CN202994487U - Train body strength fatigue and airtightness fatigue testing device - Google Patents

Abstract

A car body strength fatigue and airtight fatigue test equipment, including a test train car body, a longitudinal loading device, a vertical loading device, and a plurality of vibration excitation devices installed under the car body; the vibration excitation device is a six-degree-of-freedom excitation device. Vibration device, six-degree-of-freedom vibration device, longitudinal loading device, and vertical loading device are all installed in the pit through the vibration isolation device, and the air hole of the vehicle body is connected with the airtight device; the specific composition of the vibration isolation device is: a rectangular basin The inner bottom of the shaped base is connected to the bottom plate of the six-degree-of-freedom vibration device through a T-shaped guide rail. The upper surface of the side edge of the base is fixed with a longitudinal loading device and a vertical loading device; The wall is connected, and the lower surface of the side edge of the base is connected with the steps of the pit through an air spring. The test equipment can not only carry out the strength fatigue test but also complete the airtight fatigue test of the full-scale car body. The test cost is low, the test efficiency is high, and the test results are more authentic and reliable; and the test has little impact on the surrounding environment.

Description

Body strength fatigue and airtight fatigue test equipment

technical field

The utility model relates to a test bench for the fatigue strength of the body structure of railway locomotives and airtight load fatigue.

Background technique

The development of railway transportation to high-speed and heavy-duty has aggravated the vibration of the train running, the service environment of each component has deteriorated, and the structural strength problems exposed to the bogie, wheel axle and car body have gradually increased, especially in the light structure required by high-speed trains. After quantification, the problem of structural strength will be more prominent.

Moreover, with the high speed of railway vehicles, railway vehicles, especially EMU vehicles, will cause large air pressure fluctuations outside the vehicles when they meet or run in tunnels. When trains meet frequently on the line or pass through tunnels, alternating airtight pressure loads will be formed on the trains. Generally speaking, the pressure fluctuation generated by the vehicle passing through the tunnel is larger than the pressure wave generated by the crossing of two trains on the open line. In order to investigate the fatigue strength of the car body airtight load, it is also necessary to establish a car body airtight fatigue test bench.

The strength fatigue of the main body structure of the existing car body can be tested for the strength of the car body through the longitudinal loading device and the vertical loading device; but because the base of the test bench is directly fixed on the ground, the high-frequency vibration generated during the test will have a negative impact on nearby buildings. Destructive effects, and seriously disturb and affect the lives of nearby residents.

The existing airtight test bench is to build a sealed long cylinder capable of increasing pressure and reducing pressure, with a special guide rail at the bottom, and by means of a process bogie, the vehicle body to be tested is sent into the long cylinder. Pressurization and decompression tests are carried out on the outside of the structure. However, due to the limitation of the volume of the long cylinder and the limitation of the power of the pressurizing device, it is only possible to test the special test vehicle body which is only 1/3 of the length of the actual vehicle body.

Similarly, due to the limitation of the volume of the long cylinder, the airtight fatigue test bench cannot be equipped with a strength loading device. therefore. At present, the strength fatigue test and the airtight fatigue test cannot be completed on the same test bench.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a car body strength fatigue and airtight fatigue test equipment, the test equipment can not only carry out the strength fatigue test but also can complete the full-scale car body airtight fatigue test, the test cost is low, the test efficiency is high, the test The result is more real and reliable; it can be applied to vehicles of various lengths and gauges; and it has little influence on the surrounding environment during the test.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model to achieve the purpose of the invention is a car body strength fatigue and airtight fatigue test equipment, including the car body of the test train, a longitudinal loading device at one end of the car body, and a vertical wall connected to the car body floor. The hydraulic system connected with the longitudinal loading device, the vertical loading device, and the vibration excitation device is characterized in that: the vibration excitation device is a six-degree-of-freedom vibration excitation device. device, the six-degree-of-freedom excitation device, longitudinal loading device, and vertical loading device are all installed in the pit through a vibration isolation device, and the vehicle body is connected with an airtight device; wherein:

The specific composition of the vibration isolation device is: the inner bottom of the rectangular pot-shaped base is connected with the bottom plate of the six-degree-of-freedom vibration device through a T-shaped guide rail, and the upper surface of the side edge of the base is fixed with a longitudinal loading device and a vertical loading device. ; There is a buffer rubber pile between the side edge of the base and the pit wall, and the lower surface of the side edge of the base is connected with the steps of the pit through an air spring;

The specific composition of the airtight device is as follows: the ventilation hole of the car body is connected with the compressor through the pressure air pipe and the high and low pressure gas storage tank in sequence.

Working process and principle of the present utility model are:

Fatigue performance test of the car body:

The hydraulic system drives the vertical loading device to apply a downward vertical load to the car body. The longitudinal loading device applies a longitudinal load to the car body. It can also apply an upward vertical load to the car body through a six-degree-of-freedom vibration device. The actuator is loaded with cyclic force for a long period of time, and the load and deformation of the car body are continuously tested and recorded, so as to complete the fatigue performance test of the car body.

Since the vertical loading device is fixed on the upper surface of the side edge of the base, and the vehicle body is fixed on the bottom of the base through a six-degree-of-freedom loading device, the vertical loading device, the base and the vehicle body on the base form a closed force-bearing system, and the base is vertically fixed on the steps of the pit through air springs, so the load when vertically loaded will not be transmitted to the pit and the ground outside the base as an internal force; the shaking generated when the load is uneven can also be absorbed by the air Spring absorbs. In the case of longitudinal loading, because the longitudinal loading device is fixed on the side edge upper surface of the base, and the vehicle body is fixed on the bottom of the base through a six-degree-of-freedom loading device, the longitudinal loading device, the base and the vehicle body on the base also constitute a Closed force bearing system; and the base is laterally connected to the wall of the pit through the lateral buffer, so the load will not be transmitted to the pit and the ground outside the base as an internal force during longitudinal loading; when the load is uneven The shaking is also absorbed by the cushioning rubber pile.

Airtight fatigue performance test:

The car body is sealed, and the compressor fills and deflates the car body through the high and low pressure gas storage tank, the pressure air pipe and the vent hole of the car body so that the inside of the car body can reach the set air pressure change, and the long-term air pressure change is loaded, and the car body The gas pressure in the body and the deformation of the car body are continuously tested and recorded, and then the airtight fatigue performance test of the train car body can be carried out.

Body comfort test:

A human test model is installed in the train body, and forces in six directions can be applied to the car body through the six-degree-of-freedom excitation device under the train body, so that the car body can move in six directions, and the human test model can be used for continuous detection Body comfort index, so as to complete the body comfort test.

Because the vehicle body comfort test, the small vibration load has little influence on the pit and the nearby ground.

The above three test processes can be carried out individually, or any two or three of them can be carried out simultaneously.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

1. On one test equipment, not only the strength fatigue test of the car body, but also the air tightness fatigue test of the car body and the comfort test of the car body can be carried out. Compared with simple vehicle body strength fatigue test equipment and simple airtight fatigue test equipment, the test cost is low, the test is more convenient and fast, and the test efficiency is high. And two or three kinds of tests can be carried out at the same time, which is closer to the actual train running conditions. The obtained test data is more realistic, providing more reliable test data for train design and maintenance.

2. This test equipment combines longitudinal and vertical dynamic loading. In the vertical direction, not only the vertical loading device can be used to load the car body downward, but also the six-degree-of-freedom vibration device can be used to apply upward load to the car body. . It makes it possible to more realistically simulate the force condition of train operation, and also makes the test data more real and reliable.

3. The test equipment constitutes a closed vertical and longitudinal loading system through the base, the vertical loading device installed on the base, and the longitudinal loading device. The loaded load will not act on the pit and the nearby ground as an internal force; The system shaking that may be caused by uniformity is absorbed by the air spring at the bottom of the base and the surrounding buffer rubber pile. This ensures that the buildings around the test area and the living environment of residents are not affected; at the same time, the test area is also protected from the external environment, making the test data more authentic and credible.

4. During the airtight test, the vent hole of the train is connected with the airtight device to realize a closed air pressure change environment inside the train. Compared with adding a long cylinder to wrap the car body from the outside to form a closed air pressure change environment: this The structure of the utility model is greatly simplified, and its implementation is more convenient and easy. And no longer limited by the volume of the large and long cylinder, the airtight test can be carried out on the entire full-scale train body, which is closer to the real situation of the train, and the test results are more real and reliable.

The specific composition of the above-mentioned six-degree-of-freedom vibration device is as follows: the top plate is fixedly connected with the car body floor, three vertical double-spherical hinge hydraulic actuators are connected between the bottom plate and the top plate, and a rear wall plate is erected at the rear of the bottom plate. There are two vertical double ball hinge hydraulic actuators connected between the top of the wall plate and the side of the top plate. There is a right rib plate on the right side of the bottom plate, a left rib plate on the left side of the top plate, and a right rib plate and a left rib plate. Transverse double spherical hinge hydraulic actuators are connected between the plates.

Such a six-degree-of-freedom vibration device can realize dynamic movement in three directions (vertical, transverse and longitudinal) and rotation in three directions conveniently, accurately and reliably.

The specific structure of the above-mentioned vertical loading device is: the vertical loading device is a gantry-type loading structure, a plurality of beams pass through the corresponding windows of the car body respectively, and the two ends of the beams protruding from the windows are connected with two columns, and the two columns Installed on the upper surface of the side edge of the base of the shock isolation device, the middle part of the beam is connected with the floor of the vehicle body through two vertical double spherical hinge hydraulic loading actuators.

Such a vertical loading device can conveniently realize loading on various positions of the floor surface in the vehicle body. And the reaction force of vertical loading comes from the base, so that the force of vertical loading will not act on the pit. In addition, the vertical loading device uses a hydraulic actuator to perform cyclic dynamic loading of the load, thereby more realistically simulating the real line operation of the train.

The specific structure of the above-mentioned longitudinal loading device is: two longitudinal beams are fixed on the upper surface of the side edge of the base of the shock-isolation device through the support base, and a box-shaped reaction beam is connected between the ends of the two longitudinal beams; one end of the vehicle body A longitudinal double spherical hinge hydraulic loading actuator is connected between the reaction beam and the car body.

Such a ring-beam longitudinal loading device converts the longitudinal load into an internal force load for digestion and absorption. It not only reduces the vibration impact on the foundation, but also does not need to set up a bulky reaction wall.

The specific structure of the box-shaped reaction beams connected between the ends of the above two longitudinal beams is: the ends of the reaction beams are hinged semicircular upper and lower buckles, and the other upper and lower buckles Threaded connection at one end. The inner surfaces of the upper and lower retaining rings are provided with internal threads matched with the external threads of the longitudinal beam.

Such buckle connection enables the position of the reaction beam to be adjusted arbitrarily on the longitudinal beam; and it can be well fixed on the longitudinal beam. The utility model can be conveniently used in tests of various lengths and distances between windows.

The utility model will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view structural diagram of an embodiment of the utility model.

Fig. 2 is a left view structure schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment (above ground part).

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an enlarged structure of the front section (section A-A of Fig. 1 ) of an embodiment of the utility model.

Fig. 4 is a side view schematic diagram of a six-degree-of-freedom vibration device in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Example

Figures 1 to 3 show that a specific embodiment of this utility model is: a car body strength fatigue and airtight fatigue test equipment, including a test train car body 1 and a longitudinal loading device 2 at one end of the car body 1 , the vertical loading device 3 connected to the inner floor of the vehicle body 1, a plurality of vibration excitation devices (usually three or more) installed under the vehicle body 1, and the longitudinal loading device 2, the vertical loading device 3, A hydraulic system connected to the vibration excitation device; the vibration excitation device is a six-degree-of-freedom vibration device 4, and the six-degree-of-freedom vibration device 4, the longitudinal loading device 2, and the vertical loading device 3 are all installed through a vibration isolation device In the pit 10, the vehicle body 1 is connected with the airtight device. in:

The specific composition of the vibration isolation device is: the inner bottom of the rectangular pot-shaped base 7c is connected to the bottom plate 4a of the six-degree-of-freedom vibration device 4 through the T-shaped guide rail 9, and the upper surface of the side edge of the base 7c is fixed with a longitudinal loading device 2 and a vertical loading device 3; a buffer rubber stack 7b is provided between the side edge of the base 7c and the wall of the pit 10, and the lower surface of the side edge of the base 7c is connected to the steps of the pit 10 through an air spring 7a;

The specific structure of the airtight device is as follows: the ventilation hole 1a of the car body 1 is connected to the compressor 5a through the pressure air pipe 5c and the high and low pressure gas storage tank 5b in sequence.

Figures 3 and 4 show that the specific composition of the six-degree-of-freedom excitation device 4 in this example is: the top plate 4b is fixedly connected to the floor of the car body 1, and there are three vertical double-spherical hinge hydraulic actuators connected between the bottom plate 4a and the top plate 4b. Actuator 4c, a rear wall plate 4d is erected at the rear of the bottom plate 4a, three longitudinal double ball hinge hydraulic actuators 4c are connected between the top of the rear wall plate 4d and the side of the top plate 4b, and there is a vertical double ball hinge hydraulic actuator 4c on the right side of the bottom plate 4a. The left rib 4f is arranged on the left side of the right rib 4e and the top plate 4b, and a transverse double spherical hinge hydraulic actuator 4c is connected between the right rib 4e and the left rib 4f.

Figures 1-3 also show that the specific structure of the vertical loading device 3 in this example is: the vertical loading device 3 is a gantry-type loading structure, the crossbeam 3b passes through the window 1b of the vehicle body 1, and the crossbeam of the window 1b is stretched out The two ends of 3b are connected to the sides of two vertical columns 3a, and the two vertical columns 3a are installed on the upper surface of the side edge of the base 4a of the seismic isolation device, and the middle part of the beam 3b is hydraulically loaded to the actuator by two vertical double ball hinges 3c is connected with the floor in the vehicle body 1 .

The specific structure of the longitudinal loading device 2 of this example is: the two longitudinal beams 2a of the ring beam made of solid steel pipes are fixed on the side edge upper surface of the base 7c of the seismic isolation device through the support seat 2b, and the ends of the two longitudinal beams 2a A box-shaped reaction beam 2c is connected between them; a longitudinal double spherical hinge hydraulic loading actuator 2d is connected between the reaction beam 2c and the vehicle body 1 .

The concrete structure that is connected with box-shaped reaction force beam 2c between the ends of two longitudinal beams 2a of this example is: the end of reaction force beam 2c is the upper and lower buckle of hinged semicircle, and the upper and lower The other end of the clasp is threaded. The inner surfaces of the upper and lower buckles are provided with internal threads that cooperate with the external threads of the longitudinal beam 2a.

Claims (5)

1. the tired and airtight fatigue rig of a car body strength, comprise the test car body (1) of train, vertical charger (2) of car body (1) one end, the vertical loading device (3) that is connected with car body (1) interior floor, be arranged on a plurality of exciting devices of car body (1) below, with vertical charger (2), vertical loading device (3), the hydraulic system that exciting device is connected, it is characterized in that: described exciting device is six degree of freedom exciting device (4), described six degree of freedom exciting device (4), vertical charger (2), vertical loading device (3) all is installed in melt pit (10) by isolation mounting, described car body (1) is connected with gas check, wherein:

The concrete formation of described isolation mounting is: the base of rectangle peviform (7c) inner bottom part is connected with the base plate (4a) of six degree of freedom exciting device (4) by T-shaped guide rail (9), and the upper surface on the side edge of base (7c) is fixed with vertical charger (2) and vertical loading device (3); The side of base (7c) along and melt pit (10) wall between be provided with yielding rubber heap (7b), the lower surface on the side edge of base (7c) is connected with the step of melt pit (10) by air spring (7a);

The concrete formation of described gas check is: the air hole (1a) of car body (1) is connected with compressor (5a) through tracheal pressure (5c), high-low pressure gas-holder (5b) successively.

2. the tired and airtight fatigue rig of a kind of car body strength according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete formation of described six degree of freedom exciting device (4) is: top board (4b) is fixedly connected with car body (1) floor, be connected with three vertical pair ball pivot hydraulic actuator (4c) between base plate (4a) and top board (4b), stand at the rear portion of base plate (4a) squab panel (4d), be connected with two vertically two ball pivot hydraulic actuators (4g) between the side of the top of squab panel (4d) and top board (4b), stand on the right side of base plate (4a) right web plate (4e), the below, left side of top board (4b) is provided with left gusset (4f), be connected with laterally two ball pivot hydraulic actuators (4h) between right web plate (4e) and left gusset (4f).

3. the tired and airtight fatigue rig of a kind of car body strength according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete structure of described vertical loading device (3) is: vertical loading device (3) is the gantry type loading structure, a plurality of crossbeams (3b) pass respectively window (1b) corresponding to car body (1), crossbeam (3b) two ends of stretching out window (1b) are connected with two columns (3a), two columns (3a) are installed on base (7c) side of earthquake isolating equipment along upper surface, the floor that the middle part of crossbeam (3b) is passed through in two vertical pair ball pivot hydraulic loaded actuator (3c) and car body (1) is connected.

4. the tired and airtight fatigue rig of a kind of car body strength according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete structure of described vertical charger (2) is: base (7c) side that two longitudinal beams (2a) are fixed in earthquake isolating equipment by supporting seat (2b) is connected with the reaction beam (2c) of box along upper surface between the end of two longitudinal beams (2a); Be connected with vertically two ball pivot hydraulic loaded actuator (2d) between the reaction beam (2c) of car body (1) one end and car body (1).

5. the tired and airtight fatigue rig of a kind of car body strength according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the concrete structure that is connected with the reaction beam (2c) of box between the end of described two longitudinal beams (2a) is: the end of reaction beam (2c) is hinged semicircular upper and lower clasp, and the other end of upper and lower clasp is threaded; The inside surface of upper and lower clasp is provided with the internal thread that coordinates with longitudinal beam (2a) external thread.

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