely related to diabetes, especially insulin resistance. After taking effective measures to treat OSAHS, the efficacy of insulin in diabetic patients is significantly improved. Therefore, it is believed that OSAHS may be the main cause of insulin resistance. OSAHS is also a high risk factor for asymptomatic proteinuria, especially in people with hypertension and diabetes.

At present, the main treatment measures include surgery, oral appliances, and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. The most commonly used surgical procedures: Uvulopalato-pharyngoplasty (UPPP) and its modified operations are commonly used for upper airway oropharyngeal obstruction (including hypertrophy of pharyngeal mucosal tissue, narrow pharyngeal cavity, and uvulopalatosis) , soft palate is too low, tonsil hypertrophy) and AHI<20 times/hour. However, it is easy to relapse after operation, and the trauma is relatively large, and the cost is high. Oral appliances are often used in patients with simple snoring and mild OSAHS (AHI<15 times/hour), especially those with mandibular retraction. For those who cannot tolerate CPAP, who cannot undergo surgery or who have poor surgical results, it can be tried, but the effectiveness is low. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can provide a physiological pressure to support the upper airway and ensure the opening of the upper airway during sleep. But it has the following disadvantages:

1. The price is expensive, and it is not easy to be widely used in developing countries.

2. The instrument is bulky and inconvenient to carry, especially for people who travel frequently.

3. The connecting tube restricts the patient's nocturnal activities and reduces compliance.

4. Continuous positive pressure means the existence of continuous airflow, which will cause discomfort to most patients, so that quite a few patients cannot tolerate treatment.

Utility model content

In view of the above-mentioned prior art and the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing treatment measures, the utility model provides a ventilation mask that can adjust the positive expiratory pressure according to body position changes. After the patient wears the ventilation mask with positive expiratory pressure of the utility model, It can increase the pressure in the upper airway and maintain the transmural pressure gradient of the pharyngeal airway. Because the apnea of most patients mainly occurs in the supine position, the design of the utility model can adjust the positive expiratory pressure with the change of body position to increase the comfort of the patient.

The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A ventilation mask for adjusting the positive expiratory pressure with body position changes, comprising a mask body, the mask body is provided with at least one inhalation port and at least one exhalation port, and the inhalation port is provided with a one-way intake valve (one-way intake The opening or closing of the inhalation port can be controlled when the air valve is opened or closed), and the one-way pressure adjustable outlet valve is set at the exhalation port (the one-way pressure adjustable outlet valve can control the opening or closing of the exhalation port when the one-way pressure adjustable outlet valve is opened or closed). open or closed), the one-way inlet valve and the one-way pressure-adjustable outlet valve are all located outside the mask body (that is, after the patient wears it, the side where the mask body is in contact with the patient's face is called the inner side, and the other side is called the outer side) The body position adjustment device is also provided on the mask body, the body position adjustment device includes an air outlet, the air outlet is located in the center of the mask body, and a one-way valve is provided on both sides of the air outlet (the opening or closing of the one-way valve can control the opening of the air outlet. or closed), there is a raceway under the one-way valve, and steel balls are arranged in the raceway, and the two ends of the raceway are not equal in height: the end close to the one-way valve is higher than the end far away from the one-way valve (the height reference is based on patient The purpose of this structure is: when the patient is in the supine position, the steel ball is located at the end far away from the one-way valve, at this time the one-way valve is closed and the air outlet is closed; when the patient is in the lateral position , due to the change of the position of the mask, one of the steel balls (the specific steel ball depends on whether the patient is lying on the left side or the right side) will roll along the raceway to the end close to the one-way valve, and the one-way valve is on the ball It opens under the pressure of the pressure, and then makes the air outlet open (no matter whether the patient is lying on the left side or the right side, there will be a one-way valve to open, so as to ensure the air outlet is open).

Preferably, the mask body is provided with two inhalation ports and one exhalation port.

Preferably, the inhalation port is arranged at the lower part of the mask body, and the exhalation port is arranged at the upper part of the mask body.

Preferably, fixing straps are provided on both sides of the mask body.

When in use, cover the mouth and nose of the patient receiving treatment with a mask, and then fix it by knotting the strap behind the head. When inhaling, the one-way intake valve is open, and the inhalation resistance is about 0-1cm water column. When the patient is exhaling in the supine position, the steel ball in the body position adjustment device does not press the one-way valve, and the one-way valve does not open, and the exhaled air of the patient is limitedly exhaled through the one-way pressure-adjustable outlet valve, thereby establishing a positive pressure in the airway during the expiratory phase. When the patient is exhaling in the lateral position, the steel ball in the body position adjustment device presses the one-way valve, and the one-way valve opens. Because the resistance of the air outlet in the body position adjustment device is small, the patient’s exhaled air is exhaled through the air outlet, and there is no positive airway in the expiratory phase. pressure.

The one-way pressure-adjustable outlet valve can be adjusted according to the patient's own condition, and the pressure adjustment range is 5-20 cmH ₂ O.

The one-way valve, the one-way air inlet valve and the one-way pressure-adjustable air outlet valve involved in the utility model are all conventional products in the prior art.

In the ventilating mask for adjusting the positive expiratory pressure according to body position changes of the present utility model, the functions of each part are as follows:

Mask Body: Covers the patient's mouth and nose.

Inhalation port, one-way intake valve: the channel for inhalation.

Exhalation port, one-way pressure adjustable outlet valve: the channel for exhaling gas, which can produce positive expiratory pressure, and the pressure is adjustable, and the pressure adjustment range is 5-20cmH ₂ O.

One-way valve: control the switch of the air outlet.

Steel ball: press the one-way valve to make the one-way valve open

Exhaust port: The channel through which air is exhaled without producing positive expiratory pressure.

The ventilation mask of the utility model that adjusts the positive expiratory pressure according to body position changes has an excellent effect on obstructive sleep apnea, and its effectiveness is similar to that of continuous positive pressure ventilation, but its tolerance is higher than that of the latter; Sexual sleep apnea has good results.

The ventilating mask for adjusting the positive expiratory pressure according to body position changes of the utility model has the following advantages: 1. No electronic components, low price, no pollution in production, especially suitable for popularization in developing countries. 2. The whole component is small in size and easy to carry. 3. There is no attached connecting pipeline, and the compliance is high. 4. There is no continuous air flow, and the expiratory pressure can be adjusted according to the body position, so the patient has high comfort and good tolerance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.

Among them, 1. Mask body; 2. Inhalation port; 3. One-way inlet valve; 4. Exhalation port; 5. One-way pressure adjustable outlet valve; 6. Air outlet; 7. One-way valve; 8 , raceway; 9, steel ball; 10, fixed belt.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described.

A ventilation mask that adjusts positive expiratory pressure with body position changes, as shown in Fig. The lower part of the mask body 1, the exhalation port 4 is arranged on the upper part of the mask body 1), and the inhalation port 2 is provided with a one-way air intake valve 3 (when the one-way air intake valve 3 is opened or closed, the opening or closing of the inhalation port 2 can be controlled. closed), the exhalation port 4 is provided with a one-way pressure-adjustable outlet valve 5 (the one-way pressure-adjustable outlet valve 5 can control the opening or closing of the exhalation port 4 when the one-way pressure-adjustable outlet valve 5 is opened or closed), the one-way inlet valve 3. The one-way pressure adjustable outlet valve 5 is located outside the mask body 1 (that is, after the patient wears it, the side of the mask body 1 that is in contact with the patient's face is called the inner side, and the other side is called the outer side); A body position adjustment device is provided, and the body position adjustment device includes an air outlet 6, which is located in the center of the mask body 1, and a one-way valve is provided on both sides of the air outlet 6 (7) When the one-way valve 7 is opened or closed, the air outlet 6 can be controlled. Open or close), there is a raceway 8 under the check valve 7, and a steel ball 9 is arranged in the raceway 8, and the two ends of the raceway 8 are not of the same height: the end close to the check valve 7 is higher than the end far away from the check valve 7 (The reference for the height is based on when the patient is wearing a mask and is in the supine position). The purpose of this structure is: when the patient is in the supine position, the steel ball 9 is located at the end away from the one-way valve 7. At this time, the one-way valve 7 Closed, the air outlet 6 is closed; when the patient is lying on his side, because the position of the mask changes, one of the steel balls 9 (specifically which steel ball 9 depends on whether the patient is lying on the left side or the right side) will move along the raceway 8 rolls toward the end close to the one-way valve 7, the one-way valve 7 is opened under the pressure of the steel ball 9, and then the air outlet 6 is opened (no matter whether the patient is in the left or right decubitus position, there will be a one-way valve open, thereby keeping the air outlet open). Both sides of the mask body 1 are provided with fixing straps 10 .

During use, cover the mouth and nose of the patient receiving treatment with a mask, and then fix it in a knotted manner behind the head through the fixing belt 10 . The one-way intake valve 3 is opened during inhalation, and the inhalation resistance is about 0-1 cm water column. When the patient is exhaling in the supine position, the steel ball 9 in the body position adjustment device does not press the one-way valve 7, and the one-way valve 7 does not open. Positive pressure in the tract. When the patient is exhaling in the lateral position, the steel ball 9 in the body position adjustment device presses the one-way valve 7, and the one-way valve 7 opens. Because the resistance of the air outlet 7 in the body position adjustment device is small, the patient's exhaled air is exhaled through the air outlet 7 without exhalation. Gas phase airway positive pressure.

The one-way pressure-adjustable outlet valve 5 can be adjusted according to the patient's own condition, and the pressure adjustment range is 5-20 cmH ₂ O.

The patented ventilation mask that adjusts the positive expiratory pressure with body position changes has an excellent effect on obstructive sleep apnea, and its effectiveness is similar to that of continuous positive pressure ventilation, but its tolerance is higher than that of the latter; Sleep apnea has good results.

Claims (4)

1. a Ventilation mask that regulates PEP with position chanP, it is characterized in that: comprise mask body, mask body is provided with at least one air entry and at least one exhalation vents, air entry place is provided with breather cheek valve, exhalation vents place is provided with the adjustable air outlet valve of uniaxial pressure, breather cheek valve, uniaxial pressure is adjustable air outlet valve is all positioned at mask body outside; On mask body, be also provided with position control apparatus, position control apparatus comprises gas outlet, gas outlet is positioned at mask body central authorities, both sides, gas outlet are respectively provided with a check valve, check valve below is provided with raceway, in raceway, be provided with steel ball, the two ends of raceway are not contour: one end of close check valve is higher than the one end away from check valve.

2. a kind of Ventilation mask that regulates PEP with position chanP according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described mask body is provided with two air entries, an exhalation vents.

3. a kind of Ventilation mask that regulates PEP with position chanP according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described air entry is located at mask body bottom, and exhalation vents is located at mask body top.

4. a kind of Ventilation mask that regulates PEP with position chanP according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described mask body both sides are provided with fixing band.