Background technology
Driving control system for electric machine is the main execution architecture in the electric automobile during traveling process, its drive system is the heart of electric automobile, fuel cell car in the electric automobile (FCV), hybrid vehicle (HEV) and pure electric automobile (EV) three major types all will drive wheel with motor and travel, and optimizing electric machine structure is the key factor that improves all kinds of electric automobile cost performances.
Be applicable to aspect the exploitation of used for electric vehicle high-quality permanent magnet drive motors at present, also exist various technical bottlenecks, have that noise is large, torque ripple is large, power density is low, weak magnetism speed expansion is difficult, overload capacity is low and the defective such as poor reliability, be difficult to satisfy the requirement of industrialization.
The torque ripple that is caused by the electromagnetism reason, produce machinery and electromagnetic noise, affect motor even running and reliability, it is divided into two kinds: a kind of is cogging torque, it is the torque that stator teeth groove and rotor permanent magnet interact and produce, this torque causes fluctuation with the locus do cyclic variation, and it and stator current have nothing to do; Another kind is the ripple torque, the harmonic torque that is namely caused by electric current and counter potential waveform difference.The torque ripple of automobile permanent magnet synchronous motor is the stack of cogging torque and ripple torque.Countries in the world electromechanics trade and R﹠D institution are all in the research of trying hard to reduce the motor torque fluctuation, as adopt mark channel process, auxiliary channel process, auxiliary tooth method, skewed slot method, oblique utmost point method, the channel process of remaining silent and magnetize slot wedge method etc., cut both ways, it is always undesirable to eliminate the slot effect measure.Skewed slot or the oblique utmost point also can reduce torque ripple, but skewed slot, tiltedly utmost point method is influential to square wave motor gas-gap magnetic flux density flat-top width, and skewed stator slot can affect the groove area that accounts for of conductor simultaneously, and copper loss is increased, both equal Lower powers, and make the complex structure of motor.
Fig. 1 is built-in yi word pattern permagnetic synchronous motor (IPMSM) profile of prior art, this automobile drive motor, comprise stator and rotor in casing and the casing, stator comprises stator core and the stator winding that is fixed on casing inner wall, comprise stator yoke 5, stator slot 6 and stator tooth 7 on the stator core, rotor comprises rotating shaft and rotor core 3, and rotor core inner periphery direction radially evenly has individual layer permanent magnetism groove 2, evenly studs with diametrical magnetization rectangular strip magnet steel 1.
The internal permanent magnet synchronous motor of above-mentioned prior art, the advantage of comparing with surface-adhered type is that rotor is typical salient-pole structure, hand over the axle inductance greater than d-axis inductance (Lq>Ld), saliency is arranged, salient pole rate=(Lq/Ld)>1, make motor on the basis of permanent-magnet torque superposition reluctance torque, reluctance torque have starting characteristic, overload capacity and a power density that helps improve motor, be easy to weak-magnetic speed-regulating, enlarge permanent power bracket operation.But individual layer yi word pattern or V-type interior permanent magnet machines, the air gap flux density waveform can not be realized Sine distribution, make the phase induced electromotive force have 3,5,7,11,13 inferior high order harmonic components, more harmonic component, cause larger torque pulsation, and individual layer built-in type permanent-magnet d axle and q axle magnetic resistance be more or less the same, the reluctance torque of generation is limited, weak magnetism speed expansion ability, efficient and power density etc. are difficult to satisfy the performance requirement of Modern Vehicle drive motors.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, the double-deck V-type interior permanent magnet machines of a kind of used for electric vehicle rotor is provided, can increase reluctance torque, improve motor salient pole rate, weak magnetism speed expansion ability, make the even running of motor energy high power, low fluctuation, wide range speed control, fast-response.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The double-deck V-type interior permanent magnet machines of a kind of used for electric vehicle rotor, it is characterized in that, along the circumferential direction even compartment of terrain arranges the many groups of permanent magnetism grooves that are diametrically inside and outside bilayer on rotor core, evenly studs with one or more magnetization strip magnet steel in the described permanent magnetism groove.
Described permanent magnetism groove and the inner magnetization strip magnet steel of inlaying thereof form V-type; Inside and outside two-layer V-type permanent magnetism groove, V-type magnet steel spacing equate.
V-type magnetization strip magnet steel and the pole shoe of every group of bilayer consist of a permanent magnetism magnetic pole.
Between described permanent magnetism magnetic pole, arrange every the magnetic magnetic bridge.
The scope of the polar arc angle α 1 of internal layer V-type magnet steel is 24 °-27.5 °.
The scope of the angle α 2 of outer V-type magnet steel is 155 °-160 °.
Along the internal layer magnet steel width PM2 of permanent magnetism groove trend and the pass of outer magnet steel width PM1 be: PM1=(0.78-0.8) PM2.
The two ends of outer permanent magnetism groove are pincerlike.
The scope of the angle β of outer pincerlike permanent magnetism groove and the magnet steel inlayed in it is: 42 °-48 °.
Be set in the interior magnet thickness of permanent magnetism groove greater than the thickness of this permanent magnetism groove.
The beneficial effect that the present invention reaches:
Rotor structure for permanent magnet motor of the present invention improves the motor gas-gap field waveform, improve the first-harmonic number of times of cogging torque fluctuation, reduce teeth groove first-harmonic and high order harmonic component torque amplitude, reduce the torque ripple that teeth groove causes, the synthetic torque ripple of motor is significantly reduced, significantly increase simultaneously reluctance torque, improve motor salient pole rate and weak magnetism speed expansion ability, obtain the broader constant power speed range of specific surface installing type magneto, satisfy electronic, hybrid vehicle driving requirement.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 2 is the profile of an embodiment of double-deck V-type interior permanent magnet machines rotor of the present invention, this rotor comprises rotating shaft (not shown) and rotor core 3, rotor core 3 inner periphery directions radially evenly have inside and outside double-deck permanent magnetism groove 2a, 2b, evenly stud with two rectangular strip magnet steel 1a, 1b in permanent magnetism groove 2a, the 2b, every layer magnet steel 1a, 1b is two blocks of magnet steel of separate separation, two blocks of magnet steel form V-type, form inside and outside double-deck V-type diametrical magnetization rectangular strip magnet steel 1a, 1b, be called double-deck V-type built-in type permanent-magnet (IPM).Consist of permanent magnetism magnetic pole by double-deck V-type diametrical magnetization rectangular strip magnet steel and pole shoe 8, the centrifugal force that rotor magnetic steel is caused reduces greatly.
Intermarginal setting is optimized the magnetic bridge width every magnetic magnetic bridge 9 outside double-deck V-type built-in magnet steel two ends and rotor, guarantees mechanical strength and forms saturable magnetic circuit, reduces leakage field.Leakage field everywhere every the outside of magnetic magnetic bridge 9 at permanent magnetism groove 2a, 2b, is resisted with permanent magnetism groove 2a, 2b altogether jointly in every extremely double-deck two ends.Simultaneously because the ability of anti-high speed centrifugation power strengthens, every magnetic magnetic bridge 9 can design narrower, leakage flux still less, the air gap flux density multiplication significantly improves electric efficiency, overload capacity, torque density and power density, increases reluctance torque, improves the weak magnetism speed expansion ability.
Take electric bus with the rotor of 60KW motor as example, adopt the motor rotor construction cogging torque Tcog of the invention described above and rotation angle θ relation as shown in Figure 5, cogging torque Tcog peak value is 16.5Nm.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, present embodiment is optimized the structure of rotor.
Optimize the polar arc angle α 1 of internal layer V-type magnet steel 1b:
By regulating the polar arc angle α 1 of internal layer V-type magnet steel 1b, by motor 12 utmost points, the angular range of control polar arc angle α 1 is: 24 °-27.5 °, other are identical with embodiment 1.
In the present embodiment still take electric bus with the rotor of 60KW motor as example, adopt motor rotor construction cogging torque Tcog that present embodiment optimizes and rotation angle θ relation as shown in Figure 6, cogging torque Tcog peak value is 13Nm.
Effect after polar arc angle α 1 optimizes: in conjunction with Fig. 5, Fig. 6, can find out, make the 13Nm after cogging torque Tcog peak value 16.5Nm of (initial configuration for not optimizing the embodiment 1) before optimizing is reduced to optimization after polar arc angle α 1 optimizes, cogging torque Tcog reduces by 21.2%.
Embodiment 3
On the basis of embodiment 2, present embodiment is further optimized the structure of rotor.
In the polar arc angle α 1 that optimizes internal layer V-type magnet steel 1b, regulate again the angle α 2 between outer V-type magnet steel 1a, the scope of control angle α 2 is: 155 °-160 °.Other are identical with embodiment 2.
In the present embodiment still take electric bus with the rotor of 60KW motor as example, adopt motor rotor construction cogging torque Tcog that present embodiment optimizes and rotation angle θ relation as shown in Figure 7, cogging torque Tcog peak value is 10.85Nm.
Effect after polar arc angle α 1 optimizes with angle α 2:, can find out that polar arc angle α 1 makes cogging torque Tcog peak value be reduced to 10.85Nm from the 16.5Nm that optimizes front (initial configuration) after optimizing with angle α 2 in conjunction with Fig. 5, Fig. 7, Tcog reduces by 34.2%.
Embodiment 4
On the basis of embodiment 3, present embodiment is further optimized the structure of rotor.
In the polar arc angle α 1 that optimizes internal layer V-type magnet steel 1b, angle α 2 between outer V-type magnet steel 1a, the ratio of width PM2 by regulating internal layer magnet steel 1b and the width PM1 of outer magnet steel 1a, control PM1=(0.78-0.8) PM2, other are identical with embodiment 3.
In the present embodiment still take electric bus with the rotor of 60KW motor as example, the motor rotor construction cogging torque Tcog peak value that adopts present embodiment optimization is that 1.69Nm(figure omits).
Effect after polar arc angle α 1, angle α 2, magnet steel width ratio are optimized: make cogging torque Tcog peak value be reduced to 1.69Nm from the 16.5Nm that optimizes front (initial configuration) after polar arc angle α 1, angle α 2 and the optimization of magnet steel width ratio, Tcog reduces by 89.7%.
Embodiment 5
Fig. 3 is the profile of another embodiment of double-deck V-type interior permanent magnet machines rotor of the present invention.
Rotor core 3 inner periphery directions radially evenly have inside and outside double-deck permanent magnetism groove, on the basis of embodiment 1, in the present embodiment, outer permanent magnetism groove is pincerlike permanent magnetism groove 2c, evenly stud with two rectangular strip magnet steel 1a, 1b in permanent magnetism groove 2a, the 2c, form inside and outside double-deck V-type diametrical magnetization rectangular strip magnet steel 1a, 1b.
And, with the optimal way among the embodiment 4, double-deck V-type interior permanent magnet machines rotor to the outer pincerlike permanent magnetism groove 2c of having of Fig. 3 is further optimized, by regulating the angle β of the outer pincerlike permanent magnetism groove 2c of Fig. 3 and outer rectangular strip magnet steel 1a, the scope of control angle β is: 42 °-48 °, make the 16.5Nm of cogging torque Tcog peak value from embodiment 1 be reduced to 0.78Nm, Tcog reduces by 95%, referring to Fig. 8.
Will emphasize especially: the pincerlike permanent magnetism groove 2c in the present embodiment and the angle β of outer rectangular strip magnet steel 1a are very effective to suppressing back-emf total harmonic distortion THD and reducing noise and vibration.So far, optimize α 1+ α 2+PM+ β, be called complex optimum.The Contrast on effect that adopts optimisation technique to reduce cogging torque Tcog fluctuation sees Table 1.
Table 1: adopt optimisation technique to reduce the effect of cogging torque Tcog fluctuation
Embodiment 6
Fig. 4 is the profile of the another embodiment of double-deck V-type interior permanent magnet machines rotor of the present invention, this rotor comprises rotating shaft (not shown) and rotor core 3, rotor core 3 inner periphery directions radially evenly have inside and outside double-deck permanent magnetism groove 2d, evenly stud with polylith strip magnet steel 1c in the permanent magnetism groove.
Its design feature: different from the structure of embodiment 1, embodiment 5 is: magnet steel 1c thickness is greater than permanent magnetism groove 2d thickness, not only the ability of anti-high speed centrifugation power strengthens, and air gap flux density increases, thus improve motor power density, torque density and overload capacity.
In the present embodiment, magnet steel 1c is made of 10 blocks of measure-alike diametrical magnetization rectangular strip magnet steel altogether, and simple in structure, processing cost reduces, is conducive to batch production.
Adopt the structure of embodiment 1, embodiment 5, electric bus is optimized design with the 60KW internal permanent magnet synchronous motor, the electric current I of 60KW motor, power P, efficiency eta and angle of torsion θ n relation curve are as shown in Figure 9.
Figure 10 is structure 60KW motor complex optimum after-current I of the present invention, power P, efficiency eta and angle of torsion θ n relation curve, and presentation of results is as shown in table 2.
Table 2: electric bus 60KW internal permanent magnet synchronous motor, adopt the Performance Ratio of optimisation technique front and back
Above-mentioned measure, improve the motor gas-gap field waveform, improve the first-harmonic number of times of cogging torque fluctuation, reduce teeth groove first-harmonic and high order harmonic component torque amplitude, reduce the torque ripple that teeth groove causes, the synthetic torque ripple of motor is significantly reduced, significantly increase simultaneously reluctance torque, improve motor salient pole rate and weak magnetism speed expansion ability, obtain specific surface installing type magneto and the broader constant power speed range of individual layer interior permanent magnet machines, satisfy electronic, hybrid vehicle driving requirement.
Take the electric bus produced with the 60KW Motor Optimizing Design as example, make cogging torque reduce 85%-95%, rated current reduces 16.6%, and peak power increases by 57%, efficient improves 3.2%, noise and vibration reduces 8%-10%, and establishment back-emf total harmonic distortion (THD) and static state, dynamic armature reaction tend to balance d axle and q axle radial load, reduce mechanical oscillation, anti-high speed centrifugation power improves overload capacity, is conducive to the motor frequent starting; Make motor have the characteristics such as high output, high reliability, high overload ability and power density, low fluctuation, fast-response, low noise, miniaturization and and even running.
Below only be concrete exemplary applications of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not constituted any limitation.All employing equivalents or equivalence are replaced and the technical scheme of formation, all drop within the rights protection scope of the present invention.