CN203164435U - Four rod type length adjustable submarine cable detection antenna array - Google Patents
Four rod type length adjustable submarine cable detection antenna array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
四棒式边长可调型海缆探测器,包括天线阵列和数据传输模块,天线阵列的数据通过数据传输模块由有线的方式传输到上位机。本结构的天线阵列,能根据不同的现场实际测量情况,调节阵列的边长使测量结果最佳化。本实用新型的天线阵测得的海缆埋深和路由信息的准确度将提高很多且方便;操作人员通过上位机软件发出指令控制数据传输模块进行数据的采集和传输,比传统方法的准确度提高很多,并且易于安装。
The four-rod submarine cable detector with adjustable side length includes an antenna array and a data transmission module. The data of the antenna array is transmitted to the host computer by wire through the data transmission module. The antenna array with this structure can adjust the side length of the array to optimize the measurement results according to different on-site actual measurement situations. The accuracy of the submarine cable burial depth and routing information measured by the antenna array of the utility model will be greatly improved and convenient; the operator sends an instruction through the host computer software to control the data transmission module to collect and transmit data, which is more accurate than the traditional method. Raises a lot and is easy to install.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种新型结构的海缆探测天线阵,能够根据不同的现场实际测量情况,实时方便的测量海缆的路由及埋深,为一种四棒式边长可调型海缆探测天线阵。The utility model relates to a submarine cable detection antenna array with a new structure, which can conveniently measure the route and buried depth of the submarine cable in real time according to different on-site actual measurement conditions, and is a four-rod type submarine cable detection with adjustable side length antenna array.
背景技术 Background technique
随着通信技术的不断发展,海缆,包括海底电缆和海底光缆,已成为跨海通信的主要手段,在全球范围内的广泛使用,目前,全世界已有几十万公里的海缆。自海缆大量应用以来,由于各种原因,包括人为和自然因素,海缆通信线路存在诸多安全问题。一方面因自然灾害造成的损害,另一方面,各类海上工程项目在海底光缆路由附近施工,直接危及海光缆的安全。为了防止和避免对光缆造成损害,影响光缆通信,就需要对海缆的路由以及埋设深度准确的探测。同时这也为以后的维护与修理工作带来便利。因此对海缆路由与埋深探测的研究有重要的理论意义和实际意义。With the continuous development of communication technology, submarine cables, including submarine cables and submarine optical cables, have become the main means of cross-sea communication and are widely used around the world. At present, there are hundreds of thousands of kilometers of submarine cables in the world. Since the extensive use of submarine cables, due to various reasons, including human and natural factors, there have been many safety problems in submarine cable communication lines. On the one hand, the damage caused by natural disasters, on the other hand, various offshore engineering projects are constructed near the submarine optical cable route, which directly endangers the safety of the submarine optical cable. In order to prevent and avoid damage to the optical cable and affect the communication of the optical cable, it is necessary to accurately detect the routing and burial depth of the submarine cable. At the same time, it also brings convenience for future maintenance and repair work. Therefore, the research on submarine cable routing and depth detection has important theoretical and practical significance.
交流磁场探测法作为一种探测技术,在海缆路由与埋深探测方面应用较广。哑点法与峰值法都是基于交流磁场探测法用来测量海缆的路由及埋深。但是这些传统方法由于传感器单一,探头线圈需要在海缆左右来回移动来找到峰值点或者哑点来确定海缆的位置和走向,容易造成误判,且所要求的参数多,包括海缆的埋深、偏距和偏角,而适用的计算方程少,需要多次不同点的测量,导致测量的准确度不够高。As a detection technology, the AC magnetic field detection method is widely used in submarine cable routing and buried depth detection. The dummy point method and the peak method are both based on the AC magnetic field detection method to measure the routing and buried depth of the submarine cable. However, due to the single sensor of these traditional methods, the probe coil needs to move back and forth on the submarine cable to find the peak point or the dumb point to determine the position and direction of the submarine cable, which is easy to cause misjudgment, and requires many parameters, including the buried cable. Depth, offset distance and deflection angle, but there are few applicable calculation equations, and multiple measurements at different points are required, resulting in insufficient measurement accuracy.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是:提高海缆路由及埋深测量的准确度,能根据不同的测量现场实际情况,达到最佳的测量效果,更加灵活方便。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: to improve the accuracy of submarine cable routing and buried depth measurement, and to achieve the best measurement effect according to the actual conditions of different measurement sites, which is more flexible and convenient.
本实用新型的技术方案为:四棒式边长可调型海缆探测天线阵,包括天线阵列和数据传输模块,天线阵列的数据通过数据传输模块以有线方式传输到上位机;The technical scheme of the utility model is: a four-rod type submarine cable detection antenna array with adjustable side length, including an antenna array and a data transmission module, and the data of the antenna array is transmitted to the upper computer in a wired manner through the data transmission module;
所述天线阵列包括四个探棒和一个菱形框架,每个探棒上绕有线圈,探棒采用磁性材料,构成电感式探棒,四个探棒分别固定在菱形框架的四个顶点处,探棒之间彼此独立无数据连接,各探棒分别通过电缆连接至数据传输模块,四个探棒均位于菱形的同一平面,每个探棒以各自所在的菱形对角线为轴线,所述菱形边长可调节,实现调节菱形框架中心到四个顶点的距离。The antenna array includes four probe rods and a rhombic frame, each probe rod is wound with a coil, and the probe rods are made of magnetic materials to form an inductive probe rod, and the four probe rods are respectively fixed at four vertices of the rhombus frame, The probes are independent of each other and have no data connection. Each probe is connected to the data transmission module through a cable. The four probes are all located on the same plane of the rhombus. Each probe takes the diagonal line of the rhombus where it is located as the axis. The length of the side of the rhombus can be adjusted to realize the adjustment of the distance from the center of the rhombus frame to the four vertices.
本实用新型天线阵列由四根探棒组成,探棒上绕有线圈。四个探棒分别固定在菱形框架的四个顶点处,相对的两个角上的探棒的朝向与两个角的连线,即对角线平行,组成边长可调的菱形阵列。测量时探棒阵列与海缆相对位置固定不变,天线阵一组相对的两个探棒垂直于海平面,另一组则平行于海平面。此时,海缆中通过的交流电会向四周传播电磁波,阵列中的探棒感受到电磁波的变化,线圈中会产生感应电动势。垂直于海平面的探棒产生的感应电动势的大小只与海缆的埋深以及探棒的投影与海缆的水平距离有关,平行海平面的探棒产生的感应电动势大小与海缆的埋深,探棒的投影与海缆的水平距离还有探棒自身与海缆的夹角有关。这四根探棒形成了一个菱形的阵列。最后将这四根探棒的感应电动势的绝对值代入到计算公式中,便可得到海缆的路由及埋深的具体数据。数据传输模块由RS-232总线,电流环串行借口和数据采集盒组成,数据采集盒将采集到的数据通过USB传输到上位机。最后上位机的界面软件实时显示每个探棒测得数据的波形图,并对测得的数据进行分析处理,得到海缆的路由及埋深信息。The antenna array of the utility model is composed of four probe rods, and coils are wound on the probe rods. The four probes are respectively fixed at the four vertices of the rhombus frame, and the direction of the probes on the two opposite corners is parallel to the line connecting the two corners, that is, the diagonal, forming a rhombus array with adjustable side lengths. During the measurement, the relative position of the probe array and the submarine cable is fixed, and one set of two opposite probes of the antenna array is perpendicular to the sea level, and the other set is parallel to the sea level. At this time, the alternating current passing through the submarine cable will spread electromagnetic waves to the surroundings, the probes in the array will feel the changes of electromagnetic waves, and an induced electromotive force will be generated in the coil. The magnitude of the induced electromotive force generated by the probe perpendicular to the sea level is only related to the buried depth of the submarine cable and the horizontal distance between the projection of the probe and the submarine cable. The magnitude of the induced electromotive force generated by the probe parallel to the sea level is related to the buried depth of the submarine cable. The projection of the probe is related to the horizontal distance of the cable and the angle between the probe itself and the cable. The four probes form a diamond-shaped array. Finally, the absolute value of the induced electromotive force of these four probes is substituted into the calculation formula, and the specific data of the route and buried depth of the submarine cable can be obtained. The data transmission module is composed of RS-232 bus, current loop serial interface and data acquisition box. The data acquisition box transmits the collected data to the host computer through USB. Finally, the interface software of the host computer displays the waveform diagram of the data measured by each probe in real time, and analyzes and processes the measured data to obtain the routing and buried depth information of the submarine cable.
本实用新型包含两个部分,一个部分是优化结构的天线阵列,包括位于菱形四个角的四根探棒。本实用新型的天线阵是由四根探棒构成的菱形阵列,由于海缆的路由及埋深检测中有偏角、偏距和埋深3个未知量,测量中每根探棒都可以得到一个方程,这样一次测量便可得到4个方程,每测一个点都能得到一组海缆的路由和埋深的参数。传统的哑点法,峰值法等由于天线单一,需要在多个点去测量来得到海缆的参数且容易造成误判的情况,本实用新型的天线阵优化了天线的个数,少了则无法每一次都得到一组参数,多了则会增加仪器费用。天线阵中垂直海平面的探棒得到的感应电动势只与偏距和埋深有关,与夹角无关,且二者的投影重合,这样设计有利于简化方程和计算;平行海平面的两根探棒处于同一高度,偏角相同,因此感应电动势大小只与偏距有关,这样设计便可以比较两根探棒感应电动势的大小判断哪个探棒更靠近海缆。因此,本实用新型的天线阵测得的海缆埋深和路由信息的准确度将提高很多且方便;第二部分为数据传输模块,操作人员通过上位机软件发出指令控制数据传输模块进行数据的采集和传输。The utility model comprises two parts, one part is an antenna array with an optimized structure, including four probe rods located at four corners of a rhombus. The antenna array of the utility model is a diamond-shaped array composed of four probes. Since there are three unknown quantities of deflection angle, deflection distance and buried depth in the route of the submarine cable and the buried depth detection, each probe can be obtained during the measurement. One equation, in this way, four equations can be obtained in one measurement, and a set of parameters of the routing and buried depth of the submarine cable can be obtained for each point measured. The traditional dumb point method, peak method, etc. have a single antenna and need to measure at multiple points to obtain the parameters of the submarine cable and are likely to cause misjudgment. The antenna array of the utility model optimizes the number of antennas. It is impossible to get a set of parameters every time, and if there are too many parameters, the cost of the instrument will be increased. The induced electromotive force obtained by the probe perpendicular to the sea level in the antenna array is only related to the offset distance and buried depth, and has nothing to do with the included angle, and the projections of the two coincide. This design is conducive to simplifying the equation and calculation; the two probes parallel to the sea level The rods are at the same height and the deflection angle is the same, so the magnitude of the induced electromotive force is only related to the deflection distance. In this design, the magnitude of the induced electromotive force of the two probe rods can be compared to determine which probe is closer to the submarine cable. Therefore, the accuracy of the buried depth of the submarine cable and the routing information measured by the antenna array of the utility model will be improved a lot and it is convenient; collection and transmission.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的天线阵列结构图。Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the antenna array of the present invention.
图2为本实用新型的系统示意图。Fig. 2 is the system diagram of the utility model.
图3为本实用新型的测量实例一示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a measurement example 1 of the present invention.
图4为本实用新型的测量实例二示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of measurement example 2 of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本实用新型提出了四棒式边长可调型海缆探测天线阵,通过合理选择探棒的数量,优化其结构,形成一个菱形阵列,且菱形边长可调,可根据实际测量的现场情况调节好阵列的边长达到最佳的测量效果。每点都能得到一组海缆的参数,因此能高效准确的测量出海缆的路由及埋深,具备很高的实用价值。The utility model proposes a four-rod type submarine cable detection antenna array with adjustable side lengths. By rationally selecting the number of probe rods and optimizing its structure, a diamond-shaped array is formed, and the side length of the rhombus is adjustable, which can be adjusted according to the actual measurement site conditions. Adjust the side length of the array to achieve the best measurement effect. Each point can get a set of parameters of the submarine cable, so it can efficiently and accurately measure the route and buried depth of the submarine cable, which has high practical value.
如图1,天线阵列由四根探棒组成,探棒上绕有线圈。制造探棒的材料要求磁性较高,一般选用棒形铁芯。探棒上绕有铜线线圈,由于天线阵列测的是感应电动势的大小,而感应电动势大小与线圈匝数成正比。为减小环境噪声影响,应尽量增多线圈的匝数,保证测量值足够大。四个探棒分别固定在菱形框架的四个顶点处,均位于菱形的同一平面,且菱形相对角上的两个探棒朝向与两个角的连线,即对角线平行,所述菱形边长可调节。如图2,实际测量时,将构成菱形框架的天线阵列固定好,天线阵列一组相对的两个探棒垂直于海平面,另一组则平行于海平面。此时,天线阵列与海缆的夹角θ,天线阵列中探棒1和2的投影到海缆的垂直距离x以及埋深h0都是未知的。由于海缆中通的是交流电,向外传播电磁波,处于电磁场中的探棒上的线圈会产生感应电动势。这里天线阵列与海缆的夹角是指天线阵列中相对海平面水平放置的探棒与海缆之间的夹角,根据电动势产生的原理,当探棒与海缆成一定角度时,探棒中才会因海缆的电磁波产生感应电动势。操作人员通过上位机软件发送指令控制数据传输模块开始采集探棒上感应电动势的数据。根据采集得到的数据,比较平行海平面的两个探棒的数据,将感应电动势值较大的那个编号为3,另一个编号为4,再将垂直海平面的两根探棒编号为1,2,将这四个探棒测得的感应电动势的绝对值代入理论公式中进行计算,最终可以得到阵列中心所在点处阵列与海缆的夹角θ,阵列竖直探棒的投影到海缆的垂直距离x以及埋深h0,h0为公式中的解h与高度计测得的海床深度h′的差值,其中理论公式如下:As shown in Figure 1, the antenna array consists of four probes with coils wound on them. The material for making the probe requires high magnetic properties, and a rod-shaped iron core is generally used. Copper wire coils are wound on the probe, because the antenna array measures the magnitude of the induced electromotive force, and the magnitude of the induced electromotive force is proportional to the number of turns of the coil. In order to reduce the impact of environmental noise, the number of turns of the coil should be increased as much as possible to ensure that the measured value is large enough. The four probes are respectively fixed at the four vertices of the rhombus frame, all of which are located on the same plane of the rhombus, and the two probes on the opposite corners of the rhombus are oriented to the line connecting the two corners, that is, the diagonals are parallel, and the rhombus Adjustable side length. As shown in Figure 2, during the actual measurement, the antenna array constituting the rhombus frame is fixed. One set of two opposite probes of the antenna array is perpendicular to the sea level, and the other set is parallel to the sea level. At this time, the angle θ between the antenna array and the submarine cable, the vertical distance x of the projections of
当天线阵列的投影位于海缆的一侧时:When the projection of the antenna array is on one side of the cable:
当天线阵列的投影覆盖在海缆上时:When the projection of the antenna array is overlaid on the submarine cable:
上述两个公式分别为海缆位于阵列一边和海缆位于阵列中间时的情况,实际测量时海缆探测天线阵固定在船上或者水下电子仓内,将天线阵列与数据传输模块相连,数据通过数据采集盒实时传送到上位机上。操作人员对上位机上的软件进行操作,点击开始采集指令,传感天线阵列会实时地将每根探棒的感应电动势的值传送到上位机里。数据采集是连续不断的,根据数据采集的时间间隔,每一个时间间隔内的数据对应一个测量点i,i=1,2,3……,即一个测量点对应一段波形数据,通过比较当前测量点与前一测量点对应的两个平行海平面的探棒数据,若波形变化趋势相同则属于海缆位于阵列一边的情况,若变化相反则属于海缆位于阵列中间时的情况。其中,K是与缆内电流的大小与频率、探棒的导磁率、探棒线圈匝数和探棒横截面有效面积成正比的参数,无需事先计算,可由公式得到,L1为菱形阵列中心与垂直海平面的两个探棒的距离,L2为菱形阵列中心与平行海平面的两个探棒的距离,ε1,ε2,ε3和ε4是天线阵列上对应编号的四个探棒上测得的感应电动势值,采集探棒上感应电动势时,对每一个测量点对应的测量时间间隔内的感应电动势波形,取每根探棒感应电动势波形图的稳定平均值,做为该测量点的测量数值。The above two formulas are respectively for the situation when the submarine cable is located on one side of the array and the submarine cable is located in the middle of the array. In the actual measurement, the submarine cable detection antenna array is fixed on the ship or in the underwater electronic cabin, and the antenna array is connected to the data transmission module. The data passes through The data acquisition box is transmitted to the host computer in real time. The operator operates the software on the host computer, clicks to start collecting instructions, and the sensor antenna array will transmit the value of the induced electromotive force of each probe to the host computer in real time. Data collection is continuous, according to the time interval of data collection, the data in each time interval corresponds to a measurement point i, i=1, 2, 3..., that is, a measurement point corresponds to a section of waveform data, by comparing the current measurement The probe data of the two parallel sea levels corresponding to the previous measurement point, if the waveform change trend is the same, it belongs to the case where the submarine cable is located on one side of the array, and if the change is opposite, it belongs to the case when the submarine cable is located in the middle of the array. Among them, K is a parameter proportional to the magnitude and frequency of the current in the cable, the magnetic permeability of the probe, the number of coil turns of the probe and the effective area of the cross-section of the probe. It can be obtained from the formula without prior calculation. L 1 is the center of the rhombus array The distance from the two probes perpendicular to the sea level, L 2 is the distance between the center of the diamond array and the two probes parallel to the sea level, ε 1 , ε 2 , ε 3 and ε 4 are the four corresponding numbers on the antenna array The value of the induced electromotive force measured on the probe, when collecting the induced electromotive force on the probe, for the waveform of the induced electromotive force within the measurement time interval corresponding to each measurement point, take the stable average value of the waveform of the induced electromotive force of each probe, as The measured value of this measurement point.
实际测量时,海缆探测天线阵固定在船上或者水下电子仓内,将天线与数据传输模块相连,数据将通过数据采集盒传送到上位机上。操作人员对上位机上的软件进行操作,点击开始采集指令,传感阵列会实时地将每个探棒的感应电动势的值传送到上位机里。采集多组数据后,取每个探棒感应电动势波形图的稳定平均值,比较平行海平面的两个探棒的数据,将感应电动势值较大的那个编号为3,另一个编号为4,再将垂直海平面的两根探棒编号为1,2,将这四个探棒的感应电动势的值代入到上面的公式中得到计算结果。每一个不同的测量点可以得到一组海缆的埋深,偏角和偏距的值,即该点处阵列与海缆的夹角θ,阵列竖直探棒的投影到海缆的垂直距离x。通过各测量点,根据测量结果(偏距和偏角)配合GPS定位将海缆的具体位置用曲线画出来,并同时用高度计测量不同点的海床深度,在每个测量点处,用公式中得到的h减去海床深度h′得到埋深h0。这样,便可得出海缆的埋深及路由的具体结果了。During the actual measurement, the submarine cable detection antenna array is fixed on the ship or in the underwater electronic warehouse, and the antenna is connected to the data transmission module, and the data will be transmitted to the host computer through the data acquisition box. The operator operates the software on the host computer, clicks to start collecting instructions, and the sensor array will transmit the value of the induced electromotive force of each probe to the host computer in real time. After collecting multiple sets of data, take the stable average value of the induced electromotive force waveform of each probe, compare the data of the two probes parallel to the sea level, number the one with the larger induced electromotive force value as 3, and the other number as 4, Then number the two probes perpendicular to the sea level as 1 and 2, and substitute the induced electromotive force values of these four probes into the above formula to obtain the calculation result. Each different measurement point can get a set of buried depth, deflection angle and offset distance of the submarine cable, that is, the angle θ between the array and the submarine cable at this point, and the vertical distance from the projection of the vertical probe of the array to the submarine cable x. Through each measurement point, draw the specific position of the submarine cable with a curve according to the measurement results (offset distance and deflection angle) and GPS positioning, and at the same time use the altimeter to measure the depth of the seabed at different points. At each measurement point, use the formula Subtract the seabed depth h′ from the h obtained in to obtain the buried depth h 0 . In this way, the specific results of the buried depth and routing of the submarine cable can be obtained.
本实用新型由于不像传统方法只采用单一的传感器,需要在多个点测量才能得到一组海缆的埋深和走向的参数,且会产生误判的结果,四棒式边长可调型海缆探测天线阵通过4个探棒组成的天线阵列,能根据不同的现场实际测量情况,通过改变L1和L2来调节菱形阵列的边长,比如实际现场测量值偏小,说明测量点距离海缆较远,可适当将阵列边长调大一些来使相对探棒的测量值有明显变化,代入公式中得到的结果更精确,将测量值代入公式中能快速得到海缆的埋深,走向等路由信息,能达到最佳的测量效果,具备实时性和更高的准确性。Because the utility model only uses a single sensor unlike the traditional method, it needs to measure at multiple points to obtain a set of parameters of the buried depth and direction of the submarine cable, and will produce misjudgment results. The four-rod type with adjustable side length The submarine cable detection antenna array is composed of 4 probes, and can adjust the side length of the rhombus array by changing L 1 and L 2 according to different on-site actual measurement conditions. For example, the actual on-site measurement value is too small, indicating that the measurement point It is far away from the submarine cable, and the side length of the array can be appropriately adjusted to make the measured value of the relative probe change significantly. The result obtained by substituting the measured value into the formula is more accurate, and the buried depth of the submarine cable can be quickly obtained by substituting the measured value into the formula , direction and other routing information, can achieve the best measurement effect, with real-time and higher accuracy.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105044784A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-11 | 河海大学 | Dual-probe-rod submarine cable detection system and detection method thereof |
CN109244625A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-01-18 | 北京北广科技股份有限公司 | For the received magnetic antenna device of underwater ultra-low frequency signal |
CN112987112A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-18 | 国网福建省电力有限公司莆田供电公司 | Submarine cable searching and positioning method based on magnetic induction coil cross combination mode |
CN112987110A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-18 | 国网福建省电力有限公司莆田供电公司 | Submarine cable searching and positioning method based on magnetic induction coil claw-shaped combined mode |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105044784A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-11 | 河海大学 | Dual-probe-rod submarine cable detection system and detection method thereof |
CN109244625A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-01-18 | 北京北广科技股份有限公司 | For the received magnetic antenna device of underwater ultra-low frequency signal |
CN112987112A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-18 | 国网福建省电力有限公司莆田供电公司 | Submarine cable searching and positioning method based on magnetic induction coil cross combination mode |
CN112987110A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-18 | 国网福建省电力有限公司莆田供电公司 | Submarine cable searching and positioning method based on magnetic induction coil claw-shaped combined mode |
CN112987110B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2024-01-16 | 国网福建省电力有限公司莆田供电公司 | Submarine cable search and positioning method based on claw-shaped combination mode of magnetic induction coil |
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