CN203346383U - Device for preparing hydrogen by utilizing organic waste - Google Patents
Device for preparing hydrogen by utilizing organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN203346383U CN203346383U CN2013202502713U CN201320250271U CN203346383U CN 203346383 U CN203346383 U CN 203346383U CN 2013202502713 U CN2013202502713 U CN 2013202502713U CN 201320250271 U CN201320250271 U CN 201320250271U CN 203346383 U CN203346383 U CN 203346383U
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- fuel cell
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011278 co-treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
A device for preparing hydrogen by utilizing organic waste is characterized by comprising an anaerobic fermentation tank (1), as well as a microbial fuel cell (2), a microbial electrolytic cell (3) and a current stabilizer (4) which are connected in series. The device is characterized in that an organic wastewater outlet end of the anaerobic fermentation tank (1) is connected with the microbial fuel cell (2) and the microbial electrolytic cell (3), a positive pole of the microbial electrolytic cell (3) is connected with a positive pole of the microbial fuel cell (2), a negative pole of the microbial electrolytic cell (3) is connected with a negative pole of the microbial fuel cell (2), the microbial fuel cell (2) supplies power to the microbial electrolytic cell (3), and the current stabilizer (4) is mounted on the connection passageway of the microbial fuel cell (2) and the microbial electrolytic cell (3). According to the device, an MFC-MEC (microbial fuel cell-microbial electrolytic cell) self-power supply system is used for providing energy required by hydrogen preparation, so that the energy consumption of organic waste is reduced during the biological hydrogen preparation process, the sufficient resource utilization is realized, and the pollution is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the organic waste comprehensive regulation and development of clean energy field, specifically just relates to a kind of device that utilizes organic waste to pass through the self-contained electric system biological hydrogen production
Background technology
The excessive development and utilization of fossil fuel has brought atmospheric pollution, the series of environmental problems such as Global warming, and day by day exhausted fossil fuel resource also is difficult to meet the energy demand of people's rapid growth.Requirement based on Environment and energy, people are badly in need of developing clean reproducible energy as energy main body.Hydrogen Energy is a kind of desirable clean energy, has high heating value, fully after burning, generating water, does not produce the characteristics of greenhouse gases and pollution substance.The combining environmental problem is considered, utilizes the organic waste biological hydrogen production to become a large study hotspot in recent years, has and takes the lead in realizing business-like potential.
The main stream approach of utilizing organic waste hydrogen manufacturing is anaerobically fermenting hydrogen manufacturing at present.But based on biochemical basis, anaerobically fermenting hydrogen manufacturing is insufficient to utilizing of organic waste, and dump energy remains with the form of the voltaile fatty acids such as acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, not only causes organic waste treatment incomplete, and causes energy dissipation; For this problem, the methane coupling processed of anaerobic hydrogen production and anaerobism is a kind of settling mode of commonly using, but its product not only has hydrogen, Chinese patent 201110166607.3 discloses a kind of method containing organic acid waste water and the further hydrogen manufacturing of microorganism electrolytic cell of utilizing anaerobically fermenting hydrogen manufacturing to produce, but this utility model must utilize additional power source to obtain hydrogen, has increased energy consumption.Chinese patent 200610029155,200810148030 etc. discloses a kind of method of anaerobic hydrogen production and photosynthetic-hydrogen-production coupling, utilizes built-in light source from containing organic acid waste water, obtaining remaining Hydrogen Energy.Comprehensive, in above three kinds of methods, the first can't utilize whole raw materials to produce hydrogen, and the second and the third need additional energy source, have increased energy consumption.Therefore, the biomass fermentation and hydrogen production industrialization still needs to solve the abundant resource utilization of biomass, reduces the technological deficiency of polluting and reduce energy consumption in treating processes.
Microbiological fuel cell (microbial full cell, MFC) is to utilize microorganism as biological catalyst, organism to be converted into to the device of electric energy.The organic waste that enriches contained in life and industrial wastewater pollution can be used as its raw material sources, and therefore in sewage disposal technology, MFC is widely applied.The microorganism electrolytic cell can be called for short MEC, is to add an impressed voltage on the MFC basis, makes cathodic reaction become electronics and alpha proton reaction and produce hydrogen.It is advantageous that and the organism complete oxidation can be produced to carbonic acid gas and hydrogen, shortcoming is that the purity requirement of its reaction substrate is higher, and MFC has made up this problem.Microorganism electrolytic cell MFC and MEC, when co-treatment anaerobically fermenting resultant product voltaile fatty acid, do not need external source, and thoroughly decontamination, therefore MFC can be connected and processes organic waste with the MEC coupling.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of method and device that utilizes organic waste hydrogen manufacturing, it utilizes the MFC-MEC self-contained electric system to provide hydrogen manufacturing the required energy, utilize residuum after hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation and take the electric energy that microbiological fuel cell that biomass are the electrogenesis substrate produces further produce hydrogen in the microorganism electrolytic cell, make to reduce energy consumption in organic waste biological hydrogen production process, fully resource utilization minimizing are polluted.
Technical scheme
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, a kind of method of utilizing organic waste hydrogen manufacturing of the utility model design, is characterized in that, it comprises following step:
At first, organism is carried out to pre-treatment;
Then, pretreated organic waste in the first step is mixed and is placed in the anaerobic fermentation reactor anaerobically fermenting with the inoculum that contains hydrogenogens, pH is controlled between 4 to 7.5, produce hydrogen, carbonic acid gas and organic acid, gas obtains than pure hydrogen through separation, impurity removal, contains the organic acid remaining liq and discharges anaerobic fermentation tank.
Then; the first step is entered to the anolyte compartment of microbiological fuel cell through the part organic acid waste liquid of pretreated part organic waste and second step generation; produce carbonic acid gas, proton and electronics through the oxidation of electrogenesis bacterium; electronics reaches cathode compartment by external circuit; reach the electrogenesis effect; proton reaches cathode compartment by exchange membrane, and oxidized dose of oxidation;
Simultaneously, the organic acid waste liquid that second step is obtained partly enters the anolyte compartment of microorganism electrolytic cell, produce carbonic acid gas, proton and electronics through the oxidation of electrogenesis bacterium, the additional voltage by microbiological fuel cell, proton sees through exchange membrane and electronics produces hydrogen at negative electrode under katalysis, realizes the microorganism electrolytic hydrogen production.A kind ofly realize the above-mentioned device that utilizes organic waste hydrogen manufacturing, it is characterized in that: it comprises microbiological fuel cell, microorganism electrolytic cell, the current tap of anaerobic fermentation tank, series connection, it is characterized in that: the organic waste water exit end of described anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with microbiological fuel cell and microorganism electrolytic cell, the anode of microorganism electrolytic cell is connected with the anode of microbiological fuel cell, the negative electrode of microorganism electrolytic cell is connected with the negative electrode of microbiological fuel cell, and described microbiological fuel cell is powered to the microorganism electrolytic cell.
On the connecting path of described microorganism electrolytic cell and microbiological fuel cell, current tap is housed.
Have water inlet, air outlet, mud mouth and water outlet on described anaerobic fermentation tank.
Described microbiological fuel cell comprises anode of fuel cell, aeration negative electrode, fuel cell water inlet, fuel cell water outlet and wire.
Described microorganism electrolytic cell comprises anolyte compartment, cathode compartment, anode, negative electrode, proton exchange membrane, electrolytic cell water inlet, electrolytic cell water outlet and electrolytic cell air outlet.
Beneficial effect
The utility model utilizes the MFC-MEC self-contained electric system to provide hydrogen manufacturing the required energy, utilize residuum after hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation and take the electric energy that microbiological fuel cell that biomass are the electrogenesis substrate produces further produce hydrogen in the microorganism electrolytic cell, make to reduce energy consumption in organic waste biological hydrogen production process, fully resource utilization minimizing are polluted.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is process flow sheet of the present utility model.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the annexation figure that install in the utility model.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is described further
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of method of utilizing organic waste hydrogen manufacturing, is characterized in that, it comprises following step:
At first, organism is carried out to pre-treatment;
Then, pretreated organic waste in the first step is mixed and is placed in the anaerobic fermentation reactor anaerobically fermenting with the inoculum that contains hydrogenogens, pH is controlled between 4 to 7.5, produce hydrogen, carbonic acid gas and organic acid, gas obtains than pure hydrogen through separation, impurity removal, contains the organic acid remaining liq and discharges anaerobic fermentation tank.
Then; the first step is entered to the anolyte compartment of microbiological fuel cell through the part organic acid waste liquid of pretreated part organic waste and second step generation; produce carbonic acid gas, proton and electronics through the oxidation of electrogenesis bacterium; electronics reaches cathode compartment by external circuit; reach the electrogenesis effect; proton reaches cathode compartment by exchange membrane, and oxidized dose of oxidation;
Simultaneously, the organic acid waste liquid that second step is obtained partly enters the anolyte compartment of microorganism electrolytic cell, produce carbonic acid gas, proton and electronics through the oxidation of electrogenesis bacterium, the additional voltage by microbiological fuel cell, proton sees through exchange membrane and electronics produces hydrogen at negative electrode under katalysis, realizes the microorganism electrolytic hydrogen production.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of device that utilizes organic waste hydrogen manufacturing for above-mentioned technique, it is characterized in that: it comprises anaerobic fermentation tank 1, the microbiological fuel cell 2 of series connection, microorganism electrolytic cell 3, current tap 4, it is characterized in that: the organic waste water exit end of described anaerobic fermentation tank 1 is connected with microbiological fuel cell 2 and microorganism electrolytic cell 3, the anode of microorganism electrolytic cell 3 is connected with the anode of microbiological fuel cell 2, the negative electrode of microorganism electrolytic cell 3 is connected with the negative electrode of microbiological fuel cell 2, described microbiological fuel cell 2 gives the microorganism electrolytic cell 3 power supplies, current tap 4 is housed on the connecting path of microorganism electrolytic cell 2 and microbiological fuel cell 3.
Have water inlet 101, air outlet 102, mud mouth 103 and water outlet 104 on described anaerobic fermentation tank 1.
Described microbiological fuel cell 2 comprises anode of fuel cell 201, aeration negative electrode 202, fuel cell water inlet 203, fuel cell water outlet 204 and wire 205.
Described microorganism electrolytic cell 3 comprises anolyte compartment 301, cathode compartment 302, anode 303, negative electrode 304, proton exchange membrane 305, electrolytic cell water inlet 306, electrolytic cell water outlet 307 and electrolytic cell air outlet 308.
Working process of the present utility model is that the organism such as changing food waste obtain Mierocrystalline cellulose, grease and organic waste product after centrifugal classification.Wherein the organic waste product mixes by water inlet 101 and enters anaerobic fermentation tank 1 with active sludge.In anaerobic fermentation tank 1, pH is controlled between 4 to 7.5, and hydraulic detention time is in the 24h left and right.Collect hydrogen and carbonic acid gas by air outlet 102, by mud mouth 103 collection excess sludges and the renewed vaccination of ferment slag, enter organic waste.Organic acid wastewater flows out anaerobic fermentation tank 1 by water outlet 104.Mierocrystalline cellulose and grease mix and enter respectively anolyte compartments different in microbiological fuel cell 2 from respective handling electrogenesis bacterial classification after pre-treatment.Enter respectively microbiological fuel cell 2 to microorganism electrolytic cell 3 from fuel cell water inlet 203 and electrolytic cell water inlet 306 after making organic acid wastewater by proportioning inoculation electrogenesis bacterium to the different organic loading amount ratio of microorganism electrolytic cell 3 according to microbiological fuel cell 2, control the electric current of current tap at 0.8V～1.0V, by electrolytic cell water outlet 307 and the fuel cell water outlet rear clear water of 204 recycling and carbonic acid gas.Collect hydrogen by electrolytic cell air outlet 308.
The utility model utilizes the MFC-MEC self-contained electric system to provide hydrogen manufacturing the required energy, utilize residuum after hydrogen production through anaerobic fermentation and take the electric energy that microbiological fuel cell that biomass are the electrogenesis substrate produces further produce hydrogen in the microorganism electrolytic cell, make to reduce energy consumption in organic waste biological hydrogen production process, fully resource utilization minimizing are polluted.
Claims (4)
1. a device that utilizes organic waste hydrogen manufacturing, it is characterized in that: it comprises anaerobic fermentation tank (1), the microbiological fuel cell (2) of series connection, microorganism electrolytic cell (3), current tap (4), it is characterized in that: the organic waste water exit end of described anaerobic fermentation tank (1) is connected with microbiological fuel cell (2) and microorganism electrolytic cell (3), the anode of microorganism electrolytic cell (3) is connected with the anode of microbiological fuel cell (2), the negative electrode of microorganism electrolytic cell (3) is connected with the negative electrode of microbiological fuel cell (2), described microbiological fuel cell (2) is given microorganism electrolytic cell (3) power supply, current tap (4) is housed on the connecting path of microorganism electrolytic cell (2) and microbiological fuel cell (3).
2. a kind of device that utilizes organic waste hydrogen manufacturing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: have water inlet (101), air outlet (102), mud mouth (103) and water outlet (104) on described anaerobic fermentation tank (1).
3. a kind of device that utilizes organic waste hydrogen manufacturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described microbiological fuel cell (2) comprises anode of fuel cell (201), aeration negative electrode (202), fuel cell water inlet (203), fuel cell water outlet (204) and wire (205).
4. a kind of device that utilizes organic waste hydrogen manufacturing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described microorganism electrolytic cell (3) comprises anolyte compartment (301), cathode compartment (302), anode (303), negative electrode (304), proton exchange membrane (305), electrolytic cell water inlet (306), electrolytic cell water outlet (307) and electrolytic cell air outlet (308).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013202502713U CN203346383U (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2013-05-10 | Device for preparing hydrogen by utilizing organic waste |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013202502713U CN203346383U (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2013-05-10 | Device for preparing hydrogen by utilizing organic waste |
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| CN203346383U true CN203346383U (en) | 2013-12-18 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104141147A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-11-12 | 太原理工大学 | Method for making microorganism electrolytic cell generate and store hydrogen through microbial fuel cells in self-driven mode |
| CN105601070A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-05-25 | 长沙上意电子科技有限公司 | Organic waste anaerobic digestion-microbial electrolysis coupling reaction system and method thereof |
| CN108339846A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-31 | 青岛科技大学 | Fuel cell handles the system and method that organic wastewater synchronizes repairing heavy metal in soil |
| CN109585886A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-04-05 | 天津大学 | Organic waste treatment and the device and method to generate electricity for alkaline fuel cell |
| CN114773096A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-22 | 广东高龙环保科技有限公司 | Livestock and poultry corpse and excrement combined treatment system |
-
2013
- 2013-05-10 CN CN2013202502713U patent/CN203346383U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104141147A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-11-12 | 太原理工大学 | Method for making microorganism electrolytic cell generate and store hydrogen through microbial fuel cells in self-driven mode |
| CN104141147B (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-08-24 | 太原理工大学 | Microbiological fuel cell self-driven microorganism electrolysis cell hydrogen-preparing hydrogen-storing method |
| CN105601070A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-05-25 | 长沙上意电子科技有限公司 | Organic waste anaerobic digestion-microbial electrolysis coupling reaction system and method thereof |
| CN108339846A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-31 | 青岛科技大学 | Fuel cell handles the system and method that organic wastewater synchronizes repairing heavy metal in soil |
| CN109585886A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-04-05 | 天津大学 | Organic waste treatment and the device and method to generate electricity for alkaline fuel cell |
| CN109585886B (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2021-12-07 | 天津大学 | Device and method for treating organic waste and using organic waste for power generation of alkaline fuel cell |
| CN114773096A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-22 | 广东高龙环保科技有限公司 | Livestock and poultry corpse and excrement combined treatment system |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20131218 Termination date: 20140510 |